模拟直流发电机特性的储能变换器控制策略
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摘要
直流微电网的变换器均通过电力电子变换器接入直流母线,而电力电子变换器缺少惯性和阻尼作用,负载功率突变会引起变换器端口电压电流的振荡,给直流母线带来较大的冲击,影响微电网的稳定性。文中参考虚拟同步发电机在并网逆变器控制中的应用,提出了一种模拟直流发电机特性的储能变换器控制策略,使储能变换器具有直流发电机的端口特性,并建立小信号模型,利用阻抗比判据分析了其小信号稳定性。仿真和实验证明所提控制策略可以增强储能单元维持直流微电网内功率平衡的能力,提高直流微电网的供电质量。
The converters in DC microgrid all access to DC buses through power electronic converters lacking inertia and damping.The sudden change in the load power will cause oscillation of the voltage and current,which is bound to lead to a great surge on the DC bus and affect system stability.With reference to the application of virtual synchronous generator in the grid-connected inverter,this paper proposes a control strategy of energy storage converter which can simulate the DC generator characteristics so that the strategy will enable the DC converters to possess the port characteristics of DC generators.The smallsignal model is developed,and the small-signal stability is analyzed by the impedance ratio criterion.The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed control strategy is able to enhance the capacity of the energy storage unit to maintain the power balance and the quality of power supply in the DC microgrid.
The converters in DC microgrid all access to DC buses through power electronic converters lacking inertia and damping.The sudden change in the load power will cause oscillation of the voltage and current,which is bound to lead to a great surge on the DC bus and affect system stability.With reference to the application of virtual synchronous generator in the grid-connected inverter,this paper proposes a control strategy of energy storage converter which can simulate the DC generator characteristics so that the strategy will enable the DC converters to possess the port characteristics of DC generators.The smallsignal model is developed,and the small-signal stability is analyzed by the impedance ratio criterion.The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed control strategy is able to enhance the capacity of the energy storage unit to maintain the power balance and the quality of power supply in the DC microgrid.
引文
[1]鲁宗相,王彩霞,闵勇,等.微电网研究综述[J].电力系统自动化,2007,31(19):100-107.LU Zongxiang,WANG Caixia,MIN Yong,et al.Overview on microgrid research[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2007,31(19):100-107.
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[12]赵杨阳,柴建云,孙旭东.基于虚拟同步发电机的柔性虚拟调速器模型[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(10):8-15.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150728014.ZHAO Yangyang,CHAI Jianyun,SUN Xudong.Flexible virtual governor model based on virtual synchronous generator[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(10):8-15.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150728014.
[13]黄頔,樊绍胜,吕志鹏,等.负荷用直流变换器的虚拟直流发电机控制策略研究[J].电力科学与工程,2015,31(4):32-36.HUANG Di,FAN Shaosheng,LZhipeng,et al.Virtual DCgenerator control strategy for load DC-DC converter[J].Electric Power Science and Engineering,2015,31(4):32-36.
[14]盛万兴,刘海涛,曾正,等.一种基于虚拟电机控制的能量路由器[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(14):3541-3550.SHENG Wanxing,LIU Haitao,ZENG Zheng,et al.An energy hub based on virtual-machine control[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(14):3541-3550.
[15]FENG X G,LIU J J,LEE F C.Impedance specifications for stable DC distributed power systems[J].IEEE Trans on Power Electronics,2002,17(2):157-162.
[16]孙旭东,王善铭.电机学---清华大学电气工程系列教材[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006.
[2]李霞林,郭力,王成山,等.直流微电网关键技术研究综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(1):2-17.LI Xialin,GUO Li,WANG Chengshan,et al.Key technologies of DC microgrids:an overview[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(1):2-17.
[3]王成山,武震,李鹏.微电网关键技术研究[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(2):1-12.WANG Chengshan,WU Zhen,LI Peng.Research on key technologies of microgrid[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(2):1-12.
[4]ANAND S,FERNANDES B G,GUERRERO J.Distributed control to ensure proportional load sharing and improve voltage regulation in low-voltage DC microgrids[J].IEEE Trans on Power Electronics,2013,28(4):1900-1913.
[5]杨新法,苏剑,吕志鹏,等.微电网技术综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(1):57-70.YANG Xinfa,SU Jian,LZhipeng,et al.Overview on microgrid technology[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(1):57-70.
[6]秦文萍,柳雪松,韩肖清,等.直流微电网储能系统自动充放电改进控制策略[J].电网技术,2014,38(7):1827-1834.QIN Wenping,LIU Xuesong,HAN Xiaoqing,et al.An improved control strategy of automatic charging/discharging of energy storage system in DC microgrid[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(7):1827-1834.
[7]文波,秦文萍,韩肖清,等.基于电压下垂法的直流微电网混合储能系统控制策略[J].电网技术,2015,39(4):892-898.WEN Bo,QIN Wenping,HAN Xiaoqing,et al.Control strategy of hybrid energy storage systems in DC microgrid based on voltage droop method[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(4):892-898.
[8]孟润泉,刘家赢,文波,等.直流微网混合储能控制及系统分层协调控制策略[J].高电压技术,2015,41(7):2186-2193.MENG Runquan,LIU Jiaying,WEN Bo,et al.Hybrid energy storage control and system hierarchical coordinated control strategy for DC microgrids[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(7):2186-2193.
[9]WANG Zhenxiong,YI Hao,ZHANG Zhigang,et al.Implementation of virtual synchronous generator with an improved hardware structure in PV-based microgrids[C]//IEEE 8th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference(IPEMC-ECCE Asia),May 22-26,2016,Hefei,China:3157-3162.
[10]丁明,杨向真,苏建徽.基于虚拟同步发电机思想的微电网逆变电源控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(8):89-93.DING Ming,YANG Xiangzhen,SU Jianhui.Control strategies of inverters based on virtual synchronous generator in a microgrid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2009,33(8):89-93.
[11]程冲,杨欢,曾正,等.虚拟同步发电机的转子惯量自适应控制方法[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(19):82-89.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20141130003.CHENG Chong,YANG Huan,ZENG Zheng,et al.Rotor inertia adaptive control method of VSG[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(19):82-89.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20141130003.
[12]赵杨阳,柴建云,孙旭东.基于虚拟同步发电机的柔性虚拟调速器模型[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(10):8-15.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150728014.ZHAO Yangyang,CHAI Jianyun,SUN Xudong.Flexible virtual governor model based on virtual synchronous generator[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(10):8-15.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150728014.
[13]黄頔,樊绍胜,吕志鹏,等.负荷用直流变换器的虚拟直流发电机控制策略研究[J].电力科学与工程,2015,31(4):32-36.HUANG Di,FAN Shaosheng,LZhipeng,et al.Virtual DCgenerator control strategy for load DC-DC converter[J].Electric Power Science and Engineering,2015,31(4):32-36.
[14]盛万兴,刘海涛,曾正,等.一种基于虚拟电机控制的能量路由器[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(14):3541-3550.SHENG Wanxing,LIU Haitao,ZENG Zheng,et al.An energy hub based on virtual-machine control[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(14):3541-3550.
[15]FENG X G,LIU J J,LEE F C.Impedance specifications for stable DC distributed power systems[J].IEEE Trans on Power Electronics,2002,17(2):157-162.
[16]孙旭东,王善铭.电机学---清华大学电气工程系列教材[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006.