改善微电网频率动态响应的虚拟同步发电机强化惯量控制方法
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摘要
为充分利用虚拟同步发电机(VSG)的调频潜力,提出一种适用于交直流混合微电网的虚拟同步发电机强化惯量控制方法,即在虚拟同步发电机的基本控制结构上增加与系统频率偏差量相关的辅助调频控制环节,使之可以在负荷扰动后提供更多的调频功率,进一步改善系统的频率响应特性。基于Matlab/Simulink构建了以虚拟同步发电机为接口的交直流混合微电网模型,并在实验室研制了一台实验样机对所提控制方法进行验证。仿真和实验结果表明,与常规控制方法相比,强化惯量控制在给定的控制参数下可以使相同负荷扰动后的系统频率偏差进一步减小约25%,从而证明了所提控制方法的有效性。
In order to make full use of the virtual synchronous generator(VSG) in frequency modulation, we propose an enhanced VSG for AC/DC hybrid microgrid. The proposed method adds an auxiliary power control loop that is associated with the frequency deviation into the basic VSG control structure, enabling it to provide more power to participate in system frequency modulation after load disturbance and to further reduce the frequency deviation. For the purpose of verification, an AC/DC hybrid microgrid model is built in Matlab/Simulink software, in which the VSG is used as the interface inverter, and a VSG prototype is developed in the laboratory. Simulations and experiments indicate that, compared to the conventional VSG, the enhanced VSG with the given control parameters can further reduce the frequency deviation by about 25% after the same load disturbance, which proved the proposed method to be feasible and effective.
In order to make full use of the virtual synchronous generator(VSG) in frequency modulation, we propose an enhanced VSG for AC/DC hybrid microgrid. The proposed method adds an auxiliary power control loop that is associated with the frequency deviation into the basic VSG control structure, enabling it to provide more power to participate in system frequency modulation after load disturbance and to further reduce the frequency deviation. For the purpose of verification, an AC/DC hybrid microgrid model is built in Matlab/Simulink software, in which the VSG is used as the interface inverter, and a VSG prototype is developed in the laboratory. Simulations and experiments indicate that, compared to the conventional VSG, the enhanced VSG with the given control parameters can further reduce the frequency deviation by about 25% after the same load disturbance, which proved the proposed method to be feasible and effective.
引文
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[13]程启明,杨小龙,褚思远,等.基于虚拟直流发电机的光伏系统控制策略[J].高电压技术,2017,43(7):2097-2104.CHENG Qiming,YANG Xiaolong,CHU Siyuan,et al.Research on control strategy of PV system based on virtual DC generator[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(7):2097-2104.
[14]吕志鹏,盛万兴,钟庆昌,等.虚拟同步发电机及其在微电网中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(16):2591-2603.LüZhipeng,SHENG Wanxing,ZHONG Qingchang,et al.Virtual synchronous generator and its applications in micro-grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(16):2591-2603.
[15]曾正,邵伟华,冉立,等.虚拟同步发电机的模型及储能单元优化配置[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(13):22-31.ZENG Zheng,SHAO Huawei,RAN Li,et al.Mathematical model and strategic energy storage selection of virtual synchronous generators[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(13):22-31.
[16]JABER A,YUSHI M,TOSHIFUMI I.Power system stability using virtual synchronous generator with alternating moment of inertia[J].IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics,2015,3(2):451-458.
[17]宋琼,张辉,孙凯,等.多微源独立微网中虚拟同步发电机的改进型转动惯量自适应控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):412-423.SONG Qiong,ZHANG Hui,SUN Kai,et al.Improved adaptive control of inertia for virtual synchronous generators in islanding micro-grid with multiple distributed generation units[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2):412-423.
[18]万晓凤,胡海林,聂晓艺,等.电网电压不平衡时的改进虚拟同步机控制策略[J].电网技术,2017,41(11):3573-3581.WAN Xiaofeng,HU Hailin,NIE Xiaoyi,et al.An improved control strategy for virtual synchronous generator under unbalanced grid voltage[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(11):3573-3581.
[19]石荣亮,张兴,刘芳,等.虚拟同步发电机及其在多能互补微电网中的运行控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(20):170-180.SHI Rongliang,ZHANG Xing,LIU Fang,et al.Control technologies of multi-energy complementary microgrid operation based on virtual synchronous generator[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(20):170-180.
[20]朱永强,贾利虎,蔡冰倩,等.交直流混合微电网拓扑与基本控制策略综述[J].高电压技术,2016,42(9):2756-2768.ZHU Yongqiang,JIA Lihu,CAI Bingqian,et al.Overview on topologies basic strategies of hybrid AC/DC microgrid[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(9):2756-2768.
[21]李伟,吴凤江,段建东,等.储能型功率补偿系统的无功功率与动态有功功率解耦控制[J].高电压技术,2015,41(7):2165-2172.LI Wei,WU Fengjiang,DUAN Jiandong,et al.Decouple control strategy of dynamic active power and reactive power for storage energy-type power compensation system[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(7):2165-2172.
[22]SONI N,DOLLA S,CHANDORKAR M C.Improvement of transient response in microgrids using virtual inertia[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2013,28(3):1830-1838.
[23]MIGUEL A T L,LOPES L A C,LUIS A M T,et al.Self-tuning virtual synchronous machine:a control strategy for energy storage systems to support dynamic frequency control[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2014,29(4):833-840.
[2]唐巍,高峰.考虑用户满意度的户用型微电网日前优化调度[J].高电压技术,2017,43(1):140-148.TANG Wei,GAO Feng.Optimal operation of household microgrid day-ahead energy considering user satisfaction[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(1):140-148.
[3]郭力,王蔚,刘文建,等.风柴储海水淡化独立微电网系统能量管理方法[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(2):113-121.GUO Li,WANG Wei,LIU Wenjian,et al.The energy management method for stand-alone wind/diesel/battery/sea-water desalination microgrid[J].Transaction of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(2):113-121.
[4]杨洪耕,赵曦,王迪,等.孤岛微电网电压源型逆变器和SVC交互影响分析[J].高电压技术,2017,43(10):3273-3279.YANG Honggeng,ZHAO Xi,WANG Di,et al.Analysis on interactive influences between voltage source inverter and SVC in an islanded microgrid[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(10):3273-3279.
[5]张辉,宋琼,魏亚龙.离网运行的多微源微网调频调压控制策略[J].高电压技术,2017,43(1):149-156.ZHANG Hui,SONG Qiong,WEI Yalong.Frequency and voltage regulation control strategy of micro-grid with multiple micro sources under island mode[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(1):149-156.
[6]LIU Z,LIU J.Indirect current control based seamless transfer of three-phase inverter in distributed generation[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2014,29(7):3368-3383.
[7]聂志强,梁晖,罗浩,等.基于非线性下垂控制的单模式微网并/离网无缝切换技术[J].电网技术,2016,40(5):1371-1378.NIE Zhiqiang,LIANG Hui,LUO Hao,et al.Single mode grid-connected/islanded microgrid seamless transition based on nonlinear droop control technology[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(5):1371-1378.
[8]XING P X,FU L J,WANG G,et al.Control strategy of seamless operation mode switch for AC/DC hybrid microgrid[C]∥International Conference on Aircraft Utility System.Beijing,China:IEEE/CSAA,2016:1030-1034.
[9]张雪妍,马伟明,付立军,等.基于模式切换的逆变器与发电机并联控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(18):220-229.ZHANG Xueyan,MA Weiming,FU Lijun,et al.Parallel control strategy of inverter and diesel generator based on mode-switching method[J].China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(18):220-229.
[10]丁明,杨向真,苏建徽.基于虚拟同步发电机思想的微电网逆变电源控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(8):89-93.DING Ming,YANG Xiangzhen,SU Jianhui.Control strategies of inverters based on virtual synchronous generator in a microgrid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2009,33(8):89-93.
[11]ZHONG Q C,WEISS G.Synchronverters:inverters that mimic synchronous generators[J].IEEE Transaction on Industrial Electronics,2011,58(4):1259-1267.
[12]XIONG L S,ZHUO F,WANG F,et al.Static synchronous generator model:a new perspective to investigate dynamic characteristics and stability issues of grid-tied PWM inverter[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2016,31(9):6264-6280.
[13]程启明,杨小龙,褚思远,等.基于虚拟直流发电机的光伏系统控制策略[J].高电压技术,2017,43(7):2097-2104.CHENG Qiming,YANG Xiaolong,CHU Siyuan,et al.Research on control strategy of PV system based on virtual DC generator[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(7):2097-2104.
[14]吕志鹏,盛万兴,钟庆昌,等.虚拟同步发电机及其在微电网中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(16):2591-2603.LüZhipeng,SHENG Wanxing,ZHONG Qingchang,et al.Virtual synchronous generator and its applications in micro-grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(16):2591-2603.
[15]曾正,邵伟华,冉立,等.虚拟同步发电机的模型及储能单元优化配置[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(13):22-31.ZENG Zheng,SHAO Huawei,RAN Li,et al.Mathematical model and strategic energy storage selection of virtual synchronous generators[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(13):22-31.
[16]JABER A,YUSHI M,TOSHIFUMI I.Power system stability using virtual synchronous generator with alternating moment of inertia[J].IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics,2015,3(2):451-458.
[17]宋琼,张辉,孙凯,等.多微源独立微网中虚拟同步发电机的改进型转动惯量自适应控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):412-423.SONG Qiong,ZHANG Hui,SUN Kai,et al.Improved adaptive control of inertia for virtual synchronous generators in islanding micro-grid with multiple distributed generation units[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2):412-423.
[18]万晓凤,胡海林,聂晓艺,等.电网电压不平衡时的改进虚拟同步机控制策略[J].电网技术,2017,41(11):3573-3581.WAN Xiaofeng,HU Hailin,NIE Xiaoyi,et al.An improved control strategy for virtual synchronous generator under unbalanced grid voltage[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(11):3573-3581.
[19]石荣亮,张兴,刘芳,等.虚拟同步发电机及其在多能互补微电网中的运行控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(20):170-180.SHI Rongliang,ZHANG Xing,LIU Fang,et al.Control technologies of multi-energy complementary microgrid operation based on virtual synchronous generator[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(20):170-180.
[20]朱永强,贾利虎,蔡冰倩,等.交直流混合微电网拓扑与基本控制策略综述[J].高电压技术,2016,42(9):2756-2768.ZHU Yongqiang,JIA Lihu,CAI Bingqian,et al.Overview on topologies basic strategies of hybrid AC/DC microgrid[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(9):2756-2768.
[21]李伟,吴凤江,段建东,等.储能型功率补偿系统的无功功率与动态有功功率解耦控制[J].高电压技术,2015,41(7):2165-2172.LI Wei,WU Fengjiang,DUAN Jiandong,et al.Decouple control strategy of dynamic active power and reactive power for storage energy-type power compensation system[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(7):2165-2172.
[22]SONI N,DOLLA S,CHANDORKAR M C.Improvement of transient response in microgrids using virtual inertia[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2013,28(3):1830-1838.
[23]MIGUEL A T L,LOPES L A C,LUIS A M T,et al.Self-tuning virtual synchronous machine:a control strategy for energy storage systems to support dynamic frequency control[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2014,29(4):833-840.