低压直流母线AC-DC电力电子变压器及其短路故障穿越方法
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摘要
传统的基于半桥型模块化多电平电力电子变压器使用大量的开关器件和无源元件,限制了其功率密度和效率的提高。提出了一种组合全桥型模块化多电平换流器(MMC)和输入侧间接串联型输入串联输出并联DC-DC变换器的电力电子变压器拓扑,MMC输出等级较低的中压直流母线,可减少隔离级DC-DC模块数量,且可以实现故障时的自阻断功能。通过改变DC-DC变换器模块输入侧的串联连接方式,可有效避免中压直流端口短路时导致DC-DC变换器输入侧电容短路问题。该电力电子变压器拓扑同时具备中压和低压直流端口,且可以有效降低开关器件、无源元件、高频变压器以及DC-DC变换器模块数量,提高电力电子变压器的功率密度、效率和故障穿越能力。最后基于MATLAB/Simulink,搭建了该电力电子变压器的仿真模型,仿真结果验证了该拓扑的可行性。
The traditional power electronic transformer(PET) based on modular multilevel converter(MMC) with half-bridge submodule uses a large number of switching devices and passive components, which limits its power density and efficiency. A topology of PET based on MMC with H-bridge submodule and input series output parallel(ISOP) DC-DC converter is proposed, which can generate a low level medium-voltage DC bus to reduce the number of DC-DC modules and realize self-blocking when a fault occurs. An indirect series of ISOP converter structure is proposed, when the medium voltage DC port is short-circuit, the short-circuit discharge of the input side capacitor of DC-DC converter can be effectively avoided by changing the connection mode of the input side of DC-DC converter. The numbers of switching devices, passive components, high-frequency transformers and DC-DC converter modules can be effectively reduced, and the power density, efficiency and fault ride-through ability can be effectively improved by the proposed PET. Finally, the simulation model of the proposed PET is built based on MATLAB/Simulink, and the feasibility of this topology is verified by the simulation results.
The traditional power electronic transformer(PET) based on modular multilevel converter(MMC) with half-bridge submodule uses a large number of switching devices and passive components, which limits its power density and efficiency. A topology of PET based on MMC with H-bridge submodule and input series output parallel(ISOP) DC-DC converter is proposed, which can generate a low level medium-voltage DC bus to reduce the number of DC-DC modules and realize self-blocking when a fault occurs. An indirect series of ISOP converter structure is proposed, when the medium voltage DC port is short-circuit, the short-circuit discharge of the input side capacitor of DC-DC converter can be effectively avoided by changing the connection mode of the input side of DC-DC converter. The numbers of switching devices, passive components, high-frequency transformers and DC-DC converter modules can be effectively reduced, and the power density, efficiency and fault ride-through ability can be effectively improved by the proposed PET. Finally, the simulation model of the proposed PET is built based on MATLAB/Simulink, and the feasibility of this topology is verified by the simulation results.
引文
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[9] 刘教民,孙玉巍,李永刚,等.级联式电力电子变压器混合脉宽调制谐波分析及均衡控制[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(7):101-107.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160624013.LIU Jiaomin, SUN Yuwei, LI Yonggang, et al. Harmonic analysis and balancing control of cascade power electronic transformer based on hybrid pulse width modulation[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2017, 41(7): 101-107. DOI: 10.7500/AEPS20160624013.
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[12] WANG Dan, TIAN Jie, MAO Chengxiong, et al. A 10-kV/400-V 500-kVA electronic power transformer[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2016, 63(11): 6653-6663.
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[16] 孙广星,苟锐锋,孙伟.基于MMC结构的电力电子变压器拓扑结构及控制策略研究[J].高压电器,2016,52(1):142-147.SUN Guangxing,GOU Ruifeng,SUN Wei. Research on topology and control strategy of power electronic transformer based on MMC structure[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2016, 52(1): 142-147.
[17] 魏承志,练睿,杨桦,等.一种混合型模块化多电平换流器的改进载波移相调制方法[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(7):68-73.WEI Chengzhi, LIAN Rui, YANG Hua, et al. An improved phase shifted carrier modulating method for hybrid modular multilevel converter[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2016, 40(7): 68-73.
[18] 林周宏,刘崇茹,李海峰,等.模块化多电平换流器的子模块电容电压分层均压控制法[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(7):175-181.LIN Zhouhong, LIU Chongru, LI Haifeng, et al. A stratified voltage balancing control method of sub-module capacitor voltage for modular multilevel converter[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2015, 39(7): 175-181.
[19] WANG P, ZHANG X P, COVENTRY P F, et al. Control and protection strategy for MMC MTDC system under converter-side AC fault during converter blocking failure[J]. Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, 2014, 2(3): 272-281.
[20] FAN Boran, LI Yongdong, WANG Kui, et al. Hierarchical system design and control of an MMC-based power-electronic transformer[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2017, 13(1): 238-247.
[21] 李子欣,王平,楚遵方,等.面向中高压智能配电网的电力电子变压器研究[J].电网技术,2013,37(9):2592-2601.LI Zixin, WANG Ping, CHU Zunfang, et al. Research on medium-and high-voltage smart distribution grid oriented power electronic transformer[J]. Power System Technology, 2013, 37(9): 2529-2601.
[22] 高范强,李子欣,徐飞,等.一种高频链模块化电力电子变压器[J].电工电能新技术,2017,36(5):51-58.GAO Fanqiang, LI Zixin, XU Fei, et al. Power electronic transformer based on modular converter with high-frequency link[J].Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy, 2017, 36(5): 51-58.
[23] 王轩,付永生,晋湾湾,等.一种新型结构的电力电子变压器[J].电工电能新技术,2017,36(5):67-74.WANG Xuan, FU Yongsheng, JIN Wanwan, et al. Novel topology of power electronic transformer[J]. Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy, 2017, 36(5): 67-74.
[24] ZHAO B, SONG Q, LI J, et al. High-frequency-link DC transformer based on switched capacitor for medium-voltage DC power distribution application[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2016, 31(7): 4766-4777.
[25] ZHAO B, SONG Q, LI J, et al. Full-process operation, control, and experiments of modular high-frequency-link DC transformer based on dual active bridge for flexible MVDC distribution: a practical tutorial[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2017, 32(9): 6751-6766.
[26] 严仰光.双向直流变换器[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,2004.YAN Yangguang. Bidirectional DC-DC converter[M]. Nanjing: Jiangsu Science and Technology Press, 2004.
[27] WANG Y, SONG Q, SUN Q, et al. Multilevel MVDC link strategy of high-frequency-link DC transformer based on switched capacitor for MVDC power distribution[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2017, 64(4): 2829-2835.
[28] 陈武.多变换器模块串并联组合系统研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2009.CHEN Wu. Research on series-parallel conversion systems consisting of multiple converter modules[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2009.
[29] 罗永捷,李耀华,李子欣,等.全桥型MMC-HVDC直流短路故障穿越控制保护策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(7):1933-1943.LUO Yongjie, LI Yaohua, LI Zixin, et al. DC Short-circuit fault ride-through control strategy of full-bridge MMC-HVDC systems[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2016, 36(7): 1933-1943.
[2] 董朝阳,赵俊华,文福拴,等.从智能电网到能源互联网:基本概念与研究框架[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(15):1-11.DONG Zhaoyang, ZHAO Junhua, WEN Fushuan, et al. From smart grid to Energy Internet: basic concept and research framework[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2014, 38(15): 1-11.
[3] 陈启超,王建赜,纪延超.基于LLC谐振变换器的电力电子变压器[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(3):41-46.CHEN Qichao, WANG Jianze, JI Yanchao. Power electronic transformer based on LLC resonant converter[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2014, 38(3): 41-46.
[4] BRIZ F, LOPEZ M, RODRIGUEZ A, et al. Modular power electronic transformers modular multilevel converter versus cascaded H-bridge solutions[J]. IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, 2016, 10(4): 6-19.
[5] WANG Xinyu, LIU Jinjun, OUYANG S, et al. Control and experiment of an H-bridge-based three-phase three-stage modular power electronic transformer[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2016, 31(3): 2002-2011.
[6] 舒良才,陈武,王琛,等.基于混频调制的新型电力电子变压器[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(7):146-152.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20171204006.SHU Liangcai, CHEN Wu, WANG Chen, et al. Power electronic transformer based on mixed-frequency modulation[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2018, 42(7): 146-152. DOI: 10.7500/AEPS20171204006.
[7] HUANG A Q, BALIGA J. FREEDM system: role of power electronics and power semiconductors in developing an energy internet[C]// 21st International Symposium on Power Semiconductor Devices & IC’s, June 14-18, 2009, Barcelona, Spain: 9-12.
[8] BIFARETTI S, ZANCHETTA P, WATSON A A, et al. Advanced power electronic conversion and control system for universal and flexible power management[J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2011, 2(2): 231-243.
[9] 刘教民,孙玉巍,李永刚,等.级联式电力电子变压器混合脉宽调制谐波分析及均衡控制[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(7):101-107.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160624013.LIU Jiaomin, SUN Yuwei, LI Yonggang, et al. Harmonic analysis and balancing control of cascade power electronic transformer based on hybrid pulse width modulation[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2017, 41(7): 101-107. DOI: 10.7500/AEPS20160624013.
[10] SHI Jianjiang, GUO Wei, YUAN Hao, et al. Research on voltage and power balance control for cascaded modular solid-state transformer[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2011, 26(4): 1154-1166.
[11] LIU Jianqiang, YANG Jingxi, ZHANG Jiepin, et al. Voltage balance control based on dual active bridge DC/DC converters in a power electronic traction transformer[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2018, 33(2): 1696-1714.
[12] WANG Dan, TIAN Jie, MAO Chengxiong, et al. A 10-kV/400-V 500-kVA electronic power transformer[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2016, 63(11): 6653-6663.
[13] COSTA L F, BUTICCHI G, LISERRE M. Quad-active-bridge DC-DC converter as cross-link for medium-voltage modular inverters[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2017, 53(2): 1243-1253.
[14] 杨晓峰.模块组合多电平变换器(MMC)研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2012.YANG Xiaofeng. Research on modular multilevel converter (MMC)[D]. Beijing: Beijing Jiaotong University, 2012.
[15] 管敏渊.基于模块化多电平换流器的直流输电系统控制策略研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2013.GUAN Minyuan. Control strategies for modular multilevel converter based HVDC transmission system[D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University, 2013.
[16] 孙广星,苟锐锋,孙伟.基于MMC结构的电力电子变压器拓扑结构及控制策略研究[J].高压电器,2016,52(1):142-147.SUN Guangxing,GOU Ruifeng,SUN Wei. Research on topology and control strategy of power electronic transformer based on MMC structure[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2016, 52(1): 142-147.
[17] 魏承志,练睿,杨桦,等.一种混合型模块化多电平换流器的改进载波移相调制方法[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(7):68-73.WEI Chengzhi, LIAN Rui, YANG Hua, et al. An improved phase shifted carrier modulating method for hybrid modular multilevel converter[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2016, 40(7): 68-73.
[18] 林周宏,刘崇茹,李海峰,等.模块化多电平换流器的子模块电容电压分层均压控制法[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(7):175-181.LIN Zhouhong, LIU Chongru, LI Haifeng, et al. A stratified voltage balancing control method of sub-module capacitor voltage for modular multilevel converter[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2015, 39(7): 175-181.
[19] WANG P, ZHANG X P, COVENTRY P F, et al. Control and protection strategy for MMC MTDC system under converter-side AC fault during converter blocking failure[J]. Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, 2014, 2(3): 272-281.
[20] FAN Boran, LI Yongdong, WANG Kui, et al. Hierarchical system design and control of an MMC-based power-electronic transformer[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2017, 13(1): 238-247.
[21] 李子欣,王平,楚遵方,等.面向中高压智能配电网的电力电子变压器研究[J].电网技术,2013,37(9):2592-2601.LI Zixin, WANG Ping, CHU Zunfang, et al. Research on medium-and high-voltage smart distribution grid oriented power electronic transformer[J]. Power System Technology, 2013, 37(9): 2529-2601.
[22] 高范强,李子欣,徐飞,等.一种高频链模块化电力电子变压器[J].电工电能新技术,2017,36(5):51-58.GAO Fanqiang, LI Zixin, XU Fei, et al. Power electronic transformer based on modular converter with high-frequency link[J].Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy, 2017, 36(5): 51-58.
[23] 王轩,付永生,晋湾湾,等.一种新型结构的电力电子变压器[J].电工电能新技术,2017,36(5):67-74.WANG Xuan, FU Yongsheng, JIN Wanwan, et al. Novel topology of power electronic transformer[J]. Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy, 2017, 36(5): 67-74.
[24] ZHAO B, SONG Q, LI J, et al. High-frequency-link DC transformer based on switched capacitor for medium-voltage DC power distribution application[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2016, 31(7): 4766-4777.
[25] ZHAO B, SONG Q, LI J, et al. Full-process operation, control, and experiments of modular high-frequency-link DC transformer based on dual active bridge for flexible MVDC distribution: a practical tutorial[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2017, 32(9): 6751-6766.
[26] 严仰光.双向直流变换器[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,2004.YAN Yangguang. Bidirectional DC-DC converter[M]. Nanjing: Jiangsu Science and Technology Press, 2004.
[27] WANG Y, SONG Q, SUN Q, et al. Multilevel MVDC link strategy of high-frequency-link DC transformer based on switched capacitor for MVDC power distribution[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2017, 64(4): 2829-2835.
[28] 陈武.多变换器模块串并联组合系统研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2009.CHEN Wu. Research on series-parallel conversion systems consisting of multiple converter modules[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2009.
[29] 罗永捷,李耀华,李子欣,等.全桥型MMC-HVDC直流短路故障穿越控制保护策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(7):1933-1943.LUO Yongjie, LI Yaohua, LI Zixin, et al. DC Short-circuit fault ride-through control strategy of full-bridge MMC-HVDC systems[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2016, 36(7): 1933-1943.