静止无功补偿器在青藏直流工程中的应用
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摘要
拉萨换流站弱系统连接导致所用的无功补偿设备容量较小,数量较多,引起投资增加,为此,建立了带有静止无功补偿器(SVC)的青海—西藏(青藏)交直流工程PSCAD仿真模型,仿真各种直流运行方式、各水平年下不同容量无功设备投切引起的电压波动,以寻找满足要求的无功补偿分组设置。通过大量的仿真,确定了该期无功设备分组容量及远期分组容量,同时得到以下结论:直流系统带有SVC,不但可以使无功设备容量大幅增加,而且能够满足无功补偿投切引起的电压波动要求。最后,通过PSCAD仿真确定了SVC的控制策略。将所得研究结果应用于青藏直流工程,由于安装了SVC,无功分组的容量由每组25 MVA提高到45 MVA,在投切滤波器时,换流母线的暂稳态电压波动也满足无功导则的要求,表明制定的SVC控制策略提高了工程运行的可靠性和安全性。工程实际运行情况证明了研究结果的正确性和可行性,对今后直流工程的设计和研究具有较大的参考价值。
The weak ac system connection of Tibet Power Grid leads to small capacity and more installed number of reactive power compensation apparatus, which will cause increasing investment, thus we established a simulation model of Qinghai-Tibet ac and dc systems with static var compensator(SVC) by PSACD to calculate voltage fluctuation caused by switching reactive power compensation apparatus of different capacity under different operation modes and in different years, so as to figure out suitable reactive power compensation arrangement. Meanwhile, we determined the reactive power capacity of sub-bank for the near term and the future term by plenty of simulation. It is concluded that, the capacity of sub-bank increases from the original 25 MVA to 45 MVA and the temporary steady-state voltage fluctuation of commutation bus can meet the requirements of reactive power guide, indicating that the strategy improves stability and safety of the project. The actual operation situation proves validity and feasibility of the proposed strategy, which provides a reference for future HVDC project design.
The weak ac system connection of Tibet Power Grid leads to small capacity and more installed number of reactive power compensation apparatus, which will cause increasing investment, thus we established a simulation model of Qinghai-Tibet ac and dc systems with static var compensator(SVC) by PSACD to calculate voltage fluctuation caused by switching reactive power compensation apparatus of different capacity under different operation modes and in different years, so as to figure out suitable reactive power compensation arrangement. Meanwhile, we determined the reactive power capacity of sub-bank for the near term and the future term by plenty of simulation. It is concluded that, the capacity of sub-bank increases from the original 25 MVA to 45 MVA and the temporary steady-state voltage fluctuation of commutation bus can meet the requirements of reactive power guide, indicating that the strategy improves stability and safety of the project. The actual operation situation proves validity and feasibility of the proposed strategy, which provides a reference for future HVDC project design.
引文
[1]浙江大学直流输电科研组.直流输电[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1982:222-275.The HVDC Research Team of Zhejiang University.HVDC transmission[M].Beijing,China:Hydric and Electric Publisher,1982:222-275.
[2]北京网联直流工程技术有限公司.《青海~西藏直流联网工程功能规范书》[R].北京:北京网联直流工程技术有限公司,2010.Beijing Wanglian HVDC Engneering Technology Co.Ltd.Report about《technical specification of Qingzang-Tibet HVDC project》[R].Beijing,China:Beijing Wanglian HVDC Engneering Technology Co.Ltd.,2010.
[3]Franken B.Analysis of HVDC converters connected to weak Ac systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power System,1990,5(1):235-242.
[4]Sato M,Honjo N,Yamaji K.HVDC converter control for fast power recovery after AC system fault[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1997,12(3):1319-1326.
[5]Nayak O B,Gole A M,Chapman D G.Dynamic performance of static and synchronous compensators at an HVDC inverter bus in a very weak AC system[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1994,9(4):1350-1357.
[6]Zhang Y,Menzies R W,Nayak O B.Dynamic performance of a station at an HVDC inverter feeding a very weak AC system[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1996,11(2):958-964.
[7]周长春,徐政.联于弱交流系统的HVDC故障恢复特性仿真分析[J].电网技术,2003,27(11):18-21.ZHOU Changchun,XU Zheng.Simulation and analysis of recovery characteristics of HVDC connected to AC system with weak strength[J].Power System Technology,2003,27(11):18-21.
[8]林伟芳,汤涌,卜广全.多馈入交直流系统短路比的定义和应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(31):1-9.LIN Weifang,TANG Yong,BU Guangquan.Definition and application of short circuit ratio for multi-infeed AC/DC power systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,28(31):1-9.
[9]邱大强,李群湛,南晓强.电网不对称故障下VSC-HVDC系统的直接功率控制[J].高电压技术,2012,38(4):1012-1018.QIU Daqiang,LI Qunzhan,NAN Xiaoqiang.Direct power control of VSC-HVDC system under unsymmetrical fault of grid[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(4):1012-1018.
[10]CIGRE WG 14.07,IEEE WG 15.05.Guide for planning DC links terminating at AC system locations having low short circuit capacities[J].Electra,1992,142(1):119-123.
[11]周静.青海-西藏直流联网工程成套设计报告:无功补偿和交流滤波器的配置研究[R].北京:北京网联直流工程技术有限公司,2010.ZHOU Jing.The preliminary design report of Qingzang-Tibet HVDC project:the reactive compensation and configuration of AC filter[R].Beijing,China:Beijing Wanglian HVDC Engneering Technology Co.Ltd.,2010.
[12]刘宝宏.青海-西藏直流联网工程成套设计报告:拉萨换流站SVC容量研究[R].北京:北京网联直流工程技术有限公司,2010.LIU Baohong.The preliminary design report of Qingzang-Tibet HVDC project:the research about SVC capacity of Lhasa converter station[R].Beijing,China:Beijing Wanglian HVDC Engneering Technology Co.Ltd.,2010.
[13]殷威扬,刘宝宏.中俄背靠背换流站直流系统与静止无功补偿器的协调运行[J].电网技术,2007,31(12):57-62.YIN Weiyang,LIU Baohong.Coordination operation of HVDC/SVC in China-Russia back-to-back converter station[J].Power System Technology,2007,31(12):57-62.
[14]王雁凌,任震,王官洁.静止无功补偿器在高压直流系统中的应用[J].电网技术,1996,20(12):9-13.WANG Yanling,REN Zhen,WANG Guanjie.Application of SVC in HVDC system[J].Power System Technology,1996,20(12):9-13.
[15]马幼捷,周雪松,相伟.SVC综合非线性控制器在交直流混合系统中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2004,24(9):19-23.MA Youjie,ZHOU Xuesong,XIANG Wei.The application of synthetical nonlinear SVC controller in AC/DC system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2004,24(9):19-23.
[16]邓鸿强,王渝红,李兴源.高压直流换流站无功消耗及站内补偿装置配置综述[J].华东电力,2012,40(3):382-387.DENG Hongqiang,WANG Yuhong,LI Xingyuan.Overview of reactive power consumption and compensation device configuration in HVDC converter station[J].East China Electric Power,2012,40(3):382-387.
[17]徐政.联于弱交流系统的直流输电特性研究之一——直流输电的输送能力[J].电网技术,1997,21(1):12-16.XU Zheng.Characteristics of HVDC connected to weak AC systems part1:HVDC transmission capability[J].Power System Technology,1997,21(1):12-16..
[18]徐政.联于弱交流系统的直流输电特性研究之二——直流输电的输送能力[J].电网技术,1997,21(3):1-4.XU Zheng.Characteristics of HVDC connected to weak AC systems part1:HVDC transmission capability[J].Power System Technology,1997,21(3):1-4.
[19]刘宝宏,马为民,殷威扬.青海—西藏±400 kV直流联网工程的启停方法设计[J].电力建设,2012,33(5):8-11.LIU Baohong,MA Weimin,YIN Weiyang.Start-stop method for Qinghai-Tibet DC interconnection project[J].Electric Power Construction,2012,33(5):8-11.
[20]邱伟,钟杰峰,伍文城.±800kV云广直流换流站无功补偿与配置方案[J].电网技术,2010,34(6):93-97.QIU Wei,ZHONG Jiefeng,WU Wencheng.Reactive power compensation scheme and it’s configuration for converter station of±800 kV DC power transmission project From Yunnan to Guandong[J].Power System Technology,2010,34(6):93-97.
[21]殷威扬,杨志栋.特高压直流工程无功平衡和补偿策略[J].高电压技术,2006,33(10):50-54.YIN Weiyang,YANG Zhidong.Study on reactive power balance and compensation strategy for UHVDC project[J].High Voltage Engineering,2006,33(10):50-54.
[22]肖鸣,傅闯.高压直流低负荷无功优化功能运行分析[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(5):91-95.XIAO Ming,FU Chuang.An operation analysis of HVDC low load reactive power optimization function[J].Automation of Electric Power System,2010,34(5):91-95.
[23]卢敬军,乐党救.±800 kV特高压直流换流站交流滤波器场地布置优化[J].电力建设,2010,31(1):26-33.LU Jingjun,LE Dangjiu.±800 kV UHV DC converter station AC filter yard layout optimization[J].Electric Power Construction,2010,31(1):26-33.
[2]北京网联直流工程技术有限公司.《青海~西藏直流联网工程功能规范书》[R].北京:北京网联直流工程技术有限公司,2010.Beijing Wanglian HVDC Engneering Technology Co.Ltd.Report about《technical specification of Qingzang-Tibet HVDC project》[R].Beijing,China:Beijing Wanglian HVDC Engneering Technology Co.Ltd.,2010.
[3]Franken B.Analysis of HVDC converters connected to weak Ac systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power System,1990,5(1):235-242.
[4]Sato M,Honjo N,Yamaji K.HVDC converter control for fast power recovery after AC system fault[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1997,12(3):1319-1326.
[5]Nayak O B,Gole A M,Chapman D G.Dynamic performance of static and synchronous compensators at an HVDC inverter bus in a very weak AC system[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1994,9(4):1350-1357.
[6]Zhang Y,Menzies R W,Nayak O B.Dynamic performance of a station at an HVDC inverter feeding a very weak AC system[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1996,11(2):958-964.
[7]周长春,徐政.联于弱交流系统的HVDC故障恢复特性仿真分析[J].电网技术,2003,27(11):18-21.ZHOU Changchun,XU Zheng.Simulation and analysis of recovery characteristics of HVDC connected to AC system with weak strength[J].Power System Technology,2003,27(11):18-21.
[8]林伟芳,汤涌,卜广全.多馈入交直流系统短路比的定义和应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(31):1-9.LIN Weifang,TANG Yong,BU Guangquan.Definition and application of short circuit ratio for multi-infeed AC/DC power systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,28(31):1-9.
[9]邱大强,李群湛,南晓强.电网不对称故障下VSC-HVDC系统的直接功率控制[J].高电压技术,2012,38(4):1012-1018.QIU Daqiang,LI Qunzhan,NAN Xiaoqiang.Direct power control of VSC-HVDC system under unsymmetrical fault of grid[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(4):1012-1018.
[10]CIGRE WG 14.07,IEEE WG 15.05.Guide for planning DC links terminating at AC system locations having low short circuit capacities[J].Electra,1992,142(1):119-123.
[11]周静.青海-西藏直流联网工程成套设计报告:无功补偿和交流滤波器的配置研究[R].北京:北京网联直流工程技术有限公司,2010.ZHOU Jing.The preliminary design report of Qingzang-Tibet HVDC project:the reactive compensation and configuration of AC filter[R].Beijing,China:Beijing Wanglian HVDC Engneering Technology Co.Ltd.,2010.
[12]刘宝宏.青海-西藏直流联网工程成套设计报告:拉萨换流站SVC容量研究[R].北京:北京网联直流工程技术有限公司,2010.LIU Baohong.The preliminary design report of Qingzang-Tibet HVDC project:the research about SVC capacity of Lhasa converter station[R].Beijing,China:Beijing Wanglian HVDC Engneering Technology Co.Ltd.,2010.
[13]殷威扬,刘宝宏.中俄背靠背换流站直流系统与静止无功补偿器的协调运行[J].电网技术,2007,31(12):57-62.YIN Weiyang,LIU Baohong.Coordination operation of HVDC/SVC in China-Russia back-to-back converter station[J].Power System Technology,2007,31(12):57-62.
[14]王雁凌,任震,王官洁.静止无功补偿器在高压直流系统中的应用[J].电网技术,1996,20(12):9-13.WANG Yanling,REN Zhen,WANG Guanjie.Application of SVC in HVDC system[J].Power System Technology,1996,20(12):9-13.
[15]马幼捷,周雪松,相伟.SVC综合非线性控制器在交直流混合系统中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2004,24(9):19-23.MA Youjie,ZHOU Xuesong,XIANG Wei.The application of synthetical nonlinear SVC controller in AC/DC system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2004,24(9):19-23.
[16]邓鸿强,王渝红,李兴源.高压直流换流站无功消耗及站内补偿装置配置综述[J].华东电力,2012,40(3):382-387.DENG Hongqiang,WANG Yuhong,LI Xingyuan.Overview of reactive power consumption and compensation device configuration in HVDC converter station[J].East China Electric Power,2012,40(3):382-387.
[17]徐政.联于弱交流系统的直流输电特性研究之一——直流输电的输送能力[J].电网技术,1997,21(1):12-16.XU Zheng.Characteristics of HVDC connected to weak AC systems part1:HVDC transmission capability[J].Power System Technology,1997,21(1):12-16..
[18]徐政.联于弱交流系统的直流输电特性研究之二——直流输电的输送能力[J].电网技术,1997,21(3):1-4.XU Zheng.Characteristics of HVDC connected to weak AC systems part1:HVDC transmission capability[J].Power System Technology,1997,21(3):1-4.
[19]刘宝宏,马为民,殷威扬.青海—西藏±400 kV直流联网工程的启停方法设计[J].电力建设,2012,33(5):8-11.LIU Baohong,MA Weimin,YIN Weiyang.Start-stop method for Qinghai-Tibet DC interconnection project[J].Electric Power Construction,2012,33(5):8-11.
[20]邱伟,钟杰峰,伍文城.±800kV云广直流换流站无功补偿与配置方案[J].电网技术,2010,34(6):93-97.QIU Wei,ZHONG Jiefeng,WU Wencheng.Reactive power compensation scheme and it’s configuration for converter station of±800 kV DC power transmission project From Yunnan to Guandong[J].Power System Technology,2010,34(6):93-97.
[21]殷威扬,杨志栋.特高压直流工程无功平衡和补偿策略[J].高电压技术,2006,33(10):50-54.YIN Weiyang,YANG Zhidong.Study on reactive power balance and compensation strategy for UHVDC project[J].High Voltage Engineering,2006,33(10):50-54.
[22]肖鸣,傅闯.高压直流低负荷无功优化功能运行分析[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(5):91-95.XIAO Ming,FU Chuang.An operation analysis of HVDC low load reactive power optimization function[J].Automation of Electric Power System,2010,34(5):91-95.
[23]卢敬军,乐党救.±800 kV特高压直流换流站交流滤波器场地布置优化[J].电力建设,2010,31(1):26-33.LU Jingjun,LE Dangjiu.±800 kV UHV DC converter station AC filter yard layout optimization[J].Electric Power Construction,2010,31(1):26-33.