宛氏拟青霉提取物对樱桃萝卜产量及品质的影响
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摘要
为探讨植物内生菌宛氏拟青霉(Paecilomyces variotii)提取物对作物产量及品质的影响,以碧护(0.136%芸苔·吲乙·赤霉酸)、腐植酸钠、海藻酸为对照,通过对樱桃萝卜(Raphanus sativus L.var.radculus pers)浸种及灌根的基质栽培试验,探讨宛氏拟青霉提取物对萝卜块根产量、干物质积累量、根冠比,以及可溶性蛋白、过氧化物酶等指标的影响。结果表明,与清水处理相比,2.50μg·L~(-1)的宛氏拟青霉提取物和2.00×10~5μg·L~(-1)的腐植酸钠处理的萝卜块根产量分别显著提高64.2%和25.7%;1.00×10~5μg·L~(-1)的碧护与1.00×10~6μg·L~(-1)的海藻酸处理的萝卜块根产量分别显著降低45.8%和30.3%,其他浓度各处理的块根产量差异不显著。2.50μg·L~(-1)的宛氏拟青霉提取物处理的萝卜块根干物质积累量显著提高67.7%;2.50μg·L~(-1)的宛氏拟青霉提取物和2.00×10~5μg·L~(-1)的腐植酸钠处理的萝卜根冠比分别显著提高87.1%、60.9%。2.50μg·L~(-1)的宛氏拟青霉提取物处理的萝卜可溶性蛋白总量显著提高50.1%;2.00×10~5μg·L~(-1)碧护处理的萝卜过氧化物酶活性显著提高了31.3%。本试验条件下,2.50μg·L~(-1)的宛氏拟青霉提取物可显著提高樱桃萝卜块根产量、干物质积累量、根冠比和品质,其有效浓度仅为碧护和腐植酸钠浓度的约1/30 000,海藻酸浓度的约1/300 000,表明宛氏拟青霉提取物具有极高的生物活性和较低的应用成本。
In order to provide theoretical and technical basis for rational and efficient application of extracts from Paecilomyces variotii in practical production, the effects of extracts from Paecilomyces variotii in different concentrations on crop yield and quality were investigat?ed. Taking brassin-heteroauxin-gibberellic acid, sodium humate, alginic acid as controlled biostimulant or plant growth regulator, based on cherry radish(Raphanus sativus L. var.radculus pers)seed soaking and irrigation experiment, extracts from Paecilomyces variotii on radish yield, dry matter accumulation, root-shoot ratio, soluble protein and peroxidase were explored. Compared with the water treatment, the yields of 2.50 μg·L~(-1) extract from Paecilomyces variotii and 2.00×10~5μg·L~(-1) sodium humate treatments were significantly increased 64.2%and 25.7%, respectively. However, the yields of 1.00×10~5μg·L~(-1) brassin-heteroauxin-gibberellic acid and 1.00×10~6μg·L~(-1) alginic acid treatments were significantly reduced by 45.8% and 30.2%, respectively, with other concentrations of materials non-significant differences.Moreover, 2.50 μg·L~(-1) extract from Paecilomyces variotii treatment significantly improved the dry matter accumulation, root-shoot ratio by67.7%, 87.1%, with 2.00×10~5μg·L~(-1) sodium humate treatment significantly improved the root-shoot ratio by 60.9%. Besides, 2.50 μg·L~(-1) extract from Paecilomyces variotii treatment significantly improved the total soluble protein content by 50.1%. Moreover, the radish peroxi?dase activity of 2.00×10~5μg·L~(-1) brassin-heteroauxin-gibberellic acid treatment was significantly improved by 31.3%. Under the experi?mental condition, 2.50 μg·L~(-1) extract from Paecilomyces variotii could significantly improve the cherry radish yield, dry matter accumulation, root-shoot ratio and quality, it was only about 1/30 000 of the brassin-heteroauxin-gibberellic acid and sodium humate concentration,about 1/300 000 of the alginic acid concentration. Extract from Paecilomyces variotii has a very high biological activity, with low cost and great application prospect.
In order to provide theoretical and technical basis for rational and efficient application of extracts from Paecilomyces variotii in practical production, the effects of extracts from Paecilomyces variotii in different concentrations on crop yield and quality were investigat?ed. Taking brassin-heteroauxin-gibberellic acid, sodium humate, alginic acid as controlled biostimulant or plant growth regulator, based on cherry radish(Raphanus sativus L. var.radculus pers)seed soaking and irrigation experiment, extracts from Paecilomyces variotii on radish yield, dry matter accumulation, root-shoot ratio, soluble protein and peroxidase were explored. Compared with the water treatment, the yields of 2.50 μg·L~(-1) extract from Paecilomyces variotii and 2.00×10~5μg·L~(-1) sodium humate treatments were significantly increased 64.2%and 25.7%, respectively. However, the yields of 1.00×10~5μg·L~(-1) brassin-heteroauxin-gibberellic acid and 1.00×10~6μg·L~(-1) alginic acid treatments were significantly reduced by 45.8% and 30.2%, respectively, with other concentrations of materials non-significant differences.Moreover, 2.50 μg·L~(-1) extract from Paecilomyces variotii treatment significantly improved the dry matter accumulation, root-shoot ratio by67.7%, 87.1%, with 2.00×10~5μg·L~(-1) sodium humate treatment significantly improved the root-shoot ratio by 60.9%. Besides, 2.50 μg·L~(-1) extract from Paecilomyces variotii treatment significantly improved the total soluble protein content by 50.1%. Moreover, the radish peroxi?dase activity of 2.00×10~5μg·L~(-1) brassin-heteroauxin-gibberellic acid treatment was significantly improved by 31.3%. Under the experi?mental condition, 2.50 μg·L~(-1) extract from Paecilomyces variotii could significantly improve the cherry radish yield, dry matter accumulation, root-shoot ratio and quality, it was only about 1/30 000 of the brassin-heteroauxin-gibberellic acid and sodium humate concentration,about 1/300 000 of the alginic acid concentration. Extract from Paecilomyces variotii has a very high biological activity, with low cost and great application prospect.
引文
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[7]El-Mashad A A,Mohamed H I.Brassinolide alleviates salt stress and increases antioxidant activity of cowpea plants(Vigna sinensis)[J].Protoplasma,2012,249(3):625-635.
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[9]Clouse S D,Zurek D M,McMorris T C,et al.Effect of brassinolide on gene expression in elongating soybean epicotyls[J].Plant Physiology,1992,100(3):1377-1383.
[10]Vardhini B V,Rao S S R.Effect of brassinosteroids on growth,metabolite content and yield of arachis hypogaea[J].Phytochemistry,1998,48(6):927-930.
[11]周小毛,柏连阳,刘雪源,等.天然芸苔素内酯缓解胺苯磺隆对后茬水稻药害的作用机理初探[J].农药学学报,2003,5(1):61-67.ZHOU Xiao-mao,BAI Lian-yang,LIU Xue-yuan,et al.Studies on the mechanism of activity of brassinolide for reducing the phytotoxicity of ethametsulfuron on rice[J].Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,2003,5(1):61-67.
[12]张兴华,李捷.氯吡脲和芸苔素内酯对棉花田草甘膦药害的解毒效果[J].农药,2008,47(11):834-835.ZHANG Xing-hua,LI Jie.Detoxification effects of forchlorfen and brassins for glyphosate damage on the cotton[J].Agrochemicals,2008,47(11):834-835.
[13]安梦鱼,张青,章赞德,等.不同用量腐植酸对土壤有效硒含量和硒的形态以及大蒜硒吸收的影响[J].农业资源与环境学报,2017,34(2):128-133.AN Meng-Yu,ZHANG Qing,ZHANG Zan-de,et al.Effects of different amounts of humic acid on the content of soil available selenium,the forms of selenium and the selenium absorption in garlic[J].Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment,2017,34(2):128-133.
[14]马建军,邹德文,吴贺平,等.腐植酸钠对镉胁迫小麦幼苗生物效应的研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2005,13(2):91-93.MA Jian-jun,ZOU De-wen,WU He-ping,et al.Biological effect of sodium humate on the Cd-stressed wheat seedlings[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2005,13(2):91-93.
[15]袁天佑,冀建华,王俊忠,等.腐植酸与氮肥配施对冬小麦氮素吸收利用及产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(3):365-372.YUAN Tian-you,JI Jian-hua,WANG Jun-zhong,et al.Effect of combined application of humic acid and nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen uptake,utilization and yield of winter wheat[J].Chinese Journal of EcoAgriculture,2017,25(3):365-372.
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