玉米淀粉基碳微球的制备及电化学性能的研究
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摘要
以玉米淀粉为原料,经过乙酸镍处理后在不同温度下碳化,再用KOH对碳化材料进行活化,得到玉米淀粉基碳微球,该材料可做成超级电容器。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对实验样品形貌进行表征,并且进行了循环伏安、恒流充放电等电化学性能测试。SEM结果显示,原料玉米淀粉呈片状,而实验制得的玉米淀粉基碳微球具有良好的球形外貌,表面光滑平整。电化学性能结果显示,经900℃碳化并活化后的玉米淀粉基碳微球表现的电容特性最佳。在6mol/L KOH电解液中,200mV/s的扫描速度下,其循环伏安曲线仍能保持高度类矩形形状;在电流密度为1A/g恒流充放电下,其比容量高达116F/g,且经过500次充放电循环后,依然保持初始值的98%的比电容。结果表明,乙酸镍能促进淀粉球很好地形成球状的碳微球,且活化后的玉米淀粉基碳微球表面粗糙,产生了多孔结构,比表面积增大,电化学性能大大提高。
Corn starch was used as raw material,after carbonation the sample was activated by KOH.The corn starch-based carbon microspheres were made to the supercapacitor.The morphology of material was characterized using scanning electron microscope(SEM),carried out cyclic voltammetry,constant current charge and discharge,and other electrochemical performance test.The results of SEM showed that the original starch was flake,the microspheres had good spherical appearance and smooth surface.The results of electrochemical performance showed that the microspheres prepared by carbonation at 900℃ and then activating had the best capacitance characteristics.It showed good capacitance in 6 mol/L KOH electrolyte,and the cyclic voltammetry curve also remained as height was a rectangular shape at a scanning rate of 200 mV/s.When the constant current charging-discharging which the current density was 1 A/g,the specific capacity was up to 116 F/g and the capacitive retention ratio also was 98% after500 cycles.The results indicated that nickel acetate can promote the formation of spherical carbon microspheres,and after activation the microsphere surface was rough,resulting in porous structure,the specific surface area increased and the electrochemical performance was greatly improved.
Corn starch was used as raw material,after carbonation the sample was activated by KOH.The corn starch-based carbon microspheres were made to the supercapacitor.The morphology of material was characterized using scanning electron microscope(SEM),carried out cyclic voltammetry,constant current charge and discharge,and other electrochemical performance test.The results of SEM showed that the original starch was flake,the microspheres had good spherical appearance and smooth surface.The results of electrochemical performance showed that the microspheres prepared by carbonation at 900℃ and then activating had the best capacitance characteristics.It showed good capacitance in 6 mol/L KOH electrolyte,and the cyclic voltammetry curve also remained as height was a rectangular shape at a scanning rate of 200 mV/s.When the constant current charging-discharging which the current density was 1 A/g,the specific capacity was up to 116 F/g and the capacitive retention ratio also was 98% after500 cycles.The results indicated that nickel acetate can promote the formation of spherical carbon microspheres,and after activation the microsphere surface was rough,resulting in porous structure,the specific surface area increased and the electrochemical performance was greatly improved.
引文
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[5]Zhang Y,Gui Y,Wu X,et al.Preparation of nanostructures NiO and their electrochemical capacitive behaviors[J].Int JHydrog Energy,2009,34:2467-2470.
[6]Miller J R,Simon P.Inflammatory biomarkers and physical function in older,obese adults with knee pain and self-reported osteoarthritis after intensive weight-loss therapy[J].Science Magazine,2008,321:651.
[7]Maxwell T,Robert T.超级电容提供重要的高功率特性[J].电子产品世界,2004,22(20):83,86.
[8]Kuang Q,Jiang Z Y,Xie Z X,et al.High-energy-surface engineered metal oxide micro-and nanocrystallites and their applications[J].Acc Chem Res,2014,47:308-318.
[9]Jing M J,Hou H S,Yang Y C,et al.Electrochemically alternating voltage tuned Co2MnO4/Co hydroxide chloride for an asymmetric supercapacitor[J].Electrochim Acta,2015,165,198.
[10]李亚寅,曲炳蔚.新型储能装置-超级电化学电容器应用前景光明[J].中国电子商情:基础电子,2005,(12):61-64.
[11]Serp P,Feurer R,Kalck P,et al.A chemical vapour deposition process for the production of carbon nanospheres[J].Carbon,2001,39(4):621-626.
[12]Kaempgen M,Chan C K,Ma J,et al.Printable thin film supercapacitors using single-walled carbon nanotubes[J].Nano Lett,2009,9:1872-1876.
[13]Zhang L L,Zhou R,Zhao X S.Pillaring chemically exfoliated graphen oxide with carbon nanotubes for photocatalytic degradation of dyes under visible light irradiation[J].J Mater Chem,2010,4:7030-7036.
[14]沈曾民.新型碳材料[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003.
[15]Shuo Z,Wang C Y,Chen M M,et al.Preparatio of carbon spheres from potato starch and its stabilization mechamism[J].New Carbon Materials,2010,25(6):438-443.
[16]Sun G,Wang J,Li K,et al.Polystyrene-basde carbon spheres as electrode for electrochemical capacitors[J].Electrochimica Acta,2012.59:424-428.
[17]Zhang H,Zhao X,Ding X,et al.A study on the consecutive preparation of D-xylose and pure superfine silica from rice husk[J].2010,101(40):1263-1267.
[18]Titirici M M,Thomas A,Yu S H,et al.A directsynthesis of mesoporous carbons with bicontinuous porenorphology form crude plant material by hydrothermal carbonization[J].Chenmistry of Materials,2007,19(17):4205-4212.
[19]王芙蓉,李开喜,吕春祥,等.酚醛树脂基活性炭微球的电化学性能研究I.酚醛树脂基微球制备过程的研究[J].新型炭材料,2005,(1):58-62.
[20]Yu G,Xie X,Pan L,et al.Hybrid nanostructured materials forhigh-performance electrochemical capacitors[J].Nano Energy,2013:2:213-234.