不同林下栽培方式对灵芝生长和培养料碳素转化的影响
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摘要
通过设置露天(T1)和遮阴(T2)两种林下栽培灵芝试验,研究分析不同林下栽培方式对灵芝子实体产量、绝对生物学效率、主要活性成分以及培养料碳素转化的影响,并监测子实体发育阶段CO_2排放通量的变化。结果表明:与T1栽培方式相比,T2栽培方式灵芝的子实体产量和绝对生物学效率平均高出36.76%,总三萜酸含量平均高出17.67%,而多糖含量平均低25.30%,并且其间的差异达显著性水平。同时,T2处理的灵芝子实体碳素转化率平均高出48.56%,碳素损失率平均高出28.96%,菌渣残留率平均低25.62%。在子实体发育阶段T2栽培方式下CO_2平均排放通量平均高出46.23%,与环境空气湿度呈显著负相关,其相关系数为0.24。
The effects of different cultivation patterns on yield, absolute biological efficiency, major bioactive components of Ganoderma lucidum and carbon transformation of culture medium were studied and analyzed by setting outdoor(T1) and undergrowth shade(T2) treatment, meanwhile, CO_2 emission flux during fruit body growth stage was monitored. The average yield, absolute biological efficiency and triterpene acids content in T2 treatment was 36.76%, 36.76% and 17.67% higher, and the average polysaccharide content was 25.30% lower than that in T1 treatment, respectively. The solid carbon transformation rate, the carbon loss rate was 48.56%, 28.96% higher, and the residue rate was 25.62% lower than that in T1 treatment, respectively. The average CO_2 emission flux in T2 treatment was 46.23% higher than that in T1 treatment during fruit body growth stage. There was a significant negative correlation between CO2 emission flux and air humidity, with a correlation coefficient 0.24.
The effects of different cultivation patterns on yield, absolute biological efficiency, major bioactive components of Ganoderma lucidum and carbon transformation of culture medium were studied and analyzed by setting outdoor(T1) and undergrowth shade(T2) treatment, meanwhile, CO_2 emission flux during fruit body growth stage was monitored. The average yield, absolute biological efficiency and triterpene acids content in T2 treatment was 36.76%, 36.76% and 17.67% higher, and the average polysaccharide content was 25.30% lower than that in T1 treatment, respectively. The solid carbon transformation rate, the carbon loss rate was 48.56%, 28.96% higher, and the residue rate was 25.62% lower than that in T1 treatment, respectively. The average CO_2 emission flux in T2 treatment was 46.23% higher than that in T1 treatment during fruit body growth stage. There was a significant negative correlation between CO2 emission flux and air humidity, with a correlation coefficient 0.24.
引文
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[6]张舒峰,马天宇,韩春姬. 3种不同来源灵芝活性成分比较及提取工艺优选[J].延边大学农学学报,2014,36(4):336-341.
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[17]叶鹏飞,张美萍,王康宇,等.灵芝主要成分及其药理作用的研究进展综述[J].食药用菌, 2013, 21(3):158-161.
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[22]王华.秋季灵芝高产栽培技术要点[J].乡村科技,2016,25:26.
[23]钱磊,张志军,周永斌,等.光对食用菌生长的影响[J].天津农业科学, 2017, 23(7):103-106.
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[26]黄璐琦,郭兰萍.环境胁迫下次生代谢产物的积累及道地药材的形成[J].中国中药杂志, 2007, 32(4):277-280.
[27]李宜丰.食用菌的碳素营养[J].食用菌, 1983, 5(5):27.
[28]肖生美.食用菌栽培过程碳素物质转化及CO2排放规律的研究[D].福州:福建农林大学, 2013.
[29]牛福文,印桂玲,刘保增.黑木耳栽培期两种培养基主要组分的降解和有关酶活的变化[J].微生物学通报,1990,17(4):201-204.
[30]杨佩玉,郑时利,林心坚,等.不同层次发酵料的微生物群落与草菇产量关系的探讨[J].中国食用菌,1990,9(4):19-20.
[31]王义祥,高凌飞,叶菁,等.菌渣垫料堆肥过程碳素物质转化规律[J].农业工程学报, 2016, 32(s2):292-296.
[32]李玉,于海龙,周峰,等.光照对食用菌生长发育影响的研究进展[J].食用菌, 2011, 33(2):3-4.
[33]吴惧,徐锦堂.光对灵芝生长发育的影响[J].中国药学杂志, 1990, 25(2):76-78.
[34]袁学军,陈永敢,陈光宙,等.不同光照和栽培基质对灵芝活性成分的影响[J].中国食用菌, 2012, 31(6):38-39.
[2]吕超田,姚向阳,孙程.灵芝主要活性物质及其药理作用研究进展[J].安徽农学通报, 2011, 17(1):50-51, 94.
[3]金鑫,刘宗敏,黄羽佳,等.我国灵芝栽培现状及发展趋势[J].食药用菌, 2016, 24(1):33-37.
[4]樊丽.灵芝人工栽培方法专利技术[J].吉林农业,2016(20):109.
[5]王灿琴,覃晓娟,吴圣进,等.大棚与林下仿野生栽培灵芝比较试验[J].食用菌, 2015, 37(6):40-41.
[6]张舒峰,马天宇,韩春姬. 3种不同来源灵芝活性成分比较及提取工艺优选[J].延边大学农学学报,2014,36(4):336-341.
[7]覃晓娟,何忠,仇惠君,等.不同产地仿野生生态栽培灵芝主要活性成分比较[J].湖南农业科学,2016(7):73-74, 78.
[8]潘庆松,韦淑花.林下仿野生灵芝高产栽培技术[J].农业与技术, 2013, 33(5):64, 75.
[9]韦淑花,张雪芬,潘庆松.融水县“成林杉树套种灵芝”效益显著[J].吉林农业, 2012(7):125.
[10]金鑫,刘宗敏,黄羽佳,等.我国灵芝栽培现状及发展趋势[J].食用药菌, 2016, 24(1):33-37.
[11]黄卓忠,韦仕岩,王灿琴,等.灵芝仿生态优质高效栽培技术[J].食用菌, 2013, 35(1):44-45.
[12]周州,余梦瑶,江南,等.我国灵芝栽培研究近况及其未来发展趋势探讨[J].中国食用菌, 2017, 36(4):5-7.
[13]张婧,杜阿朋.我国林下食用菌栽培管理技术研究[J].桉树科技, 2014, 31(4):55-60.
[14]金鑫,刘宗敏,黄羽佳,等.我国灵芝栽培现状及发展趋势[J].食用药菌, 2016, 24(1):33-37.
[15]肖生美.食用菌栽培过程中碳素物质转化及CO2排放规律的研究[D].福州:福建农林大学, 2013.
[16]王云,周林,张昕艳.灵芝的营养药用价值和生物学特性[J].山西农业科学, 1989(7):27-28.
[17]叶鹏飞,张美萍,王康宇,等.灵芝主要成分及其药理作用的研究进展综述[J].食药用菌, 2013, 21(3):158-161.
[18]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 1999.
[19]康洁,陈若芸.近10年药用真菌成分及活性研究进展[J].中国药学杂志, 2005, 24(4):6-11.
[20]王义祥,叶菁,肖生美,等.铺料厚度对双孢蘑菇栽培过程酶活性和CO2排放的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2015, 34(12):2418-2425.
[21]铃木彰,王波.食用菌子实体发育与环境的关系[J].国外农学:国外食用菌, 1990, 4:36-38.
[22]王华.秋季灵芝高产栽培技术要点[J].乡村科技,2016,25:26.
[23]钱磊,张志军,周永斌,等.光对食用菌生长的影响[J].天津农业科学, 2017, 23(7):103-106.
[24]吴惧,徐锦堂.光对灵芝生长发育的影响[J].中国药学杂志, 1990, 25(2):76-78.
[25]袁学军,陈永敢,陈光宙,等.不同光照和栽培基质对灵芝活性成分的影响[J].中国食用菌, 2012, 31(6):38-39, 43.
[26]黄璐琦,郭兰萍.环境胁迫下次生代谢产物的积累及道地药材的形成[J].中国中药杂志, 2007, 32(4):277-280.
[27]李宜丰.食用菌的碳素营养[J].食用菌, 1983, 5(5):27.
[28]肖生美.食用菌栽培过程碳素物质转化及CO2排放规律的研究[D].福州:福建农林大学, 2013.
[29]牛福文,印桂玲,刘保增.黑木耳栽培期两种培养基主要组分的降解和有关酶活的变化[J].微生物学通报,1990,17(4):201-204.
[30]杨佩玉,郑时利,林心坚,等.不同层次发酵料的微生物群落与草菇产量关系的探讨[J].中国食用菌,1990,9(4):19-20.
[31]王义祥,高凌飞,叶菁,等.菌渣垫料堆肥过程碳素物质转化规律[J].农业工程学报, 2016, 32(s2):292-296.
[32]李玉,于海龙,周峰,等.光照对食用菌生长发育影响的研究进展[J].食用菌, 2011, 33(2):3-4.
[33]吴惧,徐锦堂.光对灵芝生长发育的影响[J].中国药学杂志, 1990, 25(2):76-78.
[34]袁学军,陈永敢,陈光宙,等.不同光照和栽培基质对灵芝活性成分的影响[J].中国食用菌, 2012, 31(6):38-39.