《墨子》中的为官之道探析
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摘要
墨子所论述的为官之道主要有三个方面的内容。首先,立官为公,为官亦为公,各级官职的设置和官员的选任都是为了维护天下人的公利。其次,只有德才兼备的贤良之士才能担当官吏这个角色,人们必须先为贤然后才能为官。再次,为官者应该忠于职守,作为君王的臣子要尚同其上、勇于进谏、弗击自鸣;作为百姓的管理者则要勤于政务、兼爱万民。墨子的为官之道表达了普通民众对官员的认知和期待,其大公无私、忠于职守、勤政爱民的精神,在后世官道思想中绵延不绝,对现代官德的建设依然具有重要的借鉴意义。
The way of being an official discussed by Mozi includes three aspects. First of all, he believes that the appointment of officials is for the sake of public interests. Officials at all levels are set up and appointed in order to safeguard the public interests of the people. Secondly, only virtuous people with both ability and political integrity can play the role of officials. People must be virtuous before they can become officials. Thirdly, he proposes that the officials should be loyal to their duties. They should be loyal to and bravely admonish their monarchs, and have enterprise. They should also be diligent in government affairs and take good care of the people. Mozi's methods express the common people's understanding of and expectation for officials. The spirit of selflessness, loyalty to duties, diligence in government affairs and love for the people have been continuing in the later methods of official moral, and still has important implications to the construction of modern official moral.
The way of being an official discussed by Mozi includes three aspects. First of all, he believes that the appointment of officials is for the sake of public interests. Officials at all levels are set up and appointed in order to safeguard the public interests of the people. Secondly, only virtuous people with both ability and political integrity can play the role of officials. People must be virtuous before they can become officials. Thirdly, he proposes that the officials should be loyal to their duties. They should be loyal to and bravely admonish their monarchs, and have enterprise. They should also be diligent in government affairs and take good care of the people. Mozi's methods express the common people's understanding of and expectation for officials. The spirit of selflessness, loyalty to duties, diligence in government affairs and love for the people have been continuing in the later methods of official moral, and still has important implications to the construction of modern official moral.
引文
[1]郭哲.老子的智慧与为官之道[J].理论与改革,2000(2).
[2]李俊岭.论《老子》的为官之道[J].西安社会科学,2008(4).
[3]林东民.品味孔子的“为官”之道[J].福州党校学报,2012(3).
[4]王怡梦.孟、庄“为官之道”比较研究[D].曲阜师范大学硕士学位论文,2015.
[5]谭家健.墨子研究[M].贵阳:贵州教育出版社,1995.
[6]刘泽华.中国政治思想通史(先秦卷)[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2014.
[7]郭沫若.青铜时代[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2005.
[8]罗世烈.墨家的专制主义[J].四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版),1999(5).
[9]钱永生.墨子人本思想的结构[J].湖南大学学报(社会科学版),2009(1).
[10][汉]许慎撰,[清]段玉裁注.说文解字注[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1981.
①本文所引《墨子》文字皆出自(清)孙诒让撰、孙启治点校《墨子闲诂》,中华书局,2001年版。以下引文凡出自《墨子》者,均只注篇名。
[2]李俊岭.论《老子》的为官之道[J].西安社会科学,2008(4).
[3]林东民.品味孔子的“为官”之道[J].福州党校学报,2012(3).
[4]王怡梦.孟、庄“为官之道”比较研究[D].曲阜师范大学硕士学位论文,2015.
[5]谭家健.墨子研究[M].贵阳:贵州教育出版社,1995.
[6]刘泽华.中国政治思想通史(先秦卷)[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2014.
[7]郭沫若.青铜时代[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2005.
[8]罗世烈.墨家的专制主义[J].四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版),1999(5).
[9]钱永生.墨子人本思想的结构[J].湖南大学学报(社会科学版),2009(1).
[10][汉]许慎撰,[清]段玉裁注.说文解字注[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1981.
①本文所引《墨子》文字皆出自(清)孙诒让撰、孙启治点校《墨子闲诂》,中华书局,2001年版。以下引文凡出自《墨子》者,均只注篇名。