行动者网络、规则体系与社会嵌入:“碳锁定”的制度化
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摘要
"碳锁定"是阻碍低碳技术扩散和低碳经济发展的重要原因。制度因素是碳锁定形成的重要导因,因此从制度层面解释碳锁定的形成机理有助于探寻碳解锁的根本路径。文章从行动者网络、规则体系和社会嵌入三个方面分析"碳锁定"的制度化机理。研究表明:碳基技术体制的行动者群体内部的趋同压力,以及不同技术行动者群体之间的协调压力可能阻碍碳基技术的低碳化替代;规则体系是碳基技术体制最"深层次的结构",会对碳基技术经济实践产生认知性锁定效应;"社会嵌入"机制会导致碳基技术体制与其相互嵌套的社会系统产生互补性,进而强化"碳锁定"。
"Carbon lock-in" is main hindrance to the diffusion of low carbon technologies and the development of low-carbon economy. The emergence of "carbon lock-in" means the establishment and strengthening of carbon-based technological regime. It is indicated that institutional factors are substantively contributed to "carbon lock-in", and it is essential to reveal the institutionalization of carbon lock-in to find out the way of the "carbon unlocking". However, the former literatures focus on the technological perspective of the dynamic mechanism of carbon lock-in. In this paper, the institutionalization of "carbon lock-in" is analyzed from three aspects of agent networks, the rule system and society embeddedness. Study result indicates that: In the process of institutionalization of "carbon lock-in", the convergence mechanism in the technological actor groups and the coordination mechanism among actor groups, cognitive lock-in to technological practices rooted in "shared belief" of rule system, and complementarity caused by social embedded-ness between carbon-based technological regime and social systems are hindrances to the transition from carbon-based technologies to low carbon ones.
"Carbon lock-in" is main hindrance to the diffusion of low carbon technologies and the development of low-carbon economy. The emergence of "carbon lock-in" means the establishment and strengthening of carbon-based technological regime. It is indicated that institutional factors are substantively contributed to "carbon lock-in", and it is essential to reveal the institutionalization of carbon lock-in to find out the way of the "carbon unlocking". However, the former literatures focus on the technological perspective of the dynamic mechanism of carbon lock-in. In this paper, the institutionalization of "carbon lock-in" is analyzed from three aspects of agent networks, the rule system and society embeddedness. Study result indicates that: In the process of institutionalization of "carbon lock-in", the convergence mechanism in the technological actor groups and the coordination mechanism among actor groups, cognitive lock-in to technological practices rooted in "shared belief" of rule system, and complementarity caused by social embedded-ness between carbon-based technological regime and social systems are hindrances to the transition from carbon-based technologies to low carbon ones.
引文
[1]李宏伟,杨梅锦.低碳经济中的“碳锁定”问题与“碳锁定”治理体系[J].科技进步与对策,2013(15):41-45.
[2]屈锡华,杨梅锦,申毛毛.我国经济发展中的“碳锁定”成因及“解锁”策略[J].科技管理研究,2013(7):201-204.
[3]Unruh G C. Understanding carbon lock-in[J]. Energy Policy,2000, 28(12):817-830.
[4]杨玲萍,吕涛.我国碳锁定原因分析及解锁策略[J].工业技术经济,2011(4):151-157.
[5]李宏伟.“碳锁定”与低碳技术制度的路径演化[J].科技进步与对策,2012(13):101-106.
[6]王岑.“碳锁定”与技术创新的“解锁”途径[J].中共福建省委党校学报,2011(11):61-67.
[7]张莎莎,张建华.低碳经济技术锁定突破研究[J].技术经济与管理研究, 2011(10):67-70.
[8]张贵群,张彦通.碳基技术锁定效应下的低碳技术应用与推广策略研究[J].苏州大学学报,2013(5):125-129.
[9]郭进,徐盈之.基于技术进步视角的我国碳锁定与碳解锁路径研究[J].中国科技论坛, 2015(1):113-118.
[10]李宏伟.“碳锁定”与“碳解锁”研究:技术体制的视角[J].中国软科学,2013(4):39-49.
[11]周苏.电动汽车简史[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2010.
[12]林平.汽车史话[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[13]Geels F W. From sectoral systems of innovation to socio-technical systems:Insights about dynamics and change from sociology and institutional theory[J]. Research Policy, 2004, 33(6):897-920.
[14]Kemp R, Schot J, Hoogma R. Regime shifts to sustainability through processes of niche formation:The approach of strategic nichemanagement[J].TechnologyAnalysis&Strategic Management, 1998, 10(2):175-198.
[15]Burns T R, Flam H. The shaping of social organization:Social rule system theory with applications[M]. London:Sage Publications Ltd, 1987.
[16]青木昌彦.比较制度分析[M].周黎安,译.上海:上海远东出版社,2001.
[17]黄凯南.主观博弈论与制度内生演化[J].经济研究,2010(4):134-146.
[18]Hughes T P. The evolution of large system[M]//Bijker W,Hughes T P, Pinch T. The social construction of technological systems:Newdirectionsinthesociologyandhistoryof technology. Massachusetts:MIT Press, 1987.
[19]赵付春,凌鸿.基于互补性理论的企业信息资源匹配度研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2009(12):2383-2390.
[20]Cowan R, Hultén S. Escaping lock-in:The case of the electric vehicle[J]. Technological Forecasting&Social Change, 1996,53(1):61-79.
[2]屈锡华,杨梅锦,申毛毛.我国经济发展中的“碳锁定”成因及“解锁”策略[J].科技管理研究,2013(7):201-204.
[3]Unruh G C. Understanding carbon lock-in[J]. Energy Policy,2000, 28(12):817-830.
[4]杨玲萍,吕涛.我国碳锁定原因分析及解锁策略[J].工业技术经济,2011(4):151-157.
[5]李宏伟.“碳锁定”与低碳技术制度的路径演化[J].科技进步与对策,2012(13):101-106.
[6]王岑.“碳锁定”与技术创新的“解锁”途径[J].中共福建省委党校学报,2011(11):61-67.
[7]张莎莎,张建华.低碳经济技术锁定突破研究[J].技术经济与管理研究, 2011(10):67-70.
[8]张贵群,张彦通.碳基技术锁定效应下的低碳技术应用与推广策略研究[J].苏州大学学报,2013(5):125-129.
[9]郭进,徐盈之.基于技术进步视角的我国碳锁定与碳解锁路径研究[J].中国科技论坛, 2015(1):113-118.
[10]李宏伟.“碳锁定”与“碳解锁”研究:技术体制的视角[J].中国软科学,2013(4):39-49.
[11]周苏.电动汽车简史[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2010.
[12]林平.汽车史话[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[13]Geels F W. From sectoral systems of innovation to socio-technical systems:Insights about dynamics and change from sociology and institutional theory[J]. Research Policy, 2004, 33(6):897-920.
[14]Kemp R, Schot J, Hoogma R. Regime shifts to sustainability through processes of niche formation:The approach of strategic nichemanagement[J].TechnologyAnalysis&Strategic Management, 1998, 10(2):175-198.
[15]Burns T R, Flam H. The shaping of social organization:Social rule system theory with applications[M]. London:Sage Publications Ltd, 1987.
[16]青木昌彦.比较制度分析[M].周黎安,译.上海:上海远东出版社,2001.
[17]黄凯南.主观博弈论与制度内生演化[J].经济研究,2010(4):134-146.
[18]Hughes T P. The evolution of large system[M]//Bijker W,Hughes T P, Pinch T. The social construction of technological systems:Newdirectionsinthesociologyandhistoryof technology. Massachusetts:MIT Press, 1987.
[19]赵付春,凌鸿.基于互补性理论的企业信息资源匹配度研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2009(12):2383-2390.
[20]Cowan R, Hultén S. Escaping lock-in:The case of the electric vehicle[J]. Technological Forecasting&Social Change, 1996,53(1):61-79.