祖厉河流域水体盐分空间分布特征及演化过程
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摘要
运用水化学方法,通过对祖厉河这一黄河上游重要支流的多次实地考察和采样,结合区域水文地质条件,对祖厉河流域水体盐分的空间变化特征进行分析,并揭示流域水体的演化过程。结果表明,流域水体TDS普遍较高,总体以咸水为主。水中阳离子以Na~+为主,阴离子则以Cl-、SO_4~(2-)为主。水化学类型方面,源区地下水以Mg-Ca-Na-HCO_3型水为主,河水则以Na-Mg-Cl-SO_4型水为主。流域内水体盐分主要来源于阳离子交替吸附作用、上游地下水淋滤地层盐分后以泉的形式向河流排泄以及河流径流过程中侵蚀两岸高盐分土壤或含盐地层。径流过程中,当地干旱的气候环境使水体进一步蒸发浓缩,这是流域内水体TDS进一步增高的外在水化学演化过程。总之,由于多种来源的盐分,特别是源区高TDS地下水排泄、流域内强烈的土壤侵蚀以及干旱的气候条件等多重作用过程,是祖厉河TDS显著增高失去水资源功能的主要机制。
The hydrochemical investigation and sampling were carried out in the Zuli River, one of the tributaries in the upper Yellow River. This paper analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics and evolution process of the salty water in the Zuli River Basin. The results show that the TDS of the water body in the Zuli River Basin is generally high, and the water is salty. The hydrochemical types of groundwater samples from the source area are dominated by the Mg-Ca-Na-HCO3. River samples are highly mineralized and dominated by the Na-Mg-Cl-SO4 type. The high salinity in the Zuli River Basin is characterized of the cation exchange and absorption, the groundwater discharge into the river after leaching salt stratum in the upstream, and eroding the soil salts in both sides of the river. During the runoff process, the arid climate makes the water body further evaporating and concentrating, which is the external hydrochemical evolutionary process of the TDS further increasing in the catchment. In short, the multiple sources of salinity, especially the high TDS groundwater discharge of the source area, the strong soil erosion and arid climate in the basin, are the main reasons causing the loss of water resources function and the significant increase of TDS.
The hydrochemical investigation and sampling were carried out in the Zuli River, one of the tributaries in the upper Yellow River. This paper analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics and evolution process of the salty water in the Zuli River Basin. The results show that the TDS of the water body in the Zuli River Basin is generally high, and the water is salty. The hydrochemical types of groundwater samples from the source area are dominated by the Mg-Ca-Na-HCO3. River samples are highly mineralized and dominated by the Na-Mg-Cl-SO4 type. The high salinity in the Zuli River Basin is characterized of the cation exchange and absorption, the groundwater discharge into the river after leaching salt stratum in the upstream, and eroding the soil salts in both sides of the river. During the runoff process, the arid climate makes the water body further evaporating and concentrating, which is the external hydrochemical evolutionary process of the TDS further increasing in the catchment. In short, the multiple sources of salinity, especially the high TDS groundwater discharge of the source area, the strong soil erosion and arid climate in the basin, are the main reasons causing the loss of water resources function and the significant increase of TDS.
引文
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[23]张人权,梁杏,靳孟贵,等.水文地质学基础(第六版)[M].北京:地质出版社,2011:62.(ZHANG Renquan,LIANG Xing,JIN Menggui,et al.Foundations of Hydrology(6th Edition)[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2011:62.(in Chinese))
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[26]钱会,马致远,李培月.水文地球化学(第二版)[M].北京:地质出版社,2012:45-46.(QIAN Hui,MA Zhiyuan,LI Peiyue.Hydrogeochemistry(2nd Edition)[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2012:45-46.(in Chinese))
[2]Bouksila F,Bahri A,Berndtsson R,et al.Assessment of soil salinization risks under irrigation with brackish water in semiarid Tunisia[J].Environment and Experimental Botany,2013,92:176-185.
[3]韩宇平,阮本清.水资源短缺风险经济损失评估研究[J].水利学报,2007,(38):1253-1257.(HAN Yuping,RUAN Benqing.Economic loss assessment of shortage risk of water resources[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2007,(38):1253-1257.(in Chinese))
[4]柯浩成,牛最荣,王启优.甘肃省苦咸水淡化利用现状及淡化技术初探[J].地下水,2015,(3):42-44.(KE Haocheng,NIU Zuirong,WANG Qiyou.Present situation and desalination technology of brackish water in Gansu province[J].Groundwater,2015,(3):42-44.(in Chinese))
[5]谭锡畴,李春昱.四川盐产概论[J].地质报告,1933,22.(TAN Xichou,LI Chunyu.Introduction to the salt mine in Sichuan province[J].Geological Report,1933,22.(in Chinese))
[6]林斯澄.四川卤矿及岩盐成因之探讨[J].地质论评,1937,2(4).(LIN Sicheng.Discussion on the causes of halite and salt mine in Sichuan province[J].Geological Commentary,1937,2(4).(in Chinese))
[7]沈照理,刘光亚,杨成田,等.水文地质学[M].北京:科学出版社,1985.(SHEN Zhaoli,LIU Guangya,YANG Chengtian,et al.Hydrogeology[M].Beijing:Science Press,1985.(in Chinese))
[8]李悦言.四川盐矿志[J].地质论评,1940,5(6).(LI Yueyan.The history of salt mine in Sichuan province[J].Geological Commentary,1940,5(6).(in Chinese))
[9]Intissar Farid,Kamel Zouari,Adel Rigane.Origin of the groundwater salinity and geochemical processes in detrital and carbonate aquifers:case of Chougafiya basin(Central Tunisia)[J].Journal of Hydrology,2015,530:508-532.
[10]薛禹群,吴吉春,谢春红,等.莱州湾沿岸海水入侵与咸水入侵研究[J].科学通报,1997,(22):2360-2368.(XUE Yuqun,WU Jichun,XIE Chunhong,et al.Study on seawater intrusion and salt water intrusion along Laizhou bay coast[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1997,(22):2360-2368.(in Chinese))
[11]韩通,陈少勇,乔立.祖厉河流域近50a降水变化及典型人类活动对降水的影响[J].干旱气象,2009,(3):220-226.(HAN Tong,CHEN Shaoyong,QIAO Li.Rainfall variation in Zuli River basin in the past 50 years and influence of typical human activities[J].Journal of Arid Meteorology,2009,(3):220-226.(in Chinese))
[12]牛富霞,任东.祖厉河流域径流的年内分布变化研究[J].甘肃科技,2009,(21):43-44.(NIU Fuxia,REN Dong.Study on the annual distribution of runoff in Zuli River basin[J].Gansu Science and Technology,2009,(21):43-44.(in Chinese))
[13]罗从双,谌文武,韩文峰.冷冻法净化苦咸水的实验[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2010,(2):6-10.(LUO Congshuang,CHEN Wenwu,HAN Wenfeng.Desalination of brackish water through freezing[J].Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences),2010,(2):6-10.(in Chinese))
[14]Yang Y F,Han J M.Study on ecological poverty of Gansu province[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2008,4:109-112.
[15]张正强.浅析祖厉河流域水沙特性及其变化趋势[J].甘肃水利水电技术,2004,(1):53-54.(ZHANG Zhengqiang.Analysis on characteristics of water and sediment in Zuli River basin and its changing trend[J].Gansu Water Conservancy and Hydropower Technology,2004,(1):53-54.(in Chinese))
[16]罗从双.祖厉河流域水—土盐化及苦咸水淡化研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2010.(LUO Congshuang.The Study of the Water-soil Salinization and Brackish Water Desalinization in Zuli River Basin[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2010.(in Chinese))
[17]舒良树.普通地质学[M].北京:地质出版社,2010:238-239.(SHU Liangshu.Physical Geology[M].Beijing:Geology Publishing House,2010:238-239.(in Chinese))
[18]王双合,胡兴林,蓝永超,等.甘肃省苦咸水资源量及时空分布规律研究[J].中国沙漠,2009,(5):995-1002.(WANG Shuanghe,HU Xinglin,LAN Yongchao,et al.Bitter-salty water resources amount and its distribution in Gansu province[J].Journal of Desert Research,2009,(5):995-1002.(in Chinese))
[19]卜秋霞.甘肃省中部干旱地区苦咸水灌区土壤次生盐渍化分析[J].甘肃农业,2004,(12):66.(BU Qiuxia.Analysis of soil secondary salinization in brackish water irrigation area:an example from the central area of Gansu province[J].Gansu Agriculture,2004,(12):66.(in Chinese))
[20]李群,穆伊舟.黄河流域水化学特征分布规律及对比研究[J].人民黄河,2006,28(11):26-27.(LI Qun,MU Yizhou.Study on distribution law and c ontrast of chemical characteristics of water of the Yellow River basin[J].Yellow River,2006,28(11):26-27.(in Chinese))
[21]Dansgaard W.Stable isotopes in precipitation[J].Tellus,1964,16:6-468.
[22]周迅,叶永红.地下水舒卡列夫水化学分类法的改进及应用—以福建省晋江市地下水为例[J].资源调查与环境,2014,(4):299-304.(ZHOU Xun,YE Yonghong.Improvement and application of Schukalev groundwater hydrochemical classification methods:taking groundwaters in Jinjiang city,Fujian province as an example[J].Resources Survey and Environment,2014,(4):299-304.(in Chinese))
[23]张人权,梁杏,靳孟贵,等.水文地质学基础(第六版)[M].北京:地质出版社,2011:62.(ZHANG Renquan,LIANG Xing,JIN Menggui,et al.Foundations of Hydrology(6th Edition)[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2011:62.(in Chinese))
[24]Gibbs JR.Mechanisms controlling world water chemistry[J].Science,1970,170:1088-1090.
[25]王晓艳,李忠勤,周平,等.天山哈密榆树沟流域春洪期水化学特征及其控制因素研究[J].干旱区地理,2014,(5):922-930.(WANG Xiaoyan,LI Zhongqin,ZHOU Ping,et al.River water chemical characteristics and controls during the spring flood period in Yushugou basin,Hami,eastern Tianshan mountains,China[J].Land Geography,2014,(5):922-930.(in Chinese))
[26]钱会,马致远,李培月.水文地球化学(第二版)[M].北京:地质出版社,2012:45-46.(QIAN Hui,MA Zhiyuan,LI Peiyue.Hydrogeochemistry(2nd Edition)[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2012:45-46.(in Chinese))