南充市辖区近15年植被覆盖度变化特征
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摘要
植被覆盖度是自然条件和社会经济活动的综合反映,研究一个区域植被覆盖度的时空变化对于认识该地区的社会发展状况、制定更加合理的生态环境政策、实现经济可持续发展具有重要意义。基于2002年Landsat 7 ETM、2014年Landsat8影像和DEM数据,利用ENVI和ArcGIS软件进行处理,运用归一化植被指数(NDVI)方法对南充市辖区植被覆盖度进行估算,并划分为5个不同盖度等级。根据DEM数据提取海拔、坡度和坡向因子,然后将植被覆盖度图与海拔、坡度、坡向图进行叠加,定量分析了南充市辖区植被的空间分布特征及其变化情况。结果表明,南充市辖区植被覆盖度在2002—2014年总体变化不大,其中以Ⅴ级(fc≥0.8)植被覆盖度为主,其覆盖面积达42.49%。2002—2014年,Ⅳ级和Ⅴ级增加了60 km~2和191 km~2,增幅率分别为7.61%和21.39%,而Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ级分别减少了84 km~2、124 km~2和42 km~2,降幅为31.7%、56.62%和10.91%。其中植被集中分布在海拔300 m—400 m和坡度2°—6°的地带,植被覆盖度坡向差异呈现半阳坡>半阴坡>阳坡>阴坡的特征。
Vegetation coverage is a combination of natural conditions and socio-economic activities. Studying the temporal and spatial variation of vegetation coverage of a region is significant for understanding the social development in the region, formulating a more rational ecological and environmental policy and realizing sustainable economic development. In this paper, we chose Landsat 7 ETM in 2002, Landsat 8 images in 2014 and DEM as data sources, and used ENVI and ArcGIS software to process them. The NDVI method was used to estimate the vegetation coverage of Nanchong Jurisdiction and divided into five different Cover levels. According to the DEM data, altitude, slope and aspect factors were extracted. Then, the vegetation coverage maps were overlaid with the altitude,slope and aspect maps to quantitatively analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of vegetation in Nanchong Jurisdiction and the changes. Results showed that the overall vegetation coverage in Nanchong Jurisdiction was almost unchanged from 2002 to 2014, of which the vegetation coverage of Grade V(fc≥0.8) was the dominant factor, accounting for more than 42.49%. IV andⅤwere increased by 60 and 191 km~2, respectively, with increases of 7.61% and 21.39%.While Levels I, II and III were decreased by 84 km~2,124 km~2 and 42 km~2 respectively, with decreases of 31.7%, 56.62% and 10.91%. The vegetation coverage was mainly distributed at elevations of 300-400 m, on slopes of 2°-6°. And the differences of vegetation coverage in slope direction show the characteristics of semi-sunny slope > semi-shady slope > sunny slope > shady slope.
Vegetation coverage is a combination of natural conditions and socio-economic activities. Studying the temporal and spatial variation of vegetation coverage of a region is significant for understanding the social development in the region, formulating a more rational ecological and environmental policy and realizing sustainable economic development. In this paper, we chose Landsat 7 ETM in 2002, Landsat 8 images in 2014 and DEM as data sources, and used ENVI and ArcGIS software to process them. The NDVI method was used to estimate the vegetation coverage of Nanchong Jurisdiction and divided into five different Cover levels. According to the DEM data, altitude, slope and aspect factors were extracted. Then, the vegetation coverage maps were overlaid with the altitude,slope and aspect maps to quantitatively analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of vegetation in Nanchong Jurisdiction and the changes. Results showed that the overall vegetation coverage in Nanchong Jurisdiction was almost unchanged from 2002 to 2014, of which the vegetation coverage of Grade V(fc≥0.8) was the dominant factor, accounting for more than 42.49%. IV andⅤwere increased by 60 and 191 km~2, respectively, with increases of 7.61% and 21.39%.While Levels I, II and III were decreased by 84 km~2,124 km~2 and 42 km~2 respectively, with decreases of 31.7%, 56.62% and 10.91%. The vegetation coverage was mainly distributed at elevations of 300-400 m, on slopes of 2°-6°. And the differences of vegetation coverage in slope direction show the characteristics of semi-sunny slope > semi-shady slope > sunny slope > shady slope.
引文
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[23]赵翠娥,丁文荣.基于ENVI和GIS技术的龙川江流域植被覆盖度动态监测[J].林业调查规划,2013,38(05):14-18+44.
[24]肖骁,李京忠,韩彬,等.东北老工业区植被覆盖度时空特征及城市化关联分析[J].生态科学,2017,36(06):71-77.
[25]烟贯发,万鲁河,温智虹,等.基于RS和DEM的长白山天池植被分布的坡度坡向分析[J].测绘通报,2012(S1):233-236,239.
[2]袁静文.宜昌地区植被信息提取与变化检测研究[J].交通科技与经济,2014,16(04):117-120.
[3]左伟著.基于RS、GIS的区域生态安全综合评价研究[M].北京:测绘出版社,2004..
[4]李苗苗,吴炳方,颜长珍,等.密云水库上游植被覆盖度的遥感估算[J].资源科学,2004(04):153-159.
[5]李成范,苏迎春,周廷刚,等.基于遥感的重庆市植被覆盖格局变化研究[J].西南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2009,34(01):123-128.
[6]易胜.基于RS和GIS岩溶地区植被覆盖度分析[D].广西师范大学,2008.
[7]陈晋,陈云浩,何春阳,等.基于土地覆盖分类的植被覆盖率估算亚像元模型与应用[J].遥感学报,2001(06):416-422+481.
[8]GRAETZ R.D,PECH R.P,DAVIS A.W.The assessment and monitoring of sparsely vegetated rangelands using calibrated Landsat data[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,1988,9(7):1201-1222.
[9]DYMOND J.R,STEPHENS P.R,NEWSOME P.F,et al.Percent vegetation cover of a degrading rangeland from SPOT[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,1992,13(11):1999-2007.
[10]程红芳,章文波,陈锋.植被覆盖度的遥感估算方法研究进展[J].国土资源遥感,2008(01):13-18.
[11]杨胜天,刘昌明,杨志峰,等.南水北调西线调水工程区的自然生态环境评价[J].地理学报,2002(01):11-18.
[12]MURIITHI F.K,YU D,ROBIL A S.Vegetation response to intensive commercial horticulture and environmental changes within watersheds in central highlands,Kenya,using AVHRR NDVI data[J].Remote Sensing,2016,53(1):1-22.
[13]ZEWDIE W,CSAPLOVICS E,INOSTROZA L.Monitoring ecosystem dynamics in northwestern Ethiopia using NDVI and climate variables to assess long term trends in dryland vegetation variability[J].Applied Geography,2017,79:167-178.
[14]CHAITHANVA V.V,BINOY B.V,VINOD T.R.Estimation of the Relationship between Urban Vegetation and Land Surface Temperature of Calicut City and Suburbs,Kerala,India using GIS and Remote Sensing data[J].International Journal of Advanced Remote Sensing and GIS,2017,6(1):2088-2096.
[15]吕长春,王忠武,钱少猛.混合像元分解模型综述[J].遥感信息,2003(03):55-58,60.
[16]田义超,梁铭忠.北部湾沿海地区植被覆盖对气温和降水的旬响应特征[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(03):488-502.
[17]LI Jingzhong,LIU Yongmei,CAO Mingming,et al.Space-Time Characteristics of Vegetation Cover and Distribution:Case of the Henan Province in China[J].Sustainability,2015,7(9):11967-11979.
[18]WANG Haiting,ZHANG Yuanzhi,TSOU Jin Yeu,et al.Surface Urban Heat Island Analysis of Shanghai(China)Based on the Change of Land Use and Land Cover[J].Sustainability,2017,9(09):1538.
[19]李苗苗.植被覆盖度的遥感估算方法研究[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院(遥感应用研究所),2003.
[20]邓书斌.ENVI遥感图像处理方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2017.
[21]陈君颖,田庆久.高分辨率遥感植被分类研究[J].遥感学报,2007(02):221-227.
[22]岳玮,刘慧明,孙国钧.基于遥感和GIS技术的祖厉河流域植被覆盖动态变化监测[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2009,45(S1):6-11,18.
[23]赵翠娥,丁文荣.基于ENVI和GIS技术的龙川江流域植被覆盖度动态监测[J].林业调查规划,2013,38(05):14-18+44.
[24]肖骁,李京忠,韩彬,等.东北老工业区植被覆盖度时空特征及城市化关联分析[J].生态科学,2017,36(06):71-77.
[25]烟贯发,万鲁河,温智虹,等.基于RS和DEM的长白山天池植被分布的坡度坡向分析[J].测绘通报,2012(S1):233-236,239.