广州管圆线虫感染致病机制的研究进展
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摘要
广州管圆线虫病是因感染了广州管圆线虫后其幼虫移行至宿主中枢神经系统,从而引起以嗜酸性粒细胞增多为特征、以脑炎和脑膜脑炎为主要临床表现的一种危害严重的食源性寄生虫病,阐明其致病机制对于广州管圆线虫病防治具有重要意义。本文主要就广州管圆线虫感染引起嗜酸性粒细胞增多性脑炎和脑膜脑炎机制研究进展作一综述。
Angiostrongylosis,a food-borne parasitic disease,is caused by the migration of larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis to the host's central nervous system after it is infected.It is a serious disease with eosinophilic encephalitis and meningoencephalitis as the main clinical manifestations.Understanding of its pathogenic mechanism is important for the prevention and treatment of angiostrongylosis.This paper reviews the mechanism of eosinophilic meningitis and meningoencephalitis caused by A.cantonensis infection.
Angiostrongylosis,a food-borne parasitic disease,is caused by the migration of larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis to the host's central nervous system after it is infected.It is a serious disease with eosinophilic encephalitis and meningoencephalitis as the main clinical manifestations.Understanding of its pathogenic mechanism is important for the prevention and treatment of angiostrongylosis.This paper reviews the mechanism of eosinophilic meningitis and meningoencephalitis caused by A.cantonensis infection.
引文
[1]Chen HT.Un nouveau nématodepulmonaire,Pulmonema cantonensis n.g.,n.sp.,des rats de Canton.[J].Ann Parasitol Hum Comp,1935,13(4):312-317.
[2]Dougherty EC.The genus Aelurostrongylus Cameron,1927(Nematoda:Metastrongylidae),and its relatives;with descriptions of Parafilaroides,gen.nov.,and Angiostrongylus gubernaculatus,sp.nov.[J].Proc HelmintholS oc Wash,1946,13:16-26.
[3]Beaver PC,Rosen L.Memorandum of the first report of Angiostrongylus in man,by Nomura and Lin,1945[J].Am J Trop Med Hyg,1964,13:589-590.
[4]McAuliffe L,Fortin Ensign S,Larson D,et al.Severe CNS angiostrongyliasis in a young marine:a case report and literature review[J].Lancet Infect Dis,2018,in press.
[5]Wang QP,Lai DH,Zhu XQ,et al.Human angiostrongyliasis[J].Lancet Infect Dis,2008,8(10):621-630.
[6]Wang QP,Wu ZD,Wei J,et al.Human Angiostrongylus cantonensis:an update[J].Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis,2012,31(4):389-395.
[7]Lv S,Zhang Y,Steinmann P,et al.Emerging angiostrongyliasis in Mainland China[J].Emerg Infect Dis,2008,14(1):161-164.
[8]Barratt J,Chan D,Sandaradura I,et al.Angiostrongylus cantonensis:a review of its distribution,molecular biology and clinical significance as a human pathogen[J].Parasitology,2016,143(9):1087-1118.
[9]Meeusen EN,Balic A.Do eosinophils have a role in the killing of helminth parasites?[J].Parasitol Today,2000,16(3):95-101.
[10]Shi HZ.Eosinophils function as antigen-presenting cells[J].J Leukoc Biol,2004,76(3):520-527.
[11]Gosnell WL,Kramer KJ.The role of eosinophils in angiostrongyliasis:multiple roles for a versatile cell?[J].Hawaii J Med Public Health,2013,72(6 Suppl 2):49-51.
[12]Lv S,Zhou XN,Andrews JR.Eosinophilic meningitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis[J].ACS Chem Neurosci,2017,8(9):1815-1816.
[13]Sanderson CJ.Interleukin-5,eosinophils,and disease[J].Blood,1992,79(12):3101-3109.
[14]Yamaguchi Y,Suda T,Ohta S,et al.Analysis of the survival of mature human eosinophils:interleukin-5 prevents apoptosis in mature human eosinophils[J].Blood,1991,78(10):2542-2547.
[15]Sasaki O,Sugaya H,Ishida K,et al.Ablation of eosinophils with anti-IL-5 antibody enhances the survival of intracranial worms of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in the mouse[J].Parasite Immunol,2010,15(6):349-354.
[16]Sugaya H,Aoki M,Yoshida T,et al.Eosinophilia and intracranial worm recovery in interleukin-5 transgenic and interleukin-5 receptor alpha chain-knockout mice infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis[J].Parasitol Res,1997,83(6):583-590.
[17]Aoki M,Sugaya H,Ishida K,et al.The role of CD4+and CD8+T-cells in host morbidity and innate resistance to Angiostrongylus cantonensis in the mouse[J].Parasitol Res,1998,84(2):91-99.
[18]Intapan PM,Niwattayakul K,Sawanyawisuth K,et al.Cerebrospinal fluid eotaxin and eotaxin-2 levels in human eosinophilic meningitis associated with angiostrongyliasis[J].Cytokine,2007,39(2):138-141.
[19]Chang EE,Chung LY,Yen CM.Kinetics of change in the eotaxin concentration in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of mice infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis[J].Parasitol Res,2004,92(2):137-141.
[20]Chang EE,Yen CM.Eosinophils chemoattracted by eotaxin from cerebrospinal fluid of mice infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis assayed in a microchamber[J].Kaohsiung J Med Sci,2004,20(5):209-215.
[21]Owhashi M,NawaY.Eosinophil chemotactic lymphokine produced by spleen cells of Schistosoma japonicum-infected mice[J].Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol,1987,82(1):20-25.
[22]Nair MG,Gallagher IJ,Taylor MD,et al.Chitinase and Fizz family members are a generalized feature of nematode infection with selective upregulation of Ym1 and Fizz1 by antigen-presenting cells[J].Infect Immun,2005,73(1):385-394.
[23]Zhao J,Lv Z,Wang F,et al.Ym1,an eosinophilic chemotactic factor,participates in the brain inflammation induced by Angiostrongylus cantonensis in mice[J].Parasitol Res,2013,112(7):2689-2695.
[24]Wan S,Sun X,Wu F,et al.Chi3l3:a potential key orchestrator of eosinophil recruitment in meningitis induced by Angiostrongylus cantonensis[J].J Neuroinflammation,2018,15(1):31.
[25]Drake LY,Kita H.IL-33:biological properties,functions,and roles in airway disease[J].Immunol Rev,2017,278(1):173-184.
[26]Miller AM.Role of IL-33 in inflammation and disease[J].J Inflamm(Lond),2011,8(1):22.
[27]Peng H,Sun R,Zhang Q,et al.Interleukin 33 mediates type 2 immunity and inflammation in the central nervous system of mice infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis[J].J Infect Dis,2013,207(5):860-869.
[28]Du WY,Chen CW,Lin FK,et al.IL-33 mediates the expressions of IL-5 and IL-13 in Angiostrongylus cantonensis-infected mice[J].Exp Parasitol,2013,135(3):587-594.
[29]Li S,Yang F,Ji P,et al.Eosinophil chemotactic chemokine profilings of the brain from permissive and non-permissive hosts infected with Angiostrongylus cantonenis[J].Parasitol Res,2014,113(2):517-525.
[30]Ghosh A,Streit WJ,Minghetti L,et al.Microglia in development and disease[J].Clin Dev Immunol,2013,2013:736459.
[31]Wei J,Wu F,He A,et al.Microglia activation:one of the checkpoints in the CNS inflammation caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in rodent model[J].Parasitol Res,2015,114(9):3247-3254.
[32]Wei J,Wu F,Sun X,et al.Differences in microglia activation between rats-derived cell and mice-derived cell after stimulating by soluble antigen of IV larva from Angiostrongylus cantonensis in vitro[J].Parasitol Res,2013,112(1):207-214.
[33]Zhang MY,Xu YY,Pan T,et al.Apoptosis and necroptosis of mouse hippocampal and parenchymal astrocytes,microglia and neurons caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection[J].ParasiteVectors,2017,10:611.
[34]Chen MX,Ai L,Xu MJ,et al.Angiostrongylus cantonensis:identification and characterization of microRNAs in male and female adults[J].Exp Parasitol,2011,128(2):116-120.
[35]Chang SH,Tang P,Lai CH,et al.Identification and characterisation of microRNAs in young adults of Angiostrongylus cantonensis via a deep-sequencing approach[J].Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz,2013,108(6):699-706.
[36]Yu L,Liao Q,Chen X,et al.Dynamic expression of miR-132,miR-212,and miR-146 in the brain of different hosts infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis[J].Parasitol Res,2014,113(1):91-99.
[37]Yu L,Liao Q,Zeng X,et al.MicroRNA expressions associated with eosinophilic meningitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in a mouse model[J].Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis,2014,33(8):1457-1465.
[38]Li Z,Chen X,Zen X,et al.MicroRNA expression profile in the third-and fourth-stage larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis[J].Parasitol Res,2014,113(5):1883-1896.
[39]Mo ZX,Guo JQ,She D,et al.Infection by the nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis induces differential expression of miRNAs in mouse brain[J].J Microbiol Immunol Infect,2016,51(1):94-102.
[40]Chen X,Li ZY,Maleewong W,et al.Serum aca-mir-146a is a potential biomarker for early diagnosis of Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection[J].Parasitol Res,2014,113(9):3221-3227.
[2]Dougherty EC.The genus Aelurostrongylus Cameron,1927(Nematoda:Metastrongylidae),and its relatives;with descriptions of Parafilaroides,gen.nov.,and Angiostrongylus gubernaculatus,sp.nov.[J].Proc HelmintholS oc Wash,1946,13:16-26.
[3]Beaver PC,Rosen L.Memorandum of the first report of Angiostrongylus in man,by Nomura and Lin,1945[J].Am J Trop Med Hyg,1964,13:589-590.
[4]McAuliffe L,Fortin Ensign S,Larson D,et al.Severe CNS angiostrongyliasis in a young marine:a case report and literature review[J].Lancet Infect Dis,2018,in press.
[5]Wang QP,Lai DH,Zhu XQ,et al.Human angiostrongyliasis[J].Lancet Infect Dis,2008,8(10):621-630.
[6]Wang QP,Wu ZD,Wei J,et al.Human Angiostrongylus cantonensis:an update[J].Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis,2012,31(4):389-395.
[7]Lv S,Zhang Y,Steinmann P,et al.Emerging angiostrongyliasis in Mainland China[J].Emerg Infect Dis,2008,14(1):161-164.
[8]Barratt J,Chan D,Sandaradura I,et al.Angiostrongylus cantonensis:a review of its distribution,molecular biology and clinical significance as a human pathogen[J].Parasitology,2016,143(9):1087-1118.
[9]Meeusen EN,Balic A.Do eosinophils have a role in the killing of helminth parasites?[J].Parasitol Today,2000,16(3):95-101.
[10]Shi HZ.Eosinophils function as antigen-presenting cells[J].J Leukoc Biol,2004,76(3):520-527.
[11]Gosnell WL,Kramer KJ.The role of eosinophils in angiostrongyliasis:multiple roles for a versatile cell?[J].Hawaii J Med Public Health,2013,72(6 Suppl 2):49-51.
[12]Lv S,Zhou XN,Andrews JR.Eosinophilic meningitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis[J].ACS Chem Neurosci,2017,8(9):1815-1816.
[13]Sanderson CJ.Interleukin-5,eosinophils,and disease[J].Blood,1992,79(12):3101-3109.
[14]Yamaguchi Y,Suda T,Ohta S,et al.Analysis of the survival of mature human eosinophils:interleukin-5 prevents apoptosis in mature human eosinophils[J].Blood,1991,78(10):2542-2547.
[15]Sasaki O,Sugaya H,Ishida K,et al.Ablation of eosinophils with anti-IL-5 antibody enhances the survival of intracranial worms of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in the mouse[J].Parasite Immunol,2010,15(6):349-354.
[16]Sugaya H,Aoki M,Yoshida T,et al.Eosinophilia and intracranial worm recovery in interleukin-5 transgenic and interleukin-5 receptor alpha chain-knockout mice infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis[J].Parasitol Res,1997,83(6):583-590.
[17]Aoki M,Sugaya H,Ishida K,et al.The role of CD4+and CD8+T-cells in host morbidity and innate resistance to Angiostrongylus cantonensis in the mouse[J].Parasitol Res,1998,84(2):91-99.
[18]Intapan PM,Niwattayakul K,Sawanyawisuth K,et al.Cerebrospinal fluid eotaxin and eotaxin-2 levels in human eosinophilic meningitis associated with angiostrongyliasis[J].Cytokine,2007,39(2):138-141.
[19]Chang EE,Chung LY,Yen CM.Kinetics of change in the eotaxin concentration in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of mice infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis[J].Parasitol Res,2004,92(2):137-141.
[20]Chang EE,Yen CM.Eosinophils chemoattracted by eotaxin from cerebrospinal fluid of mice infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis assayed in a microchamber[J].Kaohsiung J Med Sci,2004,20(5):209-215.
[21]Owhashi M,NawaY.Eosinophil chemotactic lymphokine produced by spleen cells of Schistosoma japonicum-infected mice[J].Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol,1987,82(1):20-25.
[22]Nair MG,Gallagher IJ,Taylor MD,et al.Chitinase and Fizz family members are a generalized feature of nematode infection with selective upregulation of Ym1 and Fizz1 by antigen-presenting cells[J].Infect Immun,2005,73(1):385-394.
[23]Zhao J,Lv Z,Wang F,et al.Ym1,an eosinophilic chemotactic factor,participates in the brain inflammation induced by Angiostrongylus cantonensis in mice[J].Parasitol Res,2013,112(7):2689-2695.
[24]Wan S,Sun X,Wu F,et al.Chi3l3:a potential key orchestrator of eosinophil recruitment in meningitis induced by Angiostrongylus cantonensis[J].J Neuroinflammation,2018,15(1):31.
[25]Drake LY,Kita H.IL-33:biological properties,functions,and roles in airway disease[J].Immunol Rev,2017,278(1):173-184.
[26]Miller AM.Role of IL-33 in inflammation and disease[J].J Inflamm(Lond),2011,8(1):22.
[27]Peng H,Sun R,Zhang Q,et al.Interleukin 33 mediates type 2 immunity and inflammation in the central nervous system of mice infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis[J].J Infect Dis,2013,207(5):860-869.
[28]Du WY,Chen CW,Lin FK,et al.IL-33 mediates the expressions of IL-5 and IL-13 in Angiostrongylus cantonensis-infected mice[J].Exp Parasitol,2013,135(3):587-594.
[29]Li S,Yang F,Ji P,et al.Eosinophil chemotactic chemokine profilings of the brain from permissive and non-permissive hosts infected with Angiostrongylus cantonenis[J].Parasitol Res,2014,113(2):517-525.
[30]Ghosh A,Streit WJ,Minghetti L,et al.Microglia in development and disease[J].Clin Dev Immunol,2013,2013:736459.
[31]Wei J,Wu F,He A,et al.Microglia activation:one of the checkpoints in the CNS inflammation caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in rodent model[J].Parasitol Res,2015,114(9):3247-3254.
[32]Wei J,Wu F,Sun X,et al.Differences in microglia activation between rats-derived cell and mice-derived cell after stimulating by soluble antigen of IV larva from Angiostrongylus cantonensis in vitro[J].Parasitol Res,2013,112(1):207-214.
[33]Zhang MY,Xu YY,Pan T,et al.Apoptosis and necroptosis of mouse hippocampal and parenchymal astrocytes,microglia and neurons caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection[J].ParasiteVectors,2017,10:611.
[34]Chen MX,Ai L,Xu MJ,et al.Angiostrongylus cantonensis:identification and characterization of microRNAs in male and female adults[J].Exp Parasitol,2011,128(2):116-120.
[35]Chang SH,Tang P,Lai CH,et al.Identification and characterisation of microRNAs in young adults of Angiostrongylus cantonensis via a deep-sequencing approach[J].Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz,2013,108(6):699-706.
[36]Yu L,Liao Q,Chen X,et al.Dynamic expression of miR-132,miR-212,and miR-146 in the brain of different hosts infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis[J].Parasitol Res,2014,113(1):91-99.
[37]Yu L,Liao Q,Zeng X,et al.MicroRNA expressions associated with eosinophilic meningitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in a mouse model[J].Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis,2014,33(8):1457-1465.
[38]Li Z,Chen X,Zen X,et al.MicroRNA expression profile in the third-and fourth-stage larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis[J].Parasitol Res,2014,113(5):1883-1896.
[39]Mo ZX,Guo JQ,She D,et al.Infection by the nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis induces differential expression of miRNAs in mouse brain[J].J Microbiol Immunol Infect,2016,51(1):94-102.
[40]Chen X,Li ZY,Maleewong W,et al.Serum aca-mir-146a is a potential biomarker for early diagnosis of Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection[J].Parasitol Res,2014,113(9):3221-3227.