摘要
把有限的心理和神经资源选择性地根据当前环境或任务来分配给某些而不是所有过程,是通过注意来完成的。以往的大部分有关视觉注意的研究都集中在注意是如何在空间维度和特征维度进行分配的问题上,而近来的一系列研究则从时间动态这个角度揭示了视觉注意中的一些新现象和新机制。本文将从以下四个方面综述时间这个基本维度在视觉注意中的表现、作用及其神经机制:(1)注意对外部刺激动态结构的追踪(注意动态理论),(2)注意的内秉动态特性,(3)基于时间组织的多物体加工,(4)视觉动态和经典注意现象的相互关系。我们认为,注意的时间组织和动态结构是注意中非常重要和基本的方面,对其的研究将为注意理论的一些长久以来的争论和难点提供新的角度和解决方案。本文进一步提出了视觉注意研究领域亟待探索和研究的新方向和问题。
Attention shapes what we see and what we act upon by allocating limited resources to certain parts of visual display in a selective and adaptive manner. While most previous studies in visual attention mainly focused on the attentional distribution over space or features, recent studies have revealed that temporal dynamics also plays a crucial function in visual attention. This paper reviews the representation, function and neural mechanism of temporal dynamics in visual attention from the following four aspects:(1) Tracking dynamic structure of external stimulus by attention;(2) Intrinsic dynamic characteristics of attention;(3) Time-based multiple object representation;(4) Relationship between visual dynamics and classical attentional phenomena. We propose that the dynamic structure and temporal organization are fundamental to visual attention, and the research on it might provide new solutions to many unresolved issues in visual attention research.
引文
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