福州市区冬春季PM_(2.5)污染特征与来源差异性分析
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摘要
基于福州市区2015年2月—2016年1月间的大气PM_(2.5)监测数据,综合运用HYSPLIT后向轨迹模式、潜在源贡献因子法(WPSCF)与浓度权重轨迹分析(WCWT)等方法,探讨了福州市区冬、春季PM_(2.5)污染特征和典型污染过程成因,总结了气象因子和污染来源的季节性差异.研究期间,冬、春季是福州市区PM_(2.5)污染的主要季节,福州市区不同类型站点的PM_(2.5)浓度在冬、春季污染发生时均呈现出整体升高的特点,但浓度日变化却存在季节性差异,冬季无显著日变化,春季则表现为单峰单谷特征.福州市区春季主要受锋前暖区和高压后部等天气系统影响,大气扩散条件差,PM_(2.5)极易在不利的气象条件下累积,福建沿海地区是其PM_(2.5)污染的主要潜在源区;冬季污染易受高压天气系统作用,盛行偏北风,长江三角洲地区的污染物输入会对福州市区空气质量产生较大影响,长江三角洲、浙江东南沿海、福建北部是其PM_(2.5)污染的主要潜在源区.
The HYSPLIT backward trajectory model and the weighted potential source contribution factor(WPSCF) and the weighted concentration-weighted trajectory(WCWT) were applied to analyze the PM_(2.5) data collected from February 2015 to January 2016 in Fuzhou urban areas. The characteristics of PM_(2.5) pollution in winter and spring were discussed and the causes of typical pollution processes in Fuzhou urban areas were explored. The seasonal differences of meteorological conditions and pollution source regions were obtained. During the study period, PM_(2.5) pollution mainly occurred in winter and spring in Fuzhou urban areas. The concentrations of PM_(2.5) at different sites showed an overall increase with the occurrence of pollution both in winter and in spring. However, the diurnal variations of PM_(2.5) levels differed between in winter and in spring. There was no significant diurnal change of PM_(2.5) concentrations during PM_(2.5) episodes of winter, while PM_(2.5) showed evident diurnal variation with the unimodal distribution when PM_(2.5) pollution occurred in spring. The weather systems such as the warm sector ahead of the front and the high-pressure rear usually prevailed in spring and led to the conditions unfavorable to air diffusion, resulting in the accumulation of PM_(2.5) in Fuzhou urban areas. The coastal areas of Fujian Province were identified as the main potential source regions of PM_(2.5) in spring. High-pressure systems and northerly winds prevailed over Fuzhou in winter, the transport of PM_(2.5) originated in the Yangtze River Delta region, the southeast coastal areas of Zhejiang as well as northern Fujian Province greatly affected the levels of PM_(2.5) in Fuzhou urban areas.
The HYSPLIT backward trajectory model and the weighted potential source contribution factor(WPSCF) and the weighted concentration-weighted trajectory(WCWT) were applied to analyze the PM_(2.5) data collected from February 2015 to January 2016 in Fuzhou urban areas. The characteristics of PM_(2.5) pollution in winter and spring were discussed and the causes of typical pollution processes in Fuzhou urban areas were explored. The seasonal differences of meteorological conditions and pollution source regions were obtained. During the study period, PM_(2.5) pollution mainly occurred in winter and spring in Fuzhou urban areas. The concentrations of PM_(2.5) at different sites showed an overall increase with the occurrence of pollution both in winter and in spring. However, the diurnal variations of PM_(2.5) levels differed between in winter and in spring. There was no significant diurnal change of PM_(2.5) concentrations during PM_(2.5) episodes of winter, while PM_(2.5) showed evident diurnal variation with the unimodal distribution when PM_(2.5) pollution occurred in spring. The weather systems such as the warm sector ahead of the front and the high-pressure rear usually prevailed in spring and led to the conditions unfavorable to air diffusion, resulting in the accumulation of PM_(2.5) in Fuzhou urban areas. The coastal areas of Fujian Province were identified as the main potential source regions of PM_(2.5) in spring. High-pressure systems and northerly winds prevailed over Fuzhou in winter, the transport of PM_(2.5) originated in the Yangtze River Delta region, the southeast coastal areas of Zhejiang as well as northern Fujian Province greatly affected the levels of PM_(2.5) in Fuzhou urban areas.
引文
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Salma I,Chi X,Maenhaut W.2004.Elemental and organic carbon in urban canyon and background environments in Budapest,Hungary[J].Atmospheric Environment,38(1):27-36
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Tie X,Cao J.2009.Aerosol pollution in China: Present and future impact on environment[J].Particuology,7(6):426-431
王宏,陈晓秋,余永江,等.2014.福州市PM2.5、PM2.5/PM10分布特征及与气象条件关系的初步分析[J].热带气象学报,30(2):387-391
王宏,林长城,隋平,等.2008.福州天气形势分型与大气污染物相关分析[J].气象与环境学报,24(6):7-11
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谢祖欣,王宏,郑秋萍,等.2017.2015年福州市大气颗粒物污染特征[J].环境科学研究,30(6):864-873
Zeng Y,Hopke P K.1989.A study of the sources of acid precipitation in Ontario,Canada[J].Atmospheric Environment,23(7):1499-1509
张磊,金莲姬,朱彬,等.2013.2011年6—8月平流输送对黄山顶污染物浓度的影响[J].中国环境科学,33(6):969-978
Zhang Q H,Zhang J P,Xue H W.2010.The challenge of improving visibility in Beijing[J].Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics,10(3):7821-7827
郑丹楠,王雪松,周军,等.2015.2013年1月宁波市PM2.5污染的形成过程与传输规律[J].环境科学学报,35(8):2378-2386
郑秋萍,王宏,林长城,等.2013.海峡西岸沿海城市群大气污染物浓度特征及其与天气形势的关系[J].环境科学学报,33(2):356-363
周俊佳,梁娟珠.2017.福州市区大气污染物质量浓度时空分布特征分析[J].环境工程,35(2):89-93
陈彬彬,林长城,杨凯,等.2009.福州市大气污染时空变化及其与气象条件关系[J].环境科学与技术,32(6):125-128
陈晓秋,冯宏芳,余华.2009.福州市春冬季灰霾天气PM10和PM2.5污染水平和气象特征分析[J].环境科学与管理,34(9):44-47
程念亮,张大伟,陈添,等.2016.2015年北京市两次红色预警期间PM2.5浓度特征[J].环境科学,37(7):2409-2418
Draxler R R,Hess G D.1998.An overview of the hysplit-4 modeling system for trajectories[J].Australian Meteorological Magazine,47(4):295-308
Hsu Y K,Holsen T M,Hopke P K.2003.Comparison of hybrid receptor models to locate PCB sources in Chicago[J].Atmospheric Environment,37(4):545-562
胡敏,唐倩,彭剑飞,等.2011.我国大气颗粒物来源及特征分析[J].环境与可持续发展,36(5):15-19
蒋永成,赵天良,王宏,等.2015.福州市PM2.5污染过程中大气边界层和区域传输研究[J].中国环境科学,35(2):347-355
李莉,蔡鋆琳,周敏.2015.2013年12月中国中东部地区严重灰霾期间上海市颗粒物的输送途径及潜在源区贡献分析[J].环境科学,36(7):2327-2336
李岩,郑东旗,龚振斌,等.2014.福州大气污染日与气象条件关系[J].亚热带农业研究,10(3):194-198
刘世玺,安俊琳,朱彬,等.2010.远距离输送作用对南京大气污染的影响[J].生态环境学报,19(11):2629-2635
Liu X G,Li J,Qu Y,et al.2013.Formation and evolution mechanism of regional haze: a case study in the megacity Beijing,China[J].Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics,13(9),DOI:10.5194/acp-13-4501-2013
吕炜,李金凤,王雪松,等.2015.长距离污染传输对珠江三角洲区域空气质量影响的数值模拟研究[J].环境科学学报,35(1):30-41
Polissar A V,Hopke P K,Paatero P,et al.1999.The aerosol at Barrow,Alaska: long-term trends and source locations[J].Atmospheric Environment,33(16):2441-2458
任传斌,吴立新,张媛媛,等.2016.北京城区PM2.5输送途径与潜在源区贡献的四季差异分析[J].中国环境科学,36(9):2591-2598
Salma I,Chi X,Maenhaut W.2004.Elemental and organic carbon in urban canyon and background environments in Budapest,Hungary[J].Atmospheric Environment,38(1):27-36
隋平,冯宏芳,王宏,等.2013.海西城市群灰霾天气特征及其影响因子分析[J].环境科学与技术,36(7):53-57
Tie X,Cao J.2009.Aerosol pollution in China: Present and future impact on environment[J].Particuology,7(6):426-431
王宏,陈晓秋,余永江,等.2014.福州市PM2.5、PM2.5/PM10分布特征及与气象条件关系的初步分析[J].热带气象学报,30(2):387-391
王宏,林长城,隋平,等.2008.福州天气形势分型与大气污染物相关分析[J].气象与环境学报,24(6):7-11
Wang H,Xu J,Zhang M,et al.2014.A study of the meteorological causes of a prolonged and severe haze episode in January 2013 over central-eastern China[J].Atmospheric Environment,98: 146-157
尉鹏,任阵海,王文杰,等.2015.2014年10月中国东部持续重污染天气成因分析[J].环境科学研究,28(5):676-683
谢祖欣,王宏,郑秋萍,等.2017.2015年福州市大气颗粒物污染特征[J].环境科学研究,30(6):864-873
Zeng Y,Hopke P K.1989.A study of the sources of acid precipitation in Ontario,Canada[J].Atmospheric Environment,23(7):1499-1509
张磊,金莲姬,朱彬,等.2013.2011年6—8月平流输送对黄山顶污染物浓度的影响[J].中国环境科学,33(6):969-978
Zhang Q H,Zhang J P,Xue H W.2010.The challenge of improving visibility in Beijing[J].Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics,10(3):7821-7827
郑丹楠,王雪松,周军,等.2015.2013年1月宁波市PM2.5污染的形成过程与传输规律[J].环境科学学报,35(8):2378-2386
郑秋萍,王宏,林长城,等.2013.海峡西岸沿海城市群大气污染物浓度特征及其与天气形势的关系[J].环境科学学报,33(2):356-363
周俊佳,梁娟珠.2017.福州市区大气污染物质量浓度时空分布特征分析[J].环境工程,35(2):89-93