扁桃种仁氨基酸组分及加工品质分析
|
摘要
为探明扁桃种仁的氨基酸组分,筛选出适宜食品加工的扁桃品种,用国标法测定37个栽培扁桃品种和野生扁桃种仁的17种氨基酸含量。结果表明,扁桃种仁中的平均氨基酸含量排序为谷氨酸>精氨酸>天氡氨酸>亮氨酸>甘氨酸>苯丙氨酸>缬氨酸>丙氨酸>脯氨酸>异亮氨酸>丝氨酸>赖氨酸>苏氨酸>酪氨酸>组氨酸>胱氨酸>甲硫氨酸。扁桃种仁的氨基酸比值在56.46～67.68之间,平均值为61.80;有19个栽培扁桃种仁的第一限制性氨基酸是甲硫氨酸+胱氨酸,另外18个栽培扁桃和野生扁桃种仁的第一限制性氨基酸是赖氨酸。甲硫氨酸、赖氨酸与其它15种氨基酸不都是显著正相关,其它15种氨基酸之间显著正相关。巴旦王、公巴旦、双果和长鹰种仁适合用于食品加工。
In order to evaluate the amino acid components of almond kernels, and to screen out the excellent cultivars that are suitable for food production, 17 kinds of amino acids in kernels of 37 cultivated almond cultivars and wild almond were determined using national standard method. The results showed that the average amino acid contents in kernels of these 38 almond cultivars displayed an order as: Glu > Arg > Asp > Leu > Gly > Phe > Val > Ala > Pro >Ile > Ser > Lys > Thr > Tyr > His > Cys > Met. Besides, the SRC of kernels was within the range of 56.46-67.68,with the average being 61.80. Furthermore, methionine was the first limiting amino acid in kernels of 19 cultivated almond cultivars while lysine was for other 18 cultivated almond cultivars and wild almond. In addition, the correlations between methionine and lysine and other 15 kinds of amino acid were not all significantly positive, but other 15 kinds of amino acids presents a notable positive correlation between each other. The research showed that Badanwang, Gongbadan, Shuangguo and Changying are suitable for food production.
In order to evaluate the amino acid components of almond kernels, and to screen out the excellent cultivars that are suitable for food production, 17 kinds of amino acids in kernels of 37 cultivated almond cultivars and wild almond were determined using national standard method. The results showed that the average amino acid contents in kernels of these 38 almond cultivars displayed an order as: Glu > Arg > Asp > Leu > Gly > Phe > Val > Ala > Pro >Ile > Ser > Lys > Thr > Tyr > His > Cys > Met. Besides, the SRC of kernels was within the range of 56.46-67.68,with the average being 61.80. Furthermore, methionine was the first limiting amino acid in kernels of 19 cultivated almond cultivars while lysine was for other 18 cultivated almond cultivars and wild almond. In addition, the correlations between methionine and lysine and other 15 kinds of amino acid were not all significantly positive, but other 15 kinds of amino acids presents a notable positive correlation between each other. The research showed that Badanwang, Gongbadan, Shuangguo and Changying are suitable for food production.
引文
[1]李疆.中国果树科学与实践-阿月浑子、扁桃[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社, 2015:96-98.
[2]李鹏,罗淑萍,田嘉,等.低温冻害对扁桃花蕾抗寒机制的影响[J].经济林研究, 2015, 33(2):20-25.
[3] United States Department of Agriculture. Tree nuts:world markets and trade[R]. USA. Foreign Agricultural Service,2015.
[4] ELLIS D, LIEB J. Hyperoxaluria and genitourinary disorders in children ingesting almond milk products[J]. J Pediatr, 2015, 167(5):1155-1158.
[5] BRIVIBA K, GR魧F V, WALZ E, et al. Ultra high pressure homogenization of almond milk:Physico-chemical and physiological effects[J]. Food Chem, 2016, 192:82-89.
[6] CHOUDHURY K, CLARK J, GRIFFITHS H R. An almond-enriched diet increases plasmaα-tocopherol and improves vascular function but does not affect oxidative stress markers or lipid levels[J]. Free Radical Res, 2014, 48(5):599-606.
[7] EVANS-JOHNSON J A, GARLICK J A, JOHNSON E J, et al. A pilot study of the photoprotective effect of almond phytochemicals in a 3D human skin equivalent[J]. J Photoch Photobio B, 2013, 126(3):17-25.
[8] YANO T, YANO K. Comparison of injection sclerotherapy between 5%phenol in almond oil and aluminum potassium sulfate and tannic acid for grade 3 hemorrhoids[J]. Ann Coloproctol, 2015, 31(3):103-105.
[9] AHN-JARVIS J H, CLINTON S K, GRAINGER E M, et al. Isoflavone pharmacokinetics and metabolism after consumption of a standardized soy and soy-almond bread in men with asymptomatic prostate cancer[J]. Cancer Prev Res(Phila), 2015, 8(11):1045-1054.
[10] SORIANOHERNANDEZ A D, MADRIGALPEREZ D G, GALVANSALAZAR H R, et al. The protective effect of peanut, walnut, and almond consumption on the development of breast cancer[J]. Gynecol Obstet Inves, 2015, 80(2):89-92.
[11] BERRYMAN C E, AMY G P, WAHIDA K, et al. Effects of almond consumption on the reduction of LDL-cholesterol:a discussion of potential mechanisms and future research directions[J]. Nutr Rev, 2011, 69(4):171-85.
[12] BURNS A M, ZITT M A, ROWE C C, et al. Diet quality improves for parents and children when almonds are incorporated into their daily diet:a randomized, crossover study[J]. Nutr Res, 2016, 36(1):80-89.
[13]赵翠,田英姿,英犁,等.新疆几种巴旦杏综合营养成分分析[J].现代食品科技, 2016, 32(2):262-268.
[14]杨波,龚鹏,徐叶挺,等.新疆引进美国扁桃品种种仁的品质特性[J].西北农业学报, 2011, 20(7):132-137.
[15]李颖,易晓华,李庆典.新疆巴旦姆种仁高级脂肪酸与氨基酸营养评价[J].中国食品学报, 2004, 4(4):64-70.
[16]郑亚军,郝利平,李艳.杏仁蛋白质的研究进展[J].食品研究与开发, 2006, 27(11):208-211.
[17]杨晓艳.芳香类代谢物的LC-MS与NMR分析研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学, 2013:1.
[18]杨鲜,祝慧凤,王涛,等.重庆巫山等多地党参氨基酸及营养价值比较与分析[J].食品科学, 2014, 35(15):251-257.
[19]张晓煜,刘静,袁海燕,等.不同地域环境对枸杞蛋白质和药用氨基酸含量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究, 2004,22(3):100-104.
[20]姜仲茂,乌云塔娜,王森,等.不同产地野生长柄扁桃仁氨基酸组成及营养价值评价[J].食品科学, 2016, 37(4):77-82.
[21]严冬,杨鑫嵎.西藏不同产地冬虫夏草中氨基酸成分分析及其营养价值评价[J].中国农学通报, 2014, 30(3):281-284.
[22] CAULI O, RODRIGO R, LLANSOLA M, et al. Glutamatergic and gabaergic neurotrans mission and neuronal circuits in hepatic encephalopathy[J]. Metab Brain Dis, 2009, 24(1):69-80.
[23]蒋涛,杨文钰,刘卫国,等.套作大豆贮藏蛋白、氨基酸组成分析及营养评价[J].食品科学, 2012, 33(21):275-279.
[24]韩晶,郑文彬,王颖,等.黑龙江芸豆主栽品种营养价值的评价[J].食品科技, 2016, 41(3):99-104.
[25]宋超,赵卉,吴琼,等.五种雉鸡鸡蛋氨基酸成分分析和营养评价[J].中国家禽, 2016, 38(8):39-43.
[26]殷继英,张强,田嘉,等.新疆地区扁桃坚果品质分析[J].经济林研究, 2015, 33(4):58-65.
[2]李鹏,罗淑萍,田嘉,等.低温冻害对扁桃花蕾抗寒机制的影响[J].经济林研究, 2015, 33(2):20-25.
[3] United States Department of Agriculture. Tree nuts:world markets and trade[R]. USA. Foreign Agricultural Service,2015.
[4] ELLIS D, LIEB J. Hyperoxaluria and genitourinary disorders in children ingesting almond milk products[J]. J Pediatr, 2015, 167(5):1155-1158.
[5] BRIVIBA K, GR魧F V, WALZ E, et al. Ultra high pressure homogenization of almond milk:Physico-chemical and physiological effects[J]. Food Chem, 2016, 192:82-89.
[6] CHOUDHURY K, CLARK J, GRIFFITHS H R. An almond-enriched diet increases plasmaα-tocopherol and improves vascular function but does not affect oxidative stress markers or lipid levels[J]. Free Radical Res, 2014, 48(5):599-606.
[7] EVANS-JOHNSON J A, GARLICK J A, JOHNSON E J, et al. A pilot study of the photoprotective effect of almond phytochemicals in a 3D human skin equivalent[J]. J Photoch Photobio B, 2013, 126(3):17-25.
[8] YANO T, YANO K. Comparison of injection sclerotherapy between 5%phenol in almond oil and aluminum potassium sulfate and tannic acid for grade 3 hemorrhoids[J]. Ann Coloproctol, 2015, 31(3):103-105.
[9] AHN-JARVIS J H, CLINTON S K, GRAINGER E M, et al. Isoflavone pharmacokinetics and metabolism after consumption of a standardized soy and soy-almond bread in men with asymptomatic prostate cancer[J]. Cancer Prev Res(Phila), 2015, 8(11):1045-1054.
[10] SORIANOHERNANDEZ A D, MADRIGALPEREZ D G, GALVANSALAZAR H R, et al. The protective effect of peanut, walnut, and almond consumption on the development of breast cancer[J]. Gynecol Obstet Inves, 2015, 80(2):89-92.
[11] BERRYMAN C E, AMY G P, WAHIDA K, et al. Effects of almond consumption on the reduction of LDL-cholesterol:a discussion of potential mechanisms and future research directions[J]. Nutr Rev, 2011, 69(4):171-85.
[12] BURNS A M, ZITT M A, ROWE C C, et al. Diet quality improves for parents and children when almonds are incorporated into their daily diet:a randomized, crossover study[J]. Nutr Res, 2016, 36(1):80-89.
[13]赵翠,田英姿,英犁,等.新疆几种巴旦杏综合营养成分分析[J].现代食品科技, 2016, 32(2):262-268.
[14]杨波,龚鹏,徐叶挺,等.新疆引进美国扁桃品种种仁的品质特性[J].西北农业学报, 2011, 20(7):132-137.
[15]李颖,易晓华,李庆典.新疆巴旦姆种仁高级脂肪酸与氨基酸营养评价[J].中国食品学报, 2004, 4(4):64-70.
[16]郑亚军,郝利平,李艳.杏仁蛋白质的研究进展[J].食品研究与开发, 2006, 27(11):208-211.
[17]杨晓艳.芳香类代谢物的LC-MS与NMR分析研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学, 2013:1.
[18]杨鲜,祝慧凤,王涛,等.重庆巫山等多地党参氨基酸及营养价值比较与分析[J].食品科学, 2014, 35(15):251-257.
[19]张晓煜,刘静,袁海燕,等.不同地域环境对枸杞蛋白质和药用氨基酸含量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究, 2004,22(3):100-104.
[20]姜仲茂,乌云塔娜,王森,等.不同产地野生长柄扁桃仁氨基酸组成及营养价值评价[J].食品科学, 2016, 37(4):77-82.
[21]严冬,杨鑫嵎.西藏不同产地冬虫夏草中氨基酸成分分析及其营养价值评价[J].中国农学通报, 2014, 30(3):281-284.
[22] CAULI O, RODRIGO R, LLANSOLA M, et al. Glutamatergic and gabaergic neurotrans mission and neuronal circuits in hepatic encephalopathy[J]. Metab Brain Dis, 2009, 24(1):69-80.
[23]蒋涛,杨文钰,刘卫国,等.套作大豆贮藏蛋白、氨基酸组成分析及营养评价[J].食品科学, 2012, 33(21):275-279.
[24]韩晶,郑文彬,王颖,等.黑龙江芸豆主栽品种营养价值的评价[J].食品科技, 2016, 41(3):99-104.
[25]宋超,赵卉,吴琼,等.五种雉鸡鸡蛋氨基酸成分分析和营养评价[J].中国家禽, 2016, 38(8):39-43.
[26]殷继英,张强,田嘉,等.新疆地区扁桃坚果品质分析[J].经济林研究, 2015, 33(4):58-65.