行星地质学:地质学的“地外”模式
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摘要
行星地质学是从天文学和地质学中发展形成,借鉴传统地质学的方法和手段研究太阳系中行星、卫星、小行星、彗星和行星环等固态天体的形成和演化过程的一门交叉学科。其研究领域随着太阳系探测的发展而不断拓展,涵盖行星固体圈、行星表面环境、行星资源以及生物或适生环境演化等多个方面。行星地质学与月球和深空工程探测相辅相成,工程探测为学科的发展提供了重要的研究基础,而行星地质学的新发现又能很好地促进工程探测的实施。但目前我国行星地质学的发展还相对落后,在研究平台和研究队伍上仍存在很多短板。行星地质学是跳出地球看地球,进一步比较、拓展、深化和推动地球科学的创新发展。随着国家深空探测科技战略的深入推进,行星地质学研究的制约愈发明显,需及早布局、大力发展,以满足学科发展和工程探测的迫切需要。
Planetary geology is an interdisciplinary subject that develops from astronomy and geology. This subject mainly studies the formation and evolution of solid celestial bodies in the Solar System such as planets, satellites, asteroids, comets, and planetary rings by using the methods of traditional geology. With the development of planetary exploration, the research field of planetary geology has been expanding, covering planetary lithosphere, planetary surface environment, planetary resources, and the evolution of biological or habitable environment. Planetary geology and planetary exploration complement each other: planetary exploration provides an important research basis for the development of planetary geology, and the new discoveries of planetary geology can well promote the implementation of planetary exploration. However, the development of planetary geology in China is still relatively backward, and there are still many shortcomings in the research platform and scientific team. Planetary geology can help us to know the Earth beyond the Earth,promoting the development of Earth science. With the continuous development of planetary exploration, the constraints of planetary geology are becoming more and more obvious, which requires early layout and vigorous development to meet the urgent needs of discipline development and planetary exploration.
Planetary geology is an interdisciplinary subject that develops from astronomy and geology. This subject mainly studies the formation and evolution of solid celestial bodies in the Solar System such as planets, satellites, asteroids, comets, and planetary rings by using the methods of traditional geology. With the development of planetary exploration, the research field of planetary geology has been expanding, covering planetary lithosphere, planetary surface environment, planetary resources, and the evolution of biological or habitable environment. Planetary geology and planetary exploration complement each other: planetary exploration provides an important research basis for the development of planetary geology, and the new discoveries of planetary geology can well promote the implementation of planetary exploration. However, the development of planetary geology in China is still relatively backward, and there are still many shortcomings in the research platform and scientific team. Planetary geology can help us to know the Earth beyond the Earth,promoting the development of Earth science. With the continuous development of planetary exploration, the constraints of planetary geology are becoming more and more obvious, which requires early layout and vigorous development to meet the urgent needs of discipline development and planetary exploration.
引文
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3欧阳自远.比较行星地质学.地球科学进展,1994,9(2):75-77.
4肖龙,Greeley R,曾佐勋,等.比较行星地质学的研究方法、现状和展望.地质科技情报,2008,(3):1-13.
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9 Hiesinger H,Head III J W.New views of lunar geoscience:An introduction and overview.Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry,2006,60(1):1-81.
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14 Palaszewski,B.Solar System Exploration Augmented by Lunar and Outer Planet Resource Utilization:Historical Perspectives and Future Possibilities.AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting 2014.DOI:10.2514/6.2014-0498.
15欧阳自远.月球科学概论.北京:中国宇航出版社,2005.
16 Glass B P.Introduction to planetary geology.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1982:477.
17 West Jr G S,Wright J J,Euler H C.Space and planetary environment criteria guidelines for use in space vehicle development 1977 revision.No.N-78-15146.Alabama:NASA Marshall Space Flight Center,1977.
18 Klein H P.The Viking mission and the search for life on Mars.Reviews of Geophysics,1979,17(7):1655-1662.
19 Peeters Z,Quinn R,Martins Z,et al.Habitability on planetary surfaces:interdisciplinary preparation phase for future mars missions.International Journal of Astrobiology,2009,8(4):301.
20 Pajola M,Rossato S,Carter J,et al.Eridania Basin:an ancient paleolake floor as the next landing site for the Mars 2020 rover.Icarus,2016,275(03):163-182.
21 Moriarty D P,Pieters C M.The Character of South Pole-Aitken Basin:Patterns of Surface and Subsurface Composition.Journal of Geophysical Research:Planets,2018,123(3):729-747.
22 Zacny K,Paulsen G,Chu P,et al.The Icebreaker Drill System:Sample Acquisition and Delivery for the Lunar Resource Prospective Mission//46th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference.Woodlands:LPI,2015:1614
23 Yamamoto S,Wada J,Okabe N,et al.Transient crater growth in granular targets:An experimental study of low velocity impacts into glass sphere targets.Icarus,2006,183(1),215-224.
24欧阳自远,李春来,邹永廖,等.绕月探测工程的初步科学成果.中国科学:地球科学,2010,40(3):261-280.
2 Marvin U B.Geology:from an Earth to a planetary science in the twentieth century.Geological Society,London,Special Publications,2002,192(1),17-57.
3欧阳自远.比较行星地质学.地球科学进展,1994,9(2):75-77.
4肖龙,Greeley R,曾佐勋,等.比较行星地质学的研究方法、现状和展望.地质科技情报,2008,(3):1-13.
5 Greeley R,Bender K,Rappalardo R.Planetary Geology-ATeacher’s Guide with Activities in Physical and Earth Sciences.National Aeronautics and Space Administration,2013,85:127-136.
6 Head III J W.Surfaces and interiors of the terrestrial planets.The New Solar System//Beatty J K,Peterson C C,Chaikin A(Eds).Sky Publishing Corporation.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1999,157.
7 Head J W,Wood C A,Mutch T A.Geologic Evolution of the Terrestrial Planets:Observation and exploration have yielded fundamental knowledge of planetary evolution and have given rise to an exciting new view of Earth as a planet.American Scientist,1977,65(1):21-29.
8 Carr M H.Geologic exploration of the planets:The first 50years.Eos,Transactions American Geophysical Union,2013,94(3):29-30.
9 Hiesinger H,Head III J W.New views of lunar geoscience:An introduction and overview.Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry,2006,60(1):1-81.
10 Faure G,Mensing T.Introduction to Planetary Science.Dordrecht:Spring er,2007.
11 Taylor L A.Resources for a lunar base:rocks,minerals,and soil of the moon.In NASA.Johnson Space Center,The Second Conference on Lunar Bases and Space Activities of the 21st Century,1991,2:361-377.
12 Schneider J.Future exoplanet research:science questions and how to address them.2007.arXiv:1712.07479.DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-55333-7_163.
13 Balint T S,Kolawa E A,Cutts J A,et al.Extreme environment technologies for NASA’s robotic planetary exploration.Acta Astronautica,2008,63(1-4):285-298.
14 Palaszewski,B.Solar System Exploration Augmented by Lunar and Outer Planet Resource Utilization:Historical Perspectives and Future Possibilities.AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting 2014.DOI:10.2514/6.2014-0498.
15欧阳自远.月球科学概论.北京:中国宇航出版社,2005.
16 Glass B P.Introduction to planetary geology.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1982:477.
17 West Jr G S,Wright J J,Euler H C.Space and planetary environment criteria guidelines for use in space vehicle development 1977 revision.No.N-78-15146.Alabama:NASA Marshall Space Flight Center,1977.
18 Klein H P.The Viking mission and the search for life on Mars.Reviews of Geophysics,1979,17(7):1655-1662.
19 Peeters Z,Quinn R,Martins Z,et al.Habitability on planetary surfaces:interdisciplinary preparation phase for future mars missions.International Journal of Astrobiology,2009,8(4):301.
20 Pajola M,Rossato S,Carter J,et al.Eridania Basin:an ancient paleolake floor as the next landing site for the Mars 2020 rover.Icarus,2016,275(03):163-182.
21 Moriarty D P,Pieters C M.The Character of South Pole-Aitken Basin:Patterns of Surface and Subsurface Composition.Journal of Geophysical Research:Planets,2018,123(3):729-747.
22 Zacny K,Paulsen G,Chu P,et al.The Icebreaker Drill System:Sample Acquisition and Delivery for the Lunar Resource Prospective Mission//46th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference.Woodlands:LPI,2015:1614
23 Yamamoto S,Wada J,Okabe N,et al.Transient crater growth in granular targets:An experimental study of low velocity impacts into glass sphere targets.Icarus,2006,183(1),215-224.
24欧阳自远,李春来,邹永廖,等.绕月探测工程的初步科学成果.中国科学:地球科学,2010,40(3):261-280.