移栽密度和方式对不同类型油菜品种产量及构成的调控效应
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摘要
为探索不影响产量前提下提高移栽油菜效益的新途径,以株型中间型品种镇油5号和紧凑型品种镇油7号为试验品种,采用一穴双栽和一穴单栽2种移栽方式,设置1 hm20.6×105株、0.9×105株、1.2×105株、1.5×105株、1.8×105株和2.1×105株密度水平,研究移栽密度和移栽方式对不同类型油菜品种产量和成熟期相关农艺性状的影响,对比分析在不同移栽方式下密度与不同类型油菜产量之间的关系。结果表明,以移栽密度1 hm21.8×105株、一穴双栽处理的紧凑型品种产量最高,达到3 560 kg/hm2。随着密度的增加,产量先升后降;单株角果数、千粒质量、根茎粗、主轴角果数、一次分枝数、一次分枝角果数、二次分枝数和二次分枝角果数总体波动式下降;株高先缓慢下降再上升,分枝点高度和主轴长波动式上升,角果长上下起伏变化。每角粒数在一穴单栽条件下呈先升后降趋势,在一穴双栽条件下中间型品种呈下降趋势,紧凑型品种呈先升后降趋势。株型紧凑型品种的适宜密度水平比中间型品种高。同一类型油菜品种,在适宜密度及高密度水平下,一穴双栽移栽方式要比一穴单栽移栽方式获得的产量更高,大面积生产上的增产效果将更显著。
In order to explore ways to improve the efficiency of transplanting rapeseed seedlings without reducing the grain yield,six planting densities( 0. 6×105,0. 9×105,1. 2×105,1. 5×105,1. 8×105 and 2. 1 × 105 plant per hectare)and two transplanting methods( two plants per hole and one plant per hole) were applied to study the interactive effects of planting density and transplanting method on yield and agronomic traits at maturity for different types of rapeseed varieties ( Zhenyou5,a medium plant-type variety and Zhenyou7,a compact plant-type variety). The highest grain yield was achieved at 3 560 kg/hm2 for the compact plant-type variety Zhenyou 7 when the planting density was 1. 8 × 105 plants per hectare and two plants were transplanted into one hole. With the increase in density,grain yield increased first and then decreased, the pod number perplant,1 000-grain weight,root crown diameter,pod number of main inflorescence,number of first-grade branch,pod number of first-grade branch,the number of the second-grade branch and pod number of second-grade branch were in a fluctuant downward trend on a whole. Plant height was gradually decreased and then increased,branch height and length of main inflorescence were in a fluctuant upward trend,and pod length was fluctuant changed as the increase in planting density. The seed number per pod in the treatment of one plant per hole increased first and then decreased,while the seed number per pod in the treatment of two plants per hole showed a downward trend for the medium plant-type variety and was first promoted and then decreased for the compact plant-type variety. The compact-type variety was more suitable to high planting density than the medium plant-type variety. Within the same plant-type variety,the grain yield under the treatment of two plants per hole was higher than that under the treatment of one plant per hole. Our study indicated that the method of transplanting two plants per hole could be an effective way to increase grain yield in rapeseed production.
In order to explore ways to improve the efficiency of transplanting rapeseed seedlings without reducing the grain yield,six planting densities( 0. 6×105,0. 9×105,1. 2×105,1. 5×105,1. 8×105 and 2. 1 × 105 plant per hectare)and two transplanting methods( two plants per hole and one plant per hole) were applied to study the interactive effects of planting density and transplanting method on yield and agronomic traits at maturity for different types of rapeseed varieties ( Zhenyou5,a medium plant-type variety and Zhenyou7,a compact plant-type variety). The highest grain yield was achieved at 3 560 kg/hm2 for the compact plant-type variety Zhenyou 7 when the planting density was 1. 8 × 105 plants per hectare and two plants were transplanted into one hole. With the increase in density,grain yield increased first and then decreased, the pod number perplant,1 000-grain weight,root crown diameter,pod number of main inflorescence,number of first-grade branch,pod number of first-grade branch,the number of the second-grade branch and pod number of second-grade branch were in a fluctuant downward trend on a whole. Plant height was gradually decreased and then increased,branch height and length of main inflorescence were in a fluctuant upward trend,and pod length was fluctuant changed as the increase in planting density. The seed number per pod in the treatment of one plant per hole increased first and then decreased,while the seed number per pod in the treatment of two plants per hole showed a downward trend for the medium plant-type variety and was first promoted and then decreased for the compact plant-type variety. The compact-type variety was more suitable to high planting density than the medium plant-type variety. Within the same plant-type variety,the grain yield under the treatment of two plants per hole was higher than that under the treatment of one plant per hole. Our study indicated that the method of transplanting two plants per hole could be an effective way to increase grain yield in rapeseed production.
引文
[1]张洁夫,戚存扣,蒋小平,等. 1982-2012年江苏省审定油菜品种系谱及性状分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2014,15(4):713-719.
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[8]马霓,张春雷,李俊,等.种植密度对直播油菜结实期源库关系及产量的调节[J].中国油料作物学报,2009,31(2):180-184.
[9]黄光昱,吴江生,许敏,等.栽培因子对华油杂9号产量的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2006,45(6):727-729.
[10]钟林光,王朝晖.播期和种植密度对油菜品种湘杂油7号产量及品质的影响[J].南方农业学报,2010,41(6):536-538.
[11]董晓芳,田保明,姚永芳,等.密度对油菜品种机械化收获特性的影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(3):71-74.
[12]朱珊,李银水,余常兵,等.密度和氮肥用量对油菜产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2013,35(2):179-184.
[13]宋稀,刘凤兰,郑普英,等.高密度种植专用油菜重要农艺性状与产量的关系分析[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(9):1800-1806.
[14] DIEPENBROCK W. Yield analysis of winter oilseed rape(Brassi-ca napus L.):a review[J]. Field Crops Research,2000,67(1):35-49.
[15] KUAI J,SUN Y,ZUO Q,et al. The yield of mechanically harves-ted rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)can be increased by optimumplant density and row spacing[J]. Scientific Reports,2015,5(18835):18835.
[16]王洁,顾贤永,沈永干,等.油菜不同株数穴栽方式试验研究[J].上海农业科技,2011(1):45-45.
[17]唐校强,曹流俭,周可金,等.移栽密度和方式对油菜生长发育与产量的影响[J].安徽农业大学学报,2012,39(3):430-434.
[18]陈新军,戚存扣,高建芹,等.不同栽培密度对杂交油菜产量的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2001(1):29-30.
[19]李改珍,艾复清,赵宇航.不同密度及施氮量对油菜产量的影响[J].山地农业生物学报,2004,23(3):198-201.
[20]叶剑,孙万仓,武军艳,等.群体密度对冬油菜产量和经济性状的影响[J].西北农业学报,2008,17(3):171-175.
[21]岳绪国,顾炳朝,唐泽庆,等.不同密度水平对甘蓝型油菜“镇油5号”产量及经济性状的影响[J].江西农业学报,2008,20(11):45-46.
[22]杨经泽,刘凤兰,李光明,等.油菜新品种中双9号不同栽培密度试验[J].湖北农业科学,2004(3):39-41.
[23]苏伟,鲁剑巍,周广生,等.免耕及直播密度对油菜生长、养分吸收和产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(7):1519-1526.
[24]路志达,陈俊义,蒋杏华,等.密度、氮肥、钾肥与油菜产量关系的研究[J].上海农业科技,2001(4):29-30.
[25]胡正军,田祖庆,李国安,等.棉地油菜一穴双株移栽应用初报[J].作物研究,2006,20(3):259-260.
[2]付三雄,张洁夫,周晓婴,等.优质化学杀雄两系杂交油菜“宁杂1838”的选育[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(13):64-66.
[3]农全东,杨永超,文和明.双低油菜育种进展[J].安徽农业科学,2014(35):12434-12436.
[4]王汉中.我国油菜产业发展的历史回顾与展望[J].中国油料作物学报,2010,32(2):300-302.
[5]官春云.中国油菜产业发展方向[J].粮食科技与经济,2011,36(2):5-6.
[6]刘成,黄杰,冷博峰,等.我国油菜产业现状、发展困境及建议[J].中国农业大学学报,2017,22(12):203-210.
[7]杨国平,毛顺华.不同种植密度对油菜产量的影响试验[J].广西农学报,2013,28(4):8-10.
[8]马霓,张春雷,李俊,等.种植密度对直播油菜结实期源库关系及产量的调节[J].中国油料作物学报,2009,31(2):180-184.
[9]黄光昱,吴江生,许敏,等.栽培因子对华油杂9号产量的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2006,45(6):727-729.
[10]钟林光,王朝晖.播期和种植密度对油菜品种湘杂油7号产量及品质的影响[J].南方农业学报,2010,41(6):536-538.
[11]董晓芳,田保明,姚永芳,等.密度对油菜品种机械化收获特性的影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(3):71-74.
[12]朱珊,李银水,余常兵,等.密度和氮肥用量对油菜产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2013,35(2):179-184.
[13]宋稀,刘凤兰,郑普英,等.高密度种植专用油菜重要农艺性状与产量的关系分析[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(9):1800-1806.
[14] DIEPENBROCK W. Yield analysis of winter oilseed rape(Brassi-ca napus L.):a review[J]. Field Crops Research,2000,67(1):35-49.
[15] KUAI J,SUN Y,ZUO Q,et al. The yield of mechanically harves-ted rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)can be increased by optimumplant density and row spacing[J]. Scientific Reports,2015,5(18835):18835.
[16]王洁,顾贤永,沈永干,等.油菜不同株数穴栽方式试验研究[J].上海农业科技,2011(1):45-45.
[17]唐校强,曹流俭,周可金,等.移栽密度和方式对油菜生长发育与产量的影响[J].安徽农业大学学报,2012,39(3):430-434.
[18]陈新军,戚存扣,高建芹,等.不同栽培密度对杂交油菜产量的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2001(1):29-30.
[19]李改珍,艾复清,赵宇航.不同密度及施氮量对油菜产量的影响[J].山地农业生物学报,2004,23(3):198-201.
[20]叶剑,孙万仓,武军艳,等.群体密度对冬油菜产量和经济性状的影响[J].西北农业学报,2008,17(3):171-175.
[21]岳绪国,顾炳朝,唐泽庆,等.不同密度水平对甘蓝型油菜“镇油5号”产量及经济性状的影响[J].江西农业学报,2008,20(11):45-46.
[22]杨经泽,刘凤兰,李光明,等.油菜新品种中双9号不同栽培密度试验[J].湖北农业科学,2004(3):39-41.
[23]苏伟,鲁剑巍,周广生,等.免耕及直播密度对油菜生长、养分吸收和产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(7):1519-1526.
[24]路志达,陈俊义,蒋杏华,等.密度、氮肥、钾肥与油菜产量关系的研究[J].上海农业科技,2001(4):29-30.
[25]胡正军,田祖庆,李国安,等.棉地油菜一穴双株移栽应用初报[J].作物研究,2006,20(3):259-260.