文氏管非定常空化流动可视化实验研究
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摘要
结合高速摄影和脉动压力测量技术,在模拟发动机供应系统动力学边界条件的基础上,开展了某型文氏管非定常空化流动可视化实验研究.获得了空化区详细的内部结构和脉动压力数据,分析了空化区形态的变化和非定常特性.结果表明:随着空化数的降低,文氏管流场从初生空化、膜状空化,过渡至云状空化.在云状空化阶段,文氏管空化流场呈现出复杂的动态过程,空化区可以划分为附着型环向气泡膜和脱落型气泡云.附着型气泡膜作为一个整体,相对较为稳定,内部的压力波动很小.脱落型气泡云上存在大块云团的断裂、脱落和溃灭过程,产生明显的脉动压力峰,脉动压力在频域上表现为无固定频率的宽频带.空化区下游存在局部的高速逆向射流,驱动附着型气泡膜长度不断缩短和伸长,使得气泡膜的长度沿周向也出现明显的不一致.在云状空化阶段,文氏管下游系统出现了290～400 Hz范围的系统性自激振荡.
A visualization experiment of a venturi tube unsteady cavitating flows was conducted, by combining high speed visualization and dynamic pressure measurement technology, on the base of simulating the dynamical boundary conditions of the engine feed system.The detailed interior structure of cavitating flows and the pressure fluctuation data were captured. The variation of cavity shapes and the unsteady characteristics were analyzed. The experiment results indicate that as the cavitation number decreases, the venturi tube cavitating flow is changed from inception cavitation to film cavitation, and to cloud cavitation. At cloud cavitation stage, the venturi tube cavitating flows are revealed as some very complex dynamical processes. The cloud cavitating zone can be divided as attached annular cavity film and detached cavity cloud. The attached cavity film is relatively stable as a whole, and its inner pressure fluctuation is really little. It is found that large part of cavity cloud is breaking and shedding from the total detached cavity cloud, and is going to collapse. These processes induce evident pressure fluctuation pulses, which have wide frequency range but not fixable frequency peak in the frequency region. At the aft end of the cavity cloud, the local high velocity re-entrant flow is discovered, which drives the axial length of attached cavity film shortening and extending, and induces the film length obviously unequal along the circle. The self-oscillation of 290–400 Hz also takes place at the downstream system of venturi tube, at the cloud cavitation stage.
A visualization experiment of a venturi tube unsteady cavitating flows was conducted, by combining high speed visualization and dynamic pressure measurement technology, on the base of simulating the dynamical boundary conditions of the engine feed system.The detailed interior structure of cavitating flows and the pressure fluctuation data were captured. The variation of cavity shapes and the unsteady characteristics were analyzed. The experiment results indicate that as the cavitation number decreases, the venturi tube cavitating flow is changed from inception cavitation to film cavitation, and to cloud cavitation. At cloud cavitation stage, the venturi tube cavitating flows are revealed as some very complex dynamical processes. The cloud cavitating zone can be divided as attached annular cavity film and detached cavity cloud. The attached cavity film is relatively stable as a whole, and its inner pressure fluctuation is really little. It is found that large part of cavity cloud is breaking and shedding from the total detached cavity cloud, and is going to collapse. These processes induce evident pressure fluctuation pulses, which have wide frequency range but not fixable frequency peak in the frequency region. At the aft end of the cavity cloud, the local high velocity re-entrant flow is discovered, which drives the axial length of attached cavity film shortening and extending, and induces the film length obviously unequal along the circle. The self-oscillation of 290–400 Hz also takes place at the downstream system of venturi tube, at the cloud cavitation stage.
引文
1任汉芬,刘国球,朱宁昌,等.液体火箭发动机原理.北京:中国宇航出版社,2005
2李向宾,王国玉,张敏弟,等.绕Hydronautics水翼空化漩涡的高速录像观察.工程热物理学报,2006,27:426-428
3尹必行,康灿.绕水翼空化流场的数值模拟与试验研究.机械工程学报,2012,48:146-151
4张博,王国玉,黄彪,等.绕水翼空化非定常动力特性的时频分析.实验流体力学,2009,23:44-49
5高远,黄彪,吴钦,等.绕水翼空化流动及振动特性的实验研究.力学学报,2015,47:1009-1016
6 Hu C,Wang G,Huang B.Experimental investigation on cavitating flow shedding over an axisymmetric blunt body.Chin J Mech Eng,2015,28:387-393
7陈广豪,王国玉,黄彪.云状空化的非定常流体动力特性.船舶力学,2016,20:1-9
8 Huang B,Wang G Y.A modified density based cavitation model for time dependent turbulent cavitating flow computations.Chin Sci Bull,2011,56:1985-1992
9 Huang B,Wang G Y,Zhao Y,et al.Physical and numerical investigation on transient cavitating flows.Sci China Technol Sci,2013,56:2207-2218
10赵宇,王国玉,黄彪,等.非定常空化流动涡旋运动及其流体动力特性.力学学报,2014,46:191-200
11 Zhao Y,Wang G,Huang B.A cavitation model for computations of unsteady cavitating flows.Acta Mech Sin,2016,32:273-283
12 Zhang X B,Zhang W,Chen J Y,et al.Validation of dynamic cavitation model for unsteady cavitating flow on NACA66.Sci China Technol Sci,2014,57:819-827
13 Xu C,Heister S D,Field R.Modeling cavitating venturi flows.J Propulsion Power,2002,18:1227-1234
14 Ahuja V,Hosangadi A.Simulations of cavitation in orifice and venturis.PVP 2007-26639
15张小斌,曹萧丽,邱利民,等.液氧文氏管空化特性计算流体力学研究.化工学报,2009,60:1638-1643
16赵东方,朱佳凯,徐璐,等.文氏管中低温流体空化过程可视化实验研究.低温工程,2015,6:56-61
17赵东方.液氮文氏管空化动态特性可视化实验研究.硕士学位论文.杭州:浙江大学,2016
18 Zhu J,Xie H,Feng K,et al.Unsteady cavitation characteristics of liquid nitrogen flows through venturi tube.Int J Heat Mass Transfer,2017,112:544-552
19 Hitt M,Lineberry D,Ahuja V,et al.Experimental investigation of cavitation induced feedline instability from an orifice.AIAA 2012-4209,2012
20陈晖,李斌,张恩昭,等.液体火箭发动机高转速诱导轮旋转空化.推进技术,2009,30:390-395
21 Okita K,Ugajin H,Matsumoto Y.Numerical analysis of the influence of the tip clearance flows on the unsteady cavitating flows in a threedimensional inducer.J HydroDyn Ser B,2009,21:34-40
22 Zhang R,Chen H.Numerical analysis of cavitation within slanted axial-flow pump.J HydroDyn Ser B,2013,25:663-672
23 Luo X,Ji B,Tsujimoto Y.A review of cavitation in hydraulic machinery.J HydroDyn Ser B,2016,28:335-358
24王国刚,孙冬柏,张秀丽,等.空泡溃灭过程中力学损伤行为.北京科技大学学报,2007,29:483-485
25 Cai J,Huai X,Li X.Dynamic behaviors of cavitation bubble for the steady cavitating flow.J Therm Sci,2009,18:338-344
26 Luo J,Xu W L,Li R.High-speed photographic observation of collapse of two cavitation bubbles.Sci China Technol Sci,2016,59:1707-1716
2李向宾,王国玉,张敏弟,等.绕Hydronautics水翼空化漩涡的高速录像观察.工程热物理学报,2006,27:426-428
3尹必行,康灿.绕水翼空化流场的数值模拟与试验研究.机械工程学报,2012,48:146-151
4张博,王国玉,黄彪,等.绕水翼空化非定常动力特性的时频分析.实验流体力学,2009,23:44-49
5高远,黄彪,吴钦,等.绕水翼空化流动及振动特性的实验研究.力学学报,2015,47:1009-1016
6 Hu C,Wang G,Huang B.Experimental investigation on cavitating flow shedding over an axisymmetric blunt body.Chin J Mech Eng,2015,28:387-393
7陈广豪,王国玉,黄彪.云状空化的非定常流体动力特性.船舶力学,2016,20:1-9
8 Huang B,Wang G Y.A modified density based cavitation model for time dependent turbulent cavitating flow computations.Chin Sci Bull,2011,56:1985-1992
9 Huang B,Wang G Y,Zhao Y,et al.Physical and numerical investigation on transient cavitating flows.Sci China Technol Sci,2013,56:2207-2218
10赵宇,王国玉,黄彪,等.非定常空化流动涡旋运动及其流体动力特性.力学学报,2014,46:191-200
11 Zhao Y,Wang G,Huang B.A cavitation model for computations of unsteady cavitating flows.Acta Mech Sin,2016,32:273-283
12 Zhang X B,Zhang W,Chen J Y,et al.Validation of dynamic cavitation model for unsteady cavitating flow on NACA66.Sci China Technol Sci,2014,57:819-827
13 Xu C,Heister S D,Field R.Modeling cavitating venturi flows.J Propulsion Power,2002,18:1227-1234
14 Ahuja V,Hosangadi A.Simulations of cavitation in orifice and venturis.PVP 2007-26639
15张小斌,曹萧丽,邱利民,等.液氧文氏管空化特性计算流体力学研究.化工学报,2009,60:1638-1643
16赵东方,朱佳凯,徐璐,等.文氏管中低温流体空化过程可视化实验研究.低温工程,2015,6:56-61
17赵东方.液氮文氏管空化动态特性可视化实验研究.硕士学位论文.杭州:浙江大学,2016
18 Zhu J,Xie H,Feng K,et al.Unsteady cavitation characteristics of liquid nitrogen flows through venturi tube.Int J Heat Mass Transfer,2017,112:544-552
19 Hitt M,Lineberry D,Ahuja V,et al.Experimental investigation of cavitation induced feedline instability from an orifice.AIAA 2012-4209,2012
20陈晖,李斌,张恩昭,等.液体火箭发动机高转速诱导轮旋转空化.推进技术,2009,30:390-395
21 Okita K,Ugajin H,Matsumoto Y.Numerical analysis of the influence of the tip clearance flows on the unsteady cavitating flows in a threedimensional inducer.J HydroDyn Ser B,2009,21:34-40
22 Zhang R,Chen H.Numerical analysis of cavitation within slanted axial-flow pump.J HydroDyn Ser B,2013,25:663-672
23 Luo X,Ji B,Tsujimoto Y.A review of cavitation in hydraulic machinery.J HydroDyn Ser B,2016,28:335-358
24王国刚,孙冬柏,张秀丽,等.空泡溃灭过程中力学损伤行为.北京科技大学学报,2007,29:483-485
25 Cai J,Huai X,Li X.Dynamic behaviors of cavitation bubble for the steady cavitating flow.J Therm Sci,2009,18:338-344
26 Luo J,Xu W L,Li R.High-speed photographic observation of collapse of two cavitation bubbles.Sci China Technol Sci,2016,59:1707-1716