空间带电粒子对X射线通信信噪比的影响
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摘要
针对空间粒子环境对X射线通信系统的影响,分析了空间带电粒子,尤其是高能电子与X射线通信的收发天线——多层嵌套式X射线聚焦光学相互作用产生荧光X射线的过程;使用蒙特卡洛软件MCNP仿真了电子与聚焦光学相互作用,产生荧光X射线光子的量子效率;建立了电子枪与多层嵌套式X射线聚焦光学相互作用的数学模型并搭建相关实验平台,使用具有高能量分辨率的硅漂移探测器实测了荧光X射线的数量和能量分布,计算了荧光X射线光子对X射线通信系统信噪比的影响.实验与计算结果表明:在入射电子流量为1×108 cps/cm2/s量级,能量1~20keV时,X射线通信系统的信噪比优于15.1dB.多层嵌套式X聚焦光学可以有效地滤除空间电子对X射线通信的干扰,提高信号增益.
A model of electron interacting with nested X-ray focusing optics was designed firstly.Then the process of electrons interacting with coating material of X-ray focusing optics and the quantum efficiency of X-ray source by using a Monte Carlo N Particle transport code was analysized.Simulation results accord well with the analyze results.Finally,a silicon drift detector,which has an energy resolution of 125 eV was used to analysis the energy spectrum in the focal point.In the detecting part,Xray photons are composed of two parts,signal photons generated by the X-ray source and noisy X-ray photons generated from nested X-ray focusing optics′coating material.According to different conditions of X-ray source and electron gun voltage,the number of signal photon,noisy photon and signal to noise ratio of the X-ray communication demonstration system then can be calculated.Experiment and calculate results show that nested X-ray focusing optics can effectively filter spatial particles,which will optimize the signal to noise ratio of X-ray communication system.When the number of incident electrons is about1×108 counts per second with an energy distribution from 1~20keV,signal to noise ratio of the X-ray communication demonstration system can reach at least 15.1dB.These results will provide foundations for optimizing the core parameters of X-ray communication system in the future.
A model of electron interacting with nested X-ray focusing optics was designed firstly.Then the process of electrons interacting with coating material of X-ray focusing optics and the quantum efficiency of X-ray source by using a Monte Carlo N Particle transport code was analysized.Simulation results accord well with the analyze results.Finally,a silicon drift detector,which has an energy resolution of 125 eV was used to analysis the energy spectrum in the focal point.In the detecting part,Xray photons are composed of two parts,signal photons generated by the X-ray source and noisy X-ray photons generated from nested X-ray focusing optics′coating material.According to different conditions of X-ray source and electron gun voltage,the number of signal photon,noisy photon and signal to noise ratio of the X-ray communication demonstration system then can be calculated.Experiment and calculate results show that nested X-ray focusing optics can effectively filter spatial particles,which will optimize the signal to noise ratio of X-ray communication system.When the number of incident electrons is about1×108 counts per second with an energy distribution from 1~20keV,signal to noise ratio of the X-ray communication demonstration system can reach at least 15.1dB.These results will provide foundations for optimizing the core parameters of X-ray communication system in the future.
引文
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[2]SONG Shi-bing,XU Lu-ping,ZHANG Hua,et al.Novel X-ray communication based XNAV augmentation method using X-ray detectors[J].Sensors 2015,15(9):22325-22342.
[3]LIU Duo,QIANG Peng-fei,LI Lin-sen,et al.X-ray focusing optics and its application in X-ray communication system[J].Acta Physica Sinic,2016,65(1):63-68.刘舵,强鹏飞,李林森,等.一种X射线聚焦光学及其在X射线通信中的应用[J].物理学报,2016,65(1):63-68.
[4]WOLTER H.Mirror systems with glancing incidence on image producing optics for X-rays[J].Annals of Physics,1952,94(10):866-875.
[5]NASA′s goddard space flight center[EB/OL].https://phys.org/news/2016-11-nasa-navcube-x-ray-spacea.html.2016-11-4.
[6]LI Huan,TANG Xiao-bin,HUANG Shuang,et al.Potential application of X-ray communication through a plasma sheath encountered during spacecraft reentry into earth′s atmosphere[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2017,121:123101.
[7]GUO Le-hui,TIAN Jin-shou,LU Yu,et al.Optimization of the 3-inch photomultiplier tube for the neutrino detection[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2016,65(22):305-316.郭乐慧,田进寿,卢裕,等.一种用于中微子探测的3-inch光电倍增管的优化设计[J].物理学报,2016,65(22):305-316.
[8]CUI Huai-yu,ZHAO Yong-peng,JIANG Shan,et al.Experiment of Si target ablation with soft X-ray laser operating at a wavelength of 46.9nm[J].Optics&Laser Technology,2013,46(1):20-24.
[9]DEGTYAREVA,VALENTINA P,et al.Femtosecond streak tubes designing,manufacturing,and testing[J].SPIE,4948(2002):281-290.
[10]FANG Mei-hua,WEI Zhi-yong,ZHANG Zi-xia,et al.Micro-track structure analysis for 100MeV Si ions in CR-39by using atomic force microscopy[J].Chinese Physics B,2013,22(11):436-439.
[11]CHEN Yi-feng,YANG Sheng-sheng,LI De-tian,et al.Influences of secondary Emission and back sacttered electrons on spacecraft surface charge potential[J].Modern Applied Physics,2104,5(03):223-226.陈益峰,杨生胜,李得天,等.二次电子和背散射电子发射对卫星表面电位的影响[J].现代应用物理,2014,5(03):223-226.
[12]马晓飞.基于空间X射线通信的脉冲发射源研究[D].中国科学院研究生院(西安光学精密机械研究所),2014.
[13]ZSCHORNACK,et al.Handbook of X-Ray Data[M].Springer Berlin Heidelberg,2007.
[14]TIAN Jin-shou,BAI Yong-lin,LIU Bai-yu,et al.Design of a femotosecond streak tube[J].Acta Photonica Sinica,2006,35(12):1832-1836.田进寿,白永林,刘百玉,等.飞秒条纹变像管的设计[J].光子学报,2006,35(12):1832-1836.
[15]JABLONSKI,D.G.The information-theoretic limits for the performance of X-ray source based navigation(Xnav)and X-ray communication(Xcom)[J].Proceedings of International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation,2009:1458-1466.
[16]RINAURO S,S.COLONNESE G.SCARANO,et al.Fast near-maximum likelihood phase estimation of X-ray pulsars[J].Signal Processing,2013,93.1:326-331.
[17]王凯歌.微束斑X射线源的理论与实验研究[D].中国科学院研究生院(西安光学精密机械研究所),2002.
[18]ZHAO Bao-sheng,SU Tong,LIU Duo,et al.Conspectus of space X-ray communication[M].Beijing:Science Press,2016.赵宝升,苏桐,刘舵,等.空间X射线通信概论[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.
[19]QIANG Peng-fei,LI Lin-sen,LIU Duo,et al,Grid control electron gun with multiple focusing electrode[J].Acta Photonica Sinica,2016,45(4):0423005.强鹏飞,李林森,刘舵,等.多聚焦极栅控电子模拟源的研究[J].光子学报,2016,45(4):0423005.
[20]LIU Duo,QIANG Peng-fei,LI Lin-sen,et al.Multi layer nested X-ray focusing optical device[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2016(8):318-325.刘舵,强鹏飞,李林森,等.多层嵌套式X射线聚焦光学器件[J].光学学报,2016(8):318-325.
[21]TALEEI R,SHAHRIARI M.Monte Carlo simulation of X-ray spectra and evaluation of filter effect using MCNP4C and FLUKA code.[J].Applied Radiation&Isotopes,2009,67(2):266-271.
[22]SU Zhe,XU Lu-ping,WANG Ting.X-ray pulsar-based navigation semi-physical simulation experiment system.[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2011,60(11):819-826.苏哲,许录平,王婷.X射线脉冲星导航半物理仿真实验系统研究[J].物理学报,2011,60(11):819-826.
[23]AY M R,SHAHRIARI M,SARKAR S,et al.Monte carlo simulation of X-ray spectra in diagnostic radiology and mammography using MCNP4C[J].Physics in Medicine&Biology,2004,49(21):4897-4917.
[24]TROJEK T,CECHAK T.Use of MCNP code in energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence[J].Nuclear Instruments&Methods in Physics Research,2007,263(1):72-75.Foundation item:The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61471357)and the Western Light Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences7-2006011