厄尔尼诺年春季中国南海中沙群岛海域鸢乌贼的渔业生物学特性
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摘要
根据厄尔尼诺年春季(2016年3—5月)我国灯光罩网渔船在中国南海中沙群岛海域生产调查期间采集的572尾鸢乌贼样本,对其渔业生物学特性进行了研究,初步探讨了厄尔尼诺现象对鸢乌贼渔业生物学特性的影响。结果显示,厄尔尼诺年间雌性鸢乌贼胴长范围为59.5~207.5 mm,优势胴长组为90~150 mm,占样本总数的66.24%;雄性胴长范围为56.5~236.5 mm,优势胴长组为60~120 mm,占样本总数的78.81%,雌雄样本优势胴长存在显著性差异。雌性样本体质量范围为7~318 g,优势体质量组为20~140 g,占样本总数的70.18%;雄性体质量范围为7~381 g,优势体质量组为0~80 g,占样本总数的92.14%。雌性鸢乌贼净重比例范围为46.59%~86.67%,平均为70.19%;雄性为42.86%~91.11%,平均为73.12%。不同性别间鸢乌贼胴长与体质量、胴长与净重的生长关系存在显著性差异:雌性胴长与体质量、净重的生长均最适合用幂函数表示,而雄性则均适合用指数函数表示。全部鸢乌贼样本的性别比例为41.43∶58.57,雄性样本多于雌性样本;雌雄样本的性成熟度主要以Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期为主,分别占样本总数的61.7%和85.79%。样本胃饱满度以0~2级为主,胃含物主要包括头足类、中上层鱼类、软体动物以及甲壳动物等。厄尔尼诺年间中沙群岛海域的平均表温较上一年度偏低0.213°C,可能会对该海域鸢乌贼的渔业生物学特性产生影响,使其个体变小。
Based on the 572 samples of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis collected by light falling-net fishery during March to May in the spring season in the El Nino year of 2016 in the Zhongsha Islands waters of the South China Sea, the fisheries biological characteristics and the influence of El Nino were studied. The result indicated that the mantle length(ML) range was from 59.5 mm to 207.5 mm with a high concentration in 90 mm to 150 mm accounting for about 66.24 percent for females and from 56.5 mm to 236.5 mm with a high concentration in 60 mm to 120 mm accounting for about 78.81 percent for males, respectively. The body weight(BW) ranged from 7 g to318 g with a dominative weight from 20 g to 140 g accounting for about 70.18 percent for females and ranged from 7 g to 381 g with a dominative weight from 0 g to 80 g accounting for about 92.14 percent for males, respectively. The ration of the somatic body weight(SBW) to BW ranged from 46.59 to 86.67 percent with an average of70.19 percent and from 42.86 to 91.11 percent with an average of 73.12 percent for females and males, respectively. There were significant differences between the BW and SBW growth, and the relationships between the ML to BW and ML to SBW were best described by the power function for females and exponential function for males by the Akaike's information criterion(AIC), respectively. The ratio of females to males was 41.43:58.57, and the samples were most composed of immatue individuals accounting for about 61.7 and 87.79 percent for females and males. The feeding stage was mainly in 0, 1 and 2 grade accounting for 89.42 percent and all of the samples and the food was mainly composed of squids, pelagic fishes, mollusc and crustacean. The result indicated that the average sea surface temperature of the sample waters of the El Nino year of 2016 was 0.213 degrees centigrade lower than the common year of 2015, and the fisheries biological feature of S. oualaniensis was affected by El Nino with a decrease in the body size probably.
Based on the 572 samples of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis collected by light falling-net fishery during March to May in the spring season in the El Nino year of 2016 in the Zhongsha Islands waters of the South China Sea, the fisheries biological characteristics and the influence of El Nino were studied. The result indicated that the mantle length(ML) range was from 59.5 mm to 207.5 mm with a high concentration in 90 mm to 150 mm accounting for about 66.24 percent for females and from 56.5 mm to 236.5 mm with a high concentration in 60 mm to 120 mm accounting for about 78.81 percent for males, respectively. The body weight(BW) ranged from 7 g to318 g with a dominative weight from 20 g to 140 g accounting for about 70.18 percent for females and ranged from 7 g to 381 g with a dominative weight from 0 g to 80 g accounting for about 92.14 percent for males, respectively. The ration of the somatic body weight(SBW) to BW ranged from 46.59 to 86.67 percent with an average of70.19 percent and from 42.86 to 91.11 percent with an average of 73.12 percent for females and males, respectively. There were significant differences between the BW and SBW growth, and the relationships between the ML to BW and ML to SBW were best described by the power function for females and exponential function for males by the Akaike's information criterion(AIC), respectively. The ratio of females to males was 41.43:58.57, and the samples were most composed of immatue individuals accounting for about 61.7 and 87.79 percent for females and males. The feeding stage was mainly in 0, 1 and 2 grade accounting for 89.42 percent and all of the samples and the food was mainly composed of squids, pelagic fishes, mollusc and crustacean. The result indicated that the average sea surface temperature of the sample waters of the El Nino year of 2016 was 0.213 degrees centigrade lower than the common year of 2015, and the fisheries biological feature of S. oualaniensis was affected by El Nino with a decrease in the body size probably.
引文
[1]王尧耕,陈新军.世界大洋性经济柔鱼类资源及其渔业[M].北京:海洋出版社,2005:190-194.Wang Y G,Chen X J.The resource and biology of economic oceanic squid in the world[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,2005:190-194(in Chinese).
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[3]陆化杰,王从军,陈新军.4-6月东太平洋赤道公海鸢乌贼生物学特性初步研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2014,23(3):441-447.Lu H J,Wang C J,Chen X J.Preliminary study on the biological characteristics of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in the high seas nearby the equator of eastern Pacific during April to June[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2014,23(3):441-447(in Chinese).
[4]陈新军,刘金立.利用形态学方法分析印度洋西北部海域鸢乌贼种群结构[J].上海水产大学学报,2007,16(2):174-179.Chen X J,Liu J L.Morphological analysis on population structure of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in the northwestern Indian Ocean[J].Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University,2007,16(2):174-179(in Chinese).
[5]陈新军,邵峰.印度洋西北部公海鸢乌贼资源特征及其与海况的关系[J].中国海洋大学学报,2006,36(4):611-616.Chen X J,Shao F.Study on the resource characteristics of Symlectoteuthis oualaniensis and their relationships with the Sea Conditions in the High Sea of the Northwestern Indian Ocean[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2006,36(4):611-616(in Chinese).
[6]Young R E,Hirota J.Description of Ommastrephes bartramii(Cephalopoda:Ommastrephidae)paralarvae with evidence for spawning in Hawaiian waters[J].Pacific Science,1990,44(1):71-80.
[7]Snyder R.Aspects of the biology of the giant form of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis(Cephalopoda:Ommastrephidae)from the Arabian Sea[J].Journal of Molluscan Study,1998,64:21-34.
[8]Bigelow K.Age and growth of three species of squid paralarvae from Hawaiian waters,as determined by statolith microstructures[D].Hawaii:University ofHawaii,1991.
[9]Siriraksophon S,Nakamura Y.Ecological aspects of the purpleback flying squid,Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis(Lesson)in the South China Sea,West Coast of Philippines[C]//Proceedings of International Conference on the International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange in the Western Pacific.Los Angeles:Oceanographic Data Center,1999:187-194.
[10]Chen X J,Liu B L,Tian S Q,et al.Fishery biology of purpleback squid,Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis,in the northwest Indian Ocean[J].Fisheries Research,2007,83(1):98-104.
[11]刘连为,周永东,陆化杰,刘必林,陈新军.西北太平洋鸢乌贼种群遗传结构[J].水产学报,2017,41(9):1355-1364.Liu L W,Zhou Y D,Lu H J,et al.Genetic structure of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis population in the northwest Pacific Ocean[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2017,41(9):1355-1364(in Chinese).
[12]徐红云,崔雪森,周为峰,等.基于海洋遥感的南海外海鸢乌贼最适栖息环境分析[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(1):3080-3085.Xu H Y,Cui X S,Zhou W F,et al.Analysis on optimal habitats of purpleback flying squid in the open South China Sea based on remote sensing data[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2016,35(1):3080-3085(in Chinese).
[13]邱月,曾少葵,章超桦,等.鸢乌贼和杜氏枪乌贼营养成分分析与比较[J].广东海洋大学学报,2016,36(1):19-24.Qiu Y,Zeng S K,Zhang C H,et al.Nutritional component analysis and quality evaluation of Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis and Loligo duvauceli[J].Journal of Guangdong Ocean University,2016,36(1):19-24(in Chinese).
[14]张俊,陈国宝,陈作志,等.南沙南部陆架海域渔业资源声学评估[J].南方水产科学,2015,11(5):1-10.Zhang J,Chen G B,Chen Z Z,et al.Acoustic estimation of fishery resources in southern continental shelf of Nansha area[J].South China Fisheries Science,2015,11(5):1-10(in Chinese).
[15]陆化杰,陈新军.利用耳石微结构研究西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼的日龄、生长与种群结构[J].水产学报,2012,36(7):1049-1056.Lu H J,Chen X J.Age,growth and population structure of Illex argentinus based on statolith microstructure in Southwest Atlantic Ocean[J].Journal of Fisheries ofChina,2012,36(7):1049-1056(in Chinese).
[16]Haddon M.Modelling and Quantitative Methods in Fisheries[M].Boca Raton,Florida:Chapman and Hall/CRC,2001:227-232.
[17]Hiramatsu K.Application of maximum likelihood method and AIC to fish population dynamics[M]//Matsumiya Y.Fish population dynamics and statistical models.Tokyo:Koseisha Koseikaku,1993:9-21(in Japanese).
[18]Cerrato R M.Interpretable statistical tests for growth comparisons using parameters in the von Bertalanffy equation[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1990,47(7):1416-1426.
[19]Imai C,Sakai H,Katsura K,et al.Growth model for the endangered cyprinid fish Tribolodon nakamurai based on otolith analyses[J].Fisheries Science,2002,68(4):843-848.
[20]Buckland S T,Anderson D R,Burnham K P,et al.Distance sampling:Estimating abundance of biological populations[M].London:Chapman and Hall,1993.
[21]颜云榕,冯波,卢伙胜,等.南沙群岛北部海域鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)夏季渔业生物学研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2012,43(6):1177-1186.Yan Y R,Feng B,Lu H S,et al.Fishery biology of Purpleback flying squid Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in northern sea areas around Nansha Islands in summer[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2012,43(6):1177-1186(in Chinese).
[22]Nesis K N.Population structure of oceanic ommastrephids,with particular reference to Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis:A review[M]//Okutani T,O'Dor R K,Kubodera T.Recent Advances in Fisheries Biology.Tokyo:Tokai University Press,1993:375-383.
[23]Takagi K,Kitahara T,Suzuki N,et al.The age and growth of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis(Cephalopoda:Ommastrephidae)in the Pacific Ocean[J].Bulletin of Marine Science,2002,71(2):1105-1108.
[24]Suzuki T,Yamamoto S,Ishii K,et al.On the flying Squid Stenotuthis oualaniensis(Lesson)in Hawaiian waters[J].Bulletin of the Faculty of Fisheries,Hokkaido University,1986,37(2):111-123.
[25]Okutani T,Tung I H.Reviews of biology of commercially important squids in Japanese and adjacent waters.I.Symlectoteuthis oualaniensis(Lesson)[J].The Veliger,1987,21(1):87-94.
[26]李娟,左军成,李艳芳,等.南海海表温度的低频变化及影响因素[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2011,39(5):575-582.Li J,Zuo J C,Li Y F,et al.Low-frequency variation and influence factors of sea surface temperature in South China Sea[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2011,39(5):575-582(in Chinese).
[27]刘成程,张文超,晏宏.南海西沙海域温度异常对厄尔尼诺-南方涛动活动的响应[J].地球环境学报,2017,8(2):148-156.Liu C C,Zhang W C,Yan H.Relationship between El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation events and regional sea surface temperature anomalies around the Xisha Islands,South China Sea[J].Journal of Earth Environment,2017,8(2):148-156(in Chinese).
[28]Chen X J,Zhao X H,Chen Y.Influence of El Ni?o/La Ni?a on the western winter-spring cohort of neon flying squid(Ommastrephes bartramii)in the northwestern Pacific Ocean[J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,2007,64(6):1152-1160.
[29]Ichii T,Mahapatra K,Watanabe T,et al.Occurrence of jumbo flying squid Dosidicus gigas aggregations associated with the countercurrent ridge off the Costa Rica Dome during 1997 El Ni?o and 1999 La Ni?a[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2002,231:151-166.
[30]朱凯,杜飞雁,王雪辉,等.南海中南部鸢乌贼中型群群体结构[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(4):1370-1376.Zhu K,Du F Y,Wang X H,et al.Morphological variations and discrimination of medium form of the purple flying squid Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in the central and southern South China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2017,28(4):1370-1376(in Chinese).
[2]张鹏,杨吝,张旭丰,等.南海金枪鱼和鸢乌贼资源开发现状及前景[J].南方水产,2010,6(1):68-74.Zhang P,Yang L,Zhang X F,et al.The present status and prospect on exploitotion of tuna and squid fishery resources in South China Sea[J].South China Fisheries Science,2010,6(1):68-74(in Chinese).
[3]陆化杰,王从军,陈新军.4-6月东太平洋赤道公海鸢乌贼生物学特性初步研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2014,23(3):441-447.Lu H J,Wang C J,Chen X J.Preliminary study on the biological characteristics of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in the high seas nearby the equator of eastern Pacific during April to June[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2014,23(3):441-447(in Chinese).
[4]陈新军,刘金立.利用形态学方法分析印度洋西北部海域鸢乌贼种群结构[J].上海水产大学学报,2007,16(2):174-179.Chen X J,Liu J L.Morphological analysis on population structure of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in the northwestern Indian Ocean[J].Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University,2007,16(2):174-179(in Chinese).
[5]陈新军,邵峰.印度洋西北部公海鸢乌贼资源特征及其与海况的关系[J].中国海洋大学学报,2006,36(4):611-616.Chen X J,Shao F.Study on the resource characteristics of Symlectoteuthis oualaniensis and their relationships with the Sea Conditions in the High Sea of the Northwestern Indian Ocean[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2006,36(4):611-616(in Chinese).
[6]Young R E,Hirota J.Description of Ommastrephes bartramii(Cephalopoda:Ommastrephidae)paralarvae with evidence for spawning in Hawaiian waters[J].Pacific Science,1990,44(1):71-80.
[7]Snyder R.Aspects of the biology of the giant form of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis(Cephalopoda:Ommastrephidae)from the Arabian Sea[J].Journal of Molluscan Study,1998,64:21-34.
[8]Bigelow K.Age and growth of three species of squid paralarvae from Hawaiian waters,as determined by statolith microstructures[D].Hawaii:University ofHawaii,1991.
[9]Siriraksophon S,Nakamura Y.Ecological aspects of the purpleback flying squid,Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis(Lesson)in the South China Sea,West Coast of Philippines[C]//Proceedings of International Conference on the International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange in the Western Pacific.Los Angeles:Oceanographic Data Center,1999:187-194.
[10]Chen X J,Liu B L,Tian S Q,et al.Fishery biology of purpleback squid,Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis,in the northwest Indian Ocean[J].Fisheries Research,2007,83(1):98-104.
[11]刘连为,周永东,陆化杰,刘必林,陈新军.西北太平洋鸢乌贼种群遗传结构[J].水产学报,2017,41(9):1355-1364.Liu L W,Zhou Y D,Lu H J,et al.Genetic structure of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis population in the northwest Pacific Ocean[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2017,41(9):1355-1364(in Chinese).
[12]徐红云,崔雪森,周为峰,等.基于海洋遥感的南海外海鸢乌贼最适栖息环境分析[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(1):3080-3085.Xu H Y,Cui X S,Zhou W F,et al.Analysis on optimal habitats of purpleback flying squid in the open South China Sea based on remote sensing data[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2016,35(1):3080-3085(in Chinese).
[13]邱月,曾少葵,章超桦,等.鸢乌贼和杜氏枪乌贼营养成分分析与比较[J].广东海洋大学学报,2016,36(1):19-24.Qiu Y,Zeng S K,Zhang C H,et al.Nutritional component analysis and quality evaluation of Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis and Loligo duvauceli[J].Journal of Guangdong Ocean University,2016,36(1):19-24(in Chinese).
[14]张俊,陈国宝,陈作志,等.南沙南部陆架海域渔业资源声学评估[J].南方水产科学,2015,11(5):1-10.Zhang J,Chen G B,Chen Z Z,et al.Acoustic estimation of fishery resources in southern continental shelf of Nansha area[J].South China Fisheries Science,2015,11(5):1-10(in Chinese).
[15]陆化杰,陈新军.利用耳石微结构研究西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼的日龄、生长与种群结构[J].水产学报,2012,36(7):1049-1056.Lu H J,Chen X J.Age,growth and population structure of Illex argentinus based on statolith microstructure in Southwest Atlantic Ocean[J].Journal of Fisheries ofChina,2012,36(7):1049-1056(in Chinese).
[16]Haddon M.Modelling and Quantitative Methods in Fisheries[M].Boca Raton,Florida:Chapman and Hall/CRC,2001:227-232.
[17]Hiramatsu K.Application of maximum likelihood method and AIC to fish population dynamics[M]//Matsumiya Y.Fish population dynamics and statistical models.Tokyo:Koseisha Koseikaku,1993:9-21(in Japanese).
[18]Cerrato R M.Interpretable statistical tests for growth comparisons using parameters in the von Bertalanffy equation[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1990,47(7):1416-1426.
[19]Imai C,Sakai H,Katsura K,et al.Growth model for the endangered cyprinid fish Tribolodon nakamurai based on otolith analyses[J].Fisheries Science,2002,68(4):843-848.
[20]Buckland S T,Anderson D R,Burnham K P,et al.Distance sampling:Estimating abundance of biological populations[M].London:Chapman and Hall,1993.
[21]颜云榕,冯波,卢伙胜,等.南沙群岛北部海域鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)夏季渔业生物学研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2012,43(6):1177-1186.Yan Y R,Feng B,Lu H S,et al.Fishery biology of Purpleback flying squid Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in northern sea areas around Nansha Islands in summer[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2012,43(6):1177-1186(in Chinese).
[22]Nesis K N.Population structure of oceanic ommastrephids,with particular reference to Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis:A review[M]//Okutani T,O'Dor R K,Kubodera T.Recent Advances in Fisheries Biology.Tokyo:Tokai University Press,1993:375-383.
[23]Takagi K,Kitahara T,Suzuki N,et al.The age and growth of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis(Cephalopoda:Ommastrephidae)in the Pacific Ocean[J].Bulletin of Marine Science,2002,71(2):1105-1108.
[24]Suzuki T,Yamamoto S,Ishii K,et al.On the flying Squid Stenotuthis oualaniensis(Lesson)in Hawaiian waters[J].Bulletin of the Faculty of Fisheries,Hokkaido University,1986,37(2):111-123.
[25]Okutani T,Tung I H.Reviews of biology of commercially important squids in Japanese and adjacent waters.I.Symlectoteuthis oualaniensis(Lesson)[J].The Veliger,1987,21(1):87-94.
[26]李娟,左军成,李艳芳,等.南海海表温度的低频变化及影响因素[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2011,39(5):575-582.Li J,Zuo J C,Li Y F,et al.Low-frequency variation and influence factors of sea surface temperature in South China Sea[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2011,39(5):575-582(in Chinese).
[27]刘成程,张文超,晏宏.南海西沙海域温度异常对厄尔尼诺-南方涛动活动的响应[J].地球环境学报,2017,8(2):148-156.Liu C C,Zhang W C,Yan H.Relationship between El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation events and regional sea surface temperature anomalies around the Xisha Islands,South China Sea[J].Journal of Earth Environment,2017,8(2):148-156(in Chinese).
[28]Chen X J,Zhao X H,Chen Y.Influence of El Ni?o/La Ni?a on the western winter-spring cohort of neon flying squid(Ommastrephes bartramii)in the northwestern Pacific Ocean[J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,2007,64(6):1152-1160.
[29]Ichii T,Mahapatra K,Watanabe T,et al.Occurrence of jumbo flying squid Dosidicus gigas aggregations associated with the countercurrent ridge off the Costa Rica Dome during 1997 El Ni?o and 1999 La Ni?a[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2002,231:151-166.
[30]朱凯,杜飞雁,王雪辉,等.南海中南部鸢乌贼中型群群体结构[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(4):1370-1376.Zhu K,Du F Y,Wang X H,et al.Morphological variations and discrimination of medium form of the purple flying squid Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in the central and southern South China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2017,28(4):1370-1376(in Chinese).