围垦对条子泥互花米草种群年季扩张特征的影响
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摘要
为了解围垦对入侵植物互花米草种群扩张的影响,借助无人机航测技术,观测了2017年5月—2018年7月江苏盐城滨海湿地条子泥围垦大堤内外互花米草种群面积的年季变化,并结合实地监测数据,分析了土壤含水率、土壤盐度、生长地高程、地表水位对互花米草生长和种群面积的影响。结果表明:围垦显著降低了互花米草的扩张速度,观测期间堤内面积增幅为21%,而未围垦的堤外增幅超过400%,且互花米草扩张具有明显的季节性,堤内和堤外快速扩张的季节分别为秋季和夏季;围垦区土壤含水率和盐度分别较围垦区外平均降低25%和50%;互花米草植株高度与生长地高程之间存在显著正相关性(P<0.01);互花米草种群的扩张距离与地表水位呈显著正相关性(P<0.01)。研究表明,围垦工程阻断了互花米草海水传播的途径,改变了围垦区土壤水盐条件,进而抑制了互花米草的扩张。
In order to explore the impact of reclamation on the expansion of Spartina alterniflora(a kind of invasive species)population, the annual and seasonal changes of Spartina alterniflora population distributed inside and outside the embankment was observed in the Yancheng coastal wetland, Jiangsu Province from May 2017 to July 2018 with the help of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)monitoring tech?nology. Combined with field monitoring data, the effects of soil moisture content, soil salinity, growth elevation, and surface water level on the growth and population area of Spartina alterniflora were analyzed. The results showed that the reclamation significantly reduced the ex?pansion rate of Spartina alterniflora, and the area inside the embankment increased by 21% during the observation period, while the area outside the embankment increased by more than 400%. The population expansion inside and outside the embankment of Spartina alterniflo?ra had obvious seasonality, and the seasons of expansion were autumn and summer respectively. The soil moisture content and salinity in the reclamation area decreased by 25% and 50% respectively compared with the area outside the embankment. There was a significant pos?itive correlation between the height of Spartina alterniflora and the elevation of the growing area(P<0.01). The expansion distance of Spar?tina alterniflora population was significantly positively correlated with surface water level(P<0.01). The reclamation project blocked the transmission path of Spartina alterniflora, and seawater changed the soil water and salt conditions in the reclamation area, and thus inhibit?ed the expansion of Spartina alterniflora.
In order to explore the impact of reclamation on the expansion of Spartina alterniflora(a kind of invasive species)population, the annual and seasonal changes of Spartina alterniflora population distributed inside and outside the embankment was observed in the Yancheng coastal wetland, Jiangsu Province from May 2017 to July 2018 with the help of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)monitoring tech?nology. Combined with field monitoring data, the effects of soil moisture content, soil salinity, growth elevation, and surface water level on the growth and population area of Spartina alterniflora were analyzed. The results showed that the reclamation significantly reduced the ex?pansion rate of Spartina alterniflora, and the area inside the embankment increased by 21% during the observation period, while the area outside the embankment increased by more than 400%. The population expansion inside and outside the embankment of Spartina alterniflo?ra had obvious seasonality, and the seasons of expansion were autumn and summer respectively. The soil moisture content and salinity in the reclamation area decreased by 25% and 50% respectively compared with the area outside the embankment. There was a significant pos?itive correlation between the height of Spartina alterniflora and the elevation of the growing area(P<0.01). The expansion distance of Spar?tina alterniflora population was significantly positively correlated with surface water level(P<0.01). The reclamation project blocked the transmission path of Spartina alterniflora, and seawater changed the soil water and salt conditions in the reclamation area, and thus inhibit?ed the expansion of Spartina alterniflora.
引文
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[2]王磊,何冬梅,江浩,等.江苏滨海湿地生态系统服务功能价值评估[J].生态科学, 2016, 35(5):169-175.WANG Lei, HE Dong-mei, JIANG Hao, et al. Evaluation of coastal wetland ecosystem services in Jiangsu Province[J]. Ecological Science,2016, 35(5):169-175.
[3] Cui L L, Li G S, Ouyang N L, et al. Analyzing coastal wetland degrada?tion and its key restoration technologies in the coastal area of Jiangsu,China[J]. Wetlands, 2018, 38(3):525-537.
[4] Jiang T T, Pan J F, Pu X M, et al. Current status of coastal wetlands in China:Degradation, restoration, and future management[J]. Estuarine,Coastal&Shelf Science, 2015, 164:265-275.
[5] Long T, Yang G, Bo L, et al. Spartina alterniflora with high tolerance to salt stress changes vegetation pattern by outcompeting native species[J]. Ecosphere, 2016, 5(9):1-18.
[6] Gao X, Wang M, Wu H, et al. Effects of Spartina alterniflora invasion on the diet of mangrove crabs(Parasesarma plicata)in the Zhangjiang Estuary, China[J]. Journal of Coastal Research, 2018, 34(1):106-113.
[7] Valérie S P, Gérard T. Marine species introduced on the French Chan?nel-Atlantic coasts:A review of main biological invasions and impacts[J]. Open Journal of Ecology, 2015, 5(5):227-257.
[8]尹延鸿,尹聪.围海及填海造地的起因、发展及问题[J].自然杂志, 2014, 36(6):437-444.YIN Yan-hong, YIN Cong. The reasons, development and problems of the land reclamation[J]. Chinese Journal of Nature, 2014, 36(6):437-444.
[9]周云轩,田波,黄颖,等.我国海岸带湿地生态系统退化成因及其对策[J].中国科学院院刊, 2016, 31(10):1157-1166.ZHOU Yun-xuan, TIAN Bo, HUANG Ying, et al. Degradation of coast?al wetland ecosystem in China:Drivers, impacts, and strategies[J]. Bul?letin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2016, 31(10):1157-1166.
[10] Tian B, Wu W, Yang Z, et al. Drivers, trends, and potential impacts of long-term coastal reclamation in China from 1985 to 2010[J]. Estua?rine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2016, 170:83-90.
[11]戚志伟,高艳娜,樊同,等.崇明东滩围垦湿地芦苇生态特征与水盐因子的关系[J].应用与环境生物学报, 2016, 22(5):739-746.QI Zhi-wei, GAO Yan-na, FAN Tong, et al. Relationship between ecological characteristics of Phragmites australis and water-salt indi?cators in the reclaimed wetland at Dongtan of Chongming Island, Chi?na[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 2016, 22(5):739-746.
[12] Glaeser L C, Vitt D H, Ebbs S. Responses of the wetland grass, Beck?mannia syzigachne, to salinity and soil wetness:Consequences for wet?land reclamation in the oil sands area of Alberta, Canada[J]. Ecologi?cal Engineering, 2016, 22(6):24-30.
[13] Li C, Tao Y, Meng Z, et al. Soil characteristics and their potential thresholds associated with Scirpus mariqueter distribution on a re?claimed wetland coast[J]. Journal of Coastal Conservation, 2018, 5(12):1-10.
[14] Wang C, Pei X, Yue S, et al. The response of Spartina alterniflora bio?mass to soil factors in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, P R China[J]. Wet?lands, 2016, 36(2):229-235.
[15]潘宇,李德志,袁月,等.崇明东滩湿地芦苇和互花米草种群的分布格局及其与生境的相关性[J].植物资源与环境学报, 2012,21(4):1-9.PAN Yu, LI De-zhi, YUAN Yue, et al. Distribution pattern of Phrag?mites australis and Spartina alterniflora populations in Chongming Dongtan wetland and its correlation with habitat[J]. Journal of Plant Resources and Environment, 2012, 21(4):1-9.
[16]李晶,雷茵茹,崔丽娟,等.我国滨海滩涂湿地现状及研究进展[J].林业资源管理, 2018(2):24-28.LI Jing, LEI Yin-ru, CUI Li-juan, et al. Current status and research progress of coastal tidal flat wetlands in China[J]. Forest Resources Management, 2018(2):24-28.
[17]姚志刚,陈玉清,袁芳,等.江苏省滨海湿地现状、问题及保护对策[J].林业工程学报, 2014, 28(4):10-14.YAO Zhi-gang, CHEN Yu-qing, YUAN Fang, et al. Status, problems and protection countermeasures of coastal wetlands in Jiangsu Prov?ince[J]. Journal of Forestry Engineering, 2014, 28(4):10-14.
[18]张华兵,刘红玉,侯明行.人工管理和自然驱动下盐城海滨湿地互花米草沼泽演变及空间差异[J].生态学报, 2013, 33(15):4767-4775.ZHANG Hua-bing, LIU Hong-yu, HOU Ming-hang. Spatiotemporal characteristics of Spartina alterniflora marsh change in the coastal wetlands of Yancheng caused by natural processes and human activi?ties[J]. Acta Ecological Sinica, 2013, 33(15):4767-4775.
[19]王聪,刘红玉.江苏淤泥质潮滩湿地互花米草扩张对湿地景观的影响[J].资源科学, 2014, 36(11):2413-2422.WANG Cong, LIU Hong-yu. The impact of Spartina alterniflora ex?pansion on vegetation landscapes in the Yancheng tidal flat wetland[J]. Resources Science, 2014, 36(11):2413-2422.
[20]刘明月.中国滨海湿地互花米草入侵遥感监测及变化分析[D].北京:中国科学院大学, 2018.LIU Ming-yue. Remote sensing analysis of Spartina alterniflora in the coastal areas of China during 1990 to 2015[D]. Beijing:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2018
[21]涂琦乐,刘晓东,华祖林,等.条子泥围垦工程对近海生态环境的影响[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 43(6):542-547.TU Qi-le, LIU Xiao-dong, HUA Zu-lin, et al. Effect of Tiaozini recla?mation project on offshore ecological environment[J]. Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences), 2015, 43(6):542-547.
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