基于数值模拟和模型实验的注浆抬升计算方法
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摘要
针对城市浅埋地下工程注浆施工造成的地表抬升问题,根据随机介质理论建立注浆抬升计算方法及简化算法,分别研究压密注浆与劈裂注浆对地表抬升的影响机制.通过PFC软件模拟、室内模型实验等方法,研究球体压密注浆和水平片状劈裂注浆对地表抬升范围的影响,验证地表抬升位移理论预测方法的准确性.通过引入注浆抬升系数γ研究注浆深度、土体干密度、土体含水率等因素对注浆抬升位移的影响.结果表明,注浆抬升计算方法的简化方法在注浆埋深大于2 m时较为准确,小于2 m时不适用;压密注浆和劈裂注浆两种注浆方式引起的地表抬升与数学模型计算结果、数值模拟结果吻合性较好;单孔注浆使上覆倒锥形土体位移场发生变化,压密注浆导致的地表最大抬升位移较大,劈裂注浆在地表的影响范围较大;注浆深度、土体干密度及土体含水率对最大注浆抬升位移量均有影响,注浆深度对抬升位移量的作用最明显.
To solve the problem of surface lifting caused by grouting in urban shallow underground projects, grouting lift calculation method and simplified algorithm were established based on the theory of stochastic medium, and effects of compaction grouting and fracture grouting on surface uplift were studied. Through PFC simulation and laboratory model experiments, the suffering area of the surface uplift by ball compaction grouting and horizontal fracture grouting were studied, and the accuracy of the grouting lift calculation method of surface uplift displacement was verified. Effects of grouting depth, soil dry density, and soil water content on surface uplift during grouting were investigated by introducing the grouting uplift coefficient γ. Results show that the simplified method of theoretical prediction of surface uplift displacement was accurate when the depth of grouting was greater than 2 m, and it was not applicable when the depth of grouting was less than 2 m. The surface uplift caused by the two grouting methods was consistent with the results of the numerical simulation and the mathematical model calculation. Single hole grouting changed the displacement field of the overlying inverted cone soil. The maximum surface displacement caused by compaction grouting was large, so was the influence range of fracture grouting on the surface. Factors such as grouting depth, soil dry density, and soil water content all influenced the maximum surface displacement caused by grouting, among which grouting depth was the most important factor.
To solve the problem of surface lifting caused by grouting in urban shallow underground projects, grouting lift calculation method and simplified algorithm were established based on the theory of stochastic medium, and effects of compaction grouting and fracture grouting on surface uplift were studied. Through PFC simulation and laboratory model experiments, the suffering area of the surface uplift by ball compaction grouting and horizontal fracture grouting were studied, and the accuracy of the grouting lift calculation method of surface uplift displacement was verified. Effects of grouting depth, soil dry density, and soil water content on surface uplift during grouting were investigated by introducing the grouting uplift coefficient γ. Results show that the simplified method of theoretical prediction of surface uplift displacement was accurate when the depth of grouting was greater than 2 m, and it was not applicable when the depth of grouting was less than 2 m. The surface uplift caused by the two grouting methods was consistent with the results of the numerical simulation and the mathematical model calculation. Single hole grouting changed the displacement field of the overlying inverted cone soil. The maximum surface displacement caused by compaction grouting was large, so was the influence range of fracture grouting on the surface. Factors such as grouting depth, soil dry density, and soil water content all influenced the maximum surface displacement caused by grouting, among which grouting depth was the most important factor.
引文
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[9]郭乐,杨新安,吴东鹏.高速铁路软土复合路基沉降注浆治理现场试验研究[J].中国铁道科学,2015,36(6):1GUO Le,YANG Xinan,WU Dongpeng,et al.Field test on treating settlement by grouting for soft soil composite subgrade of high speed railway[J].China Railway Science,2015,36(6):1.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-4632.2015.06.01
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[15]NI J C,CHENG W C.Monitoring and modeling grout efficiency of lifting structure in soft clay[J].International Journal of Geomechanics,2010,10(6):223.DOI:10.1061/(asce)gm.1943-5622.0000026
[16]唐智伟,赵成刚.注浆抬升地层的机制、解析解及数值模拟分析[J].岩土力学,2008,29(6):1512TANG Zhiwei,ZHAO Chenggang.Mechanisms of ground heave by grouting and analytical solutions & numerical modeling[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(6):1512.DOI:10.16285/j.rsm.2008.06.032
[17]张冬梅,邹伟彪,闫静雅.软土盾构隧道横向大变形侧向注浆控制机理研究[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(12):2203ZHANG Dongmei,ZOU Weibiao,YAN Jingya.Effective control of large transverse deformation of shield tunnels using grouting in soft deposits[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,36(12):2203.DOI:10.11779/CJGE201412007
[18]孙锋,张顶立,陈铁林,等.土体劈裂注浆过程的细观模拟研究[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(3):474SUN Feng,ZHANG Dingli,CHEN Tielin,et al.Meso-mechanical simulation of fracture grouting in soil[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(3):474
[19]YANG X L,WANG J M.Ground movement prediction for tunnels using simplified procedure[J].Tunnelling & Underground Space Technology Incorporating Trenchless Technology Research,2011,26(3):462.DOI:10.1016/j.tust.2011.01.002
[20]LI W X,LI J F,WANG Q,et al.SMT-GP method of prediction for ground subsidence due to tunneling in mountainous areas[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology Incorporating Trenchless Technology Research,2012,32:198.DOI:10.1016/j.tust.2012.06.012
[21]施成华,彭立敏,刘宝琛.浅埋隧道开挖对地表建筑物的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(19):3310SHI Chenghua,PENG Limin,LIU Baochen.Influence of shallow tunnel excavation on ground surface buildings[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(19):3310.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-6915.2004.19.017
[22]YUN J W,PARK J J,KWON Y S,et al.Cement-based fracture grouting phenomenon of weathered granite soil[J].KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering,2016,21(1):1.DOI:10.1007/s12205-016-0862-1
[23]MARCHI M,GOTTARDI G,SOGA K.Fracturing pressure in clay[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2014,140(2):04013008.DOI:10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0001019
[24]张连震,李志鹏,张庆松,等.基于土体非线性压密效应的劈裂注浆机制分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(7):1483ZHANG Lianzhen,LI Zhipeng,ZHANG Qingsong,et al.Split grouting mechanism based on nonlinear characteristics of compression process of soil[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(7):1483.DOI:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2015.0565
[2]章敏,刘军军,秦文权.注浆抬升位移预测及简化模型研究[J].太原理工大学学报,2015,46(3):298ZHANG Min,LIU Junjun,QIN Wenquan.Prediction and simplified model of uplift displacement by grouting[J].Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology,2015,46(3):298.DOI:10.16355/j.cnki.issn1007-9432tyut.2015.03.010
[3]李立新,童无欺,邹金锋.注浆抬升位移的随机介质理论预测方法[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2013,10(5):47LI Lixin,TONG Wuqi,ZOU Jinfeng.Study on grouting uplift displacement prediction using stochastic medium theory[J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2013,10(5):47.DOI:10.19713/j.cnki.43-1423/u.2013.05.009
[4]CHEONG M T,SOGA K.Influence of underground excavation on compensation grouting in clays;Small-scale laboratory experiments[C]// 5th International Conference on Getechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground.Amsterdam,Netherlands:Int Soc Soil Mech & Geotech Engn,TC 28,2006:369.DOI:10.1201/noe0415391245.ch49
[5]郑刚,张扶正,张天奇,等.盾构隧道开挖及补偿注浆对地层扰动影响的室内试验及数值模拟研究[J].岩土工程学报,2016,38(10):1741ZHENG Gang,ZHANG Fuzheng,ZHANG Tianqi,et al.Disturbance of shield tunnel excavation and compensation grouting to surrounding soil:Laboratory tests and numerical simulations[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2016,38(10):1741.DOI:10.11779/CJGE201610001
[6]张晓双.地下工程注浆抬升机理及效果研究[D].天津:天津大学,2016ZHANG Xiaoshuang.Study on the mechanism and effect of grouting uplift in underground construction[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2016
[7]冯旭海.压密注浆作用机理与顶升效应关系的研究[D].北京:煤炭科学研究总院,2003FENG Xuhai.A research on laws between lift-effect and the mechanism compaction grouting[D].Beijing:China Coal Research Institute,2003
[8]侯艳娟,张顶立,陈峰宾.隧道施工下穿建筑物注浆抬升机制及预测研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(12):2407HOU Yanjuan,ZHANG Dingli,CHEN Fengbin.Study of mechanism and prediction of grouting uplift in tunnel construction undercrossing buildings[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(12):2407
[9]郭乐,杨新安,吴东鹏.高速铁路软土复合路基沉降注浆治理现场试验研究[J].中国铁道科学,2015,36(6):1GUO Le,YANG Xinan,WU Dongpeng,et al.Field test on treating settlement by grouting for soft soil composite subgrade of high speed railway[J].China Railway Science,2015,36(6):1.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-4632.2015.06.01
[10]逄铁铮.大断面城市隧道穿越复杂建筑物群的安全性控制研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2015PANG Tiezheng.Security control for large secton of urban tunnel through a complex group of buildings[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2015
[11]SHARGHI M,CHAKERI H,OZCELIK Y.Investigation into the effects of two component grout properties on surface settlements[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2017,63:205.DOI:10.1016/j.tust.2017.01.004
[12]OCHMANSKI M,MODONI G,BZOWKA J.Numerical analysis of tunnelling with jet-grouted canopy[J].Soils & Foundations,2015,55(5):929.DOI:10.1016/j.sandf.2015.08.002
[13]NICOLINI E,NOVA R,NEGI A.Modelling of a tunnel excavation in a non-cohesive soil improved with cement mix injections[J].Computers & Geotechnics,2000,27(4):249.DOI:10.1016/s0266-352x(00)00003-3
[14]SCHWEIGER H F.Numerical modelling of settlement compensation by means of fracture grouting[J].Journal of the Japanese Geotechnical Society Soils & Foundation,2004,44(1):71.DOI:10.3208/sandf.44.71
[15]NI J C,CHENG W C.Monitoring and modeling grout efficiency of lifting structure in soft clay[J].International Journal of Geomechanics,2010,10(6):223.DOI:10.1061/(asce)gm.1943-5622.0000026
[16]唐智伟,赵成刚.注浆抬升地层的机制、解析解及数值模拟分析[J].岩土力学,2008,29(6):1512TANG Zhiwei,ZHAO Chenggang.Mechanisms of ground heave by grouting and analytical solutions & numerical modeling[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(6):1512.DOI:10.16285/j.rsm.2008.06.032
[17]张冬梅,邹伟彪,闫静雅.软土盾构隧道横向大变形侧向注浆控制机理研究[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(12):2203ZHANG Dongmei,ZOU Weibiao,YAN Jingya.Effective control of large transverse deformation of shield tunnels using grouting in soft deposits[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,36(12):2203.DOI:10.11779/CJGE201412007
[18]孙锋,张顶立,陈铁林,等.土体劈裂注浆过程的细观模拟研究[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(3):474SUN Feng,ZHANG Dingli,CHEN Tielin,et al.Meso-mechanical simulation of fracture grouting in soil[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(3):474
[19]YANG X L,WANG J M.Ground movement prediction for tunnels using simplified procedure[J].Tunnelling & Underground Space Technology Incorporating Trenchless Technology Research,2011,26(3):462.DOI:10.1016/j.tust.2011.01.002
[20]LI W X,LI J F,WANG Q,et al.SMT-GP method of prediction for ground subsidence due to tunneling in mountainous areas[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology Incorporating Trenchless Technology Research,2012,32:198.DOI:10.1016/j.tust.2012.06.012
[21]施成华,彭立敏,刘宝琛.浅埋隧道开挖对地表建筑物的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(19):3310SHI Chenghua,PENG Limin,LIU Baochen.Influence of shallow tunnel excavation on ground surface buildings[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(19):3310.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-6915.2004.19.017
[22]YUN J W,PARK J J,KWON Y S,et al.Cement-based fracture grouting phenomenon of weathered granite soil[J].KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering,2016,21(1):1.DOI:10.1007/s12205-016-0862-1
[23]MARCHI M,GOTTARDI G,SOGA K.Fracturing pressure in clay[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2014,140(2):04013008.DOI:10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0001019
[24]张连震,李志鹏,张庆松,等.基于土体非线性压密效应的劈裂注浆机制分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(7):1483ZHANG Lianzhen,LI Zhipeng,ZHANG Qingsong,et al.Split grouting mechanism based on nonlinear characteristics of compression process of soil[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(7):1483.DOI:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2015.0565