《庄子·德充符》“知务”涵义考辨——来自先秦道家的善意规诫
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摘要
《庄子》所涉及的"务"字,就其基本字义而言,可以分为两类:其一,名词词性,指与人有着紧密关联的世俗之事;其二,动词词性,"务,趣也",也即"致力""追求"之义。除了基本字义,"务"字还有着含混难解的一面,而特别体现于应如何诠释《德充符第五》"知务"涵义一事上。"知务"一词,深深刻上了道家思想的印痕,体现出道家的名实观,表现为道家式的善意规诫,即,人应有自知之明而不好高骛远,宜重其"实"而轻其"名"。
The Chinese character "wu" in Zhuangzi mainly has two senses: first, it is a noun referring to the things related to daily life; second, it is a verb, and enjoys a similar implication with "pursue", "chase" or "seek after". Besides, the Chinese character"wu", especially as a part of the word "zhiwu" in Zhuangzi De Chong Fu, also has a close relationship with Taoist philosophy and as a result, gets a special contextual meaning. Through these, Zhuang Zhou told us a wise person should have self-knowledge and cherish the thing that is really important to ourselves.
The Chinese character "wu" in Zhuangzi mainly has two senses: first, it is a noun referring to the things related to daily life; second, it is a verb, and enjoys a similar implication with "pursue", "chase" or "seek after". Besides, the Chinese character"wu", especially as a part of the word "zhiwu" in Zhuangzi De Chong Fu, also has a close relationship with Taoist philosophy and as a result, gets a special contextual meaning. Through these, Zhuang Zhou told us a wise person should have self-knowledge and cherish the thing that is really important to ourselves.
引文
[1]钱穆.庄老通辨[M].北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,2016.
[2]杨国荣.庄子哲学及其内在主题[J].上海师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2006(4):4-5.
[3]郭庆藩.庄子集释[M].北京:中华书局,2016.
[4]方勇.庄子纂要[M].北京:学苑出版社,2012.
[5]李昉,等.太平广记[M].北京:中华书局,1961:3.
[6]许慎.说文解字(附音序、笔画检字)[M].北京:中华书局,2013:293.
[7]周立升.论老子的名实观[J].齐鲁学刊,1981(6):23.
[8]刘瑞符.老子章句浅释[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2016:244.
[9]方勇.庄子学史(二)[M].北京:人民出版社,2008:3-225.
(1)本文所引《庄子》原文及郭象、成玄英注疏,皆依据郭庆藩《庄子集释》中华书局,2016年版。
(2)本文所引《庄子》注释(不包括郭象、成玄英注疏),皆依据方勇《庄子纂要》(学苑出版社,2012年版)。由于方勇《庄子纂要》每两册重新编页,为避免混淆,会在正文标明具体册数。
[2]杨国荣.庄子哲学及其内在主题[J].上海师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2006(4):4-5.
[3]郭庆藩.庄子集释[M].北京:中华书局,2016.
[4]方勇.庄子纂要[M].北京:学苑出版社,2012.
[5]李昉,等.太平广记[M].北京:中华书局,1961:3.
[6]许慎.说文解字(附音序、笔画检字)[M].北京:中华书局,2013:293.
[7]周立升.论老子的名实观[J].齐鲁学刊,1981(6):23.
[8]刘瑞符.老子章句浅释[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2016:244.
[9]方勇.庄子学史(二)[M].北京:人民出版社,2008:3-225.
(1)本文所引《庄子》原文及郭象、成玄英注疏,皆依据郭庆藩《庄子集释》中华书局,2016年版。
(2)本文所引《庄子》注释(不包括郭象、成玄英注疏),皆依据方勇《庄子纂要》(学苑出版社,2012年版)。由于方勇《庄子纂要》每两册重新编页,为避免混淆,会在正文标明具体册数。