海底隧道管节接头防火试验
|
摘要
为了研究海底沉管隧道管节接头的防火构造与防火性能,采用自主设计建造的燃气式高温试验炉,以国际RABT标准温升曲线作为火灾边界输入,进行了多工况1∶1全尺寸构件明火试验,分析了管节接头在2种防火构造下的防火性能与温度分布。结果表明:作为一种包含钢剪力键的复合材料构件,管节接头的防火性能最终受制于耐温极限仅为100℃的Ω橡胶止水带;管节接头的防火效果取决于防火隔断的设计,采用外挂防火板与内置防火隔断的双层防护方案,即2cm厚外挂防火板+防火隔断(1cm厚防火板+1cm厚防火棉+3cm厚防火板+轻钢龙骨),可确保管节内Ω橡胶止水带的火灾历时温度低于其防火极限;当双层防护构造采用分离式铆固时,受明火火灾动力冲击影响大,外挂防火板首先开始破坏,进而导致管节接头整体防火失效。通过试验,推荐海底沉管隧道管节接头采用双层防护整体式铆固防火构造方案。
In order to study the fire protection structure and fireproofing performance of tube joint of subsea immersed tunnel,agas type high temperature test furnace originally designed and built was adopted.Taking international RABT standard temperature rising curve as fire boundary input,open fire tests under multiple working conditions were done for tunnel tube joint element by 1∶1scale.Both fireproof performances and temperature distributions of tube joint under two fire protection constructions were analyzed.The results show that as a composite joint element including steel shear,the fireproof performances of tube joint is finally subject to Ω rubber waterstop whose ultimate work temperature is 100 ℃.Fireproofing effect of tube joint finally depends on the design scheme of fire partition.A double-layer protection design in an external cladding fireproof board and an internal fire partition has been put forward,which involves 2cm external cladding fireproof board in thickness and internal fire partition composed of 1cm fireproof board,1cm fireproof fibres,3cm fireproof board and a set of light steel keel.This kind of design can make sure thatΩrubber waterstop goes through the fire below its temperaturelimit within tube joint.When a double-layer fireproof construction is riveted separately,the impact of open fire is great.External fireproof board would first be damaged and then tube joint is in general failure.Though test,a double-layer fireproof construction and integrated riveting technique have been proposed for the design of tube joint of subsea immersed tunnel.
In order to study the fire protection structure and fireproofing performance of tube joint of subsea immersed tunnel,agas type high temperature test furnace originally designed and built was adopted.Taking international RABT standard temperature rising curve as fire boundary input,open fire tests under multiple working conditions were done for tunnel tube joint element by 1∶1scale.Both fireproof performances and temperature distributions of tube joint under two fire protection constructions were analyzed.The results show that as a composite joint element including steel shear,the fireproof performances of tube joint is finally subject to Ω rubber waterstop whose ultimate work temperature is 100 ℃.Fireproofing effect of tube joint finally depends on the design scheme of fire partition.A double-layer protection design in an external cladding fireproof board and an internal fire partition has been put forward,which involves 2cm external cladding fireproof board in thickness and internal fire partition composed of 1cm fireproof board,1cm fireproof fibres,3cm fireproof board and a set of light steel keel.This kind of design can make sure thatΩrubber waterstop goes through the fire below its temperaturelimit within tube joint.When a double-layer fireproof construction is riveted separately,the impact of open fire is great.External fireproof board would first be damaged and then tube joint is in general failure.Though test,a double-layer fireproof construction and integrated riveting technique have been proposed for the design of tube joint of subsea immersed tunnel.
引文
[1]闫治国.隧道衬砌结构火灾高温力学行为及防火方法研究[D].上海:同济大学,2006.YAN Zhi-guo.A Study on Mechanical Behaviors and Fireproof Methods of Tunnel Lining Structure During and After Fire Scenarios[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2006.
[2]林志,闫治国,郭军,等.公路隧道衬砌结构防火技术研究[R].重庆:招商局重庆交通科研设计院有限公司,2012.LIN Zhi,YAN Zhi-guo,GUO Jun,et al.Study on Liner Structure Fire Protection Technique Used for Highway Tunnel[R].Chongqing:China Merchants Chongqing Communications Technology Research&Design Institute Co.,Ltd,2012.
[3]彭立敏,王薇,王英.隧道火灾后衬砌损伤等级的模糊评判方法探讨[J].长沙铁道学院学报,1998,16(2):11-16.PENG Li-min,WANG Wei,WANG Ying.The Study of Fuzzy Judgement Method About Lining Damage Grade After Tunnel Fire[J].Journal of Changsha Railway University,1998,16(2):11-16.
[4]郭军,刘帅,蒋树屏.海底隧道管节结构防火试验与数值模拟[J].中国公路学报,2016,29(1):96-104.GUO Jun,LIU Shuai,JIANG Shu-ping.Fire-proof Test and Numerical Simulation Study on Tube Structure of Subsea Immersed Tunnel[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2016,29(1):96-104.
[5]陈娅玲,张保生,王三孟,等.沉管隧道用橡胶止水带研究现状及工程应用[J].特种橡胶制品,2012,33(4):60-64.CHEN Ya-ling,ZHANG Bao-sheng,WANG Sanmeng,et al.Study State and Engineering Application of Rubber Waterstop Used for Immersed Tunnel[J].Special Purpose Rubber Products,2012,33(4):60-64.
[6]刘正根,黄宏伟.沉管隧道GINA止水带性能评估与安全预警[J].地下空间与工程学报,2009,5(2):347-353.LIU Zheng-gen,HUANG Hong-wei.Performance Evaluation and Safety Pre-warning of GINA in Immersed Tube Tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2009,5(2):347-353.
[7]贺小强,张孟喜.火荷载下沉管隧道的温度场分析[J].现代隧道技术,2006,43(2):22-24.HE Xiao-qiang,ZHANG Meng-xi.Study on the Temperature Field in an Immersed Tube Tunnel Under a Fire Loading[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2006,43(2):22-24.
[8]管敏鑫.越江沉管隧道管段及接头防水[J].现代隧道技术,2004,41(6):57-59.GUAN Min-xin.Waterproofing of the Tube Sections and Joints of River-crossing Submerged Tube Tunnels[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2004,41(6):57-59.
[9]刘千伟.常洪沉管隧道接头施工技术[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(增1):2478-2483.LIU Qian-wei.Construction Technique of Joints for Changhong Immersed Tube Tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(S1):2478-2483.
[10]薛勇.沉管隧道接头研究[J].特种结构,2003,20(3):4-8.XUE Yong.Study on Immersed Tunnel Joint[J].Special Structures,2003,20(3):4-8.
[11]杨世东,贺伟国,宋承城.仑头—生物岛沉管隧道岸上最终接头设计[J].隧道建设,2005,25(5):31-34.YANG Shi-dong,HE Wei-guo,SONG Cheng-cheng.Design of Final Onshore Joints of Luntou-Shengwudao Immersed Tube Tunnel[J].Tunnel Construction,2005,25(5):31-34.
[12]张孟喜,黄瑾,贺小强.火荷载下沉管隧道结构的热-力耦合分析[J].土木工程学报,2007,40(3):83-87.ZHANG Meng-xi,HUANG Jin,HE Xiao-qiang.Coupling Analysis of Thermal Field and Stress Field for Immersed Tunnels Under Fire Load[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2007,40(3):83-87.
[13]张于平.沉管隧道火灾温度场作用下管节结构三维力学分析[D].重庆:重庆交通大学,2014.ZHANG Yu-ping.Three-dimensional Mechanics Analysis of Immersed Tunnel Under Fire Temperature Fields[D].Chongqing:Chongqing Jiaotong University,2014.
[14]徐湃,蒋树屏,周健,等.沉管隧道火灾烟气蔓延特性[J].长安大学学报:自然科学版,2014,34(6):125-130.XU Pai,JIANG Shu-ping,ZHOU Jian,et al.Smoke Spread Characteristic in Immersed Tube Fire[J].Journal of Changan University:Natural Science Edition,2014,34(6):125-130.
[15]RASMUSSEN N S.Concrete Immersed Tunnels—Forty Years of Experience[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,1997,12(1):33-46.
[16]RASMUSSEN N S,GRANTZ W.Chapter 9—Catalogue of Immersed Tunnels[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,1997,12(2):163-316.
[17]SAVEUR J,GRANTZ W.Chapter 3—Structural Design of Immersed Tunnels[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,1997,12(2):93-109.
[18]PROMAT.Tunnel Fire Protection for Tunnel Structures&Services[R].Brussels:Promat International N.V.,2008.
[2]林志,闫治国,郭军,等.公路隧道衬砌结构防火技术研究[R].重庆:招商局重庆交通科研设计院有限公司,2012.LIN Zhi,YAN Zhi-guo,GUO Jun,et al.Study on Liner Structure Fire Protection Technique Used for Highway Tunnel[R].Chongqing:China Merchants Chongqing Communications Technology Research&Design Institute Co.,Ltd,2012.
[3]彭立敏,王薇,王英.隧道火灾后衬砌损伤等级的模糊评判方法探讨[J].长沙铁道学院学报,1998,16(2):11-16.PENG Li-min,WANG Wei,WANG Ying.The Study of Fuzzy Judgement Method About Lining Damage Grade After Tunnel Fire[J].Journal of Changsha Railway University,1998,16(2):11-16.
[4]郭军,刘帅,蒋树屏.海底隧道管节结构防火试验与数值模拟[J].中国公路学报,2016,29(1):96-104.GUO Jun,LIU Shuai,JIANG Shu-ping.Fire-proof Test and Numerical Simulation Study on Tube Structure of Subsea Immersed Tunnel[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2016,29(1):96-104.
[5]陈娅玲,张保生,王三孟,等.沉管隧道用橡胶止水带研究现状及工程应用[J].特种橡胶制品,2012,33(4):60-64.CHEN Ya-ling,ZHANG Bao-sheng,WANG Sanmeng,et al.Study State and Engineering Application of Rubber Waterstop Used for Immersed Tunnel[J].Special Purpose Rubber Products,2012,33(4):60-64.
[6]刘正根,黄宏伟.沉管隧道GINA止水带性能评估与安全预警[J].地下空间与工程学报,2009,5(2):347-353.LIU Zheng-gen,HUANG Hong-wei.Performance Evaluation and Safety Pre-warning of GINA in Immersed Tube Tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2009,5(2):347-353.
[7]贺小强,张孟喜.火荷载下沉管隧道的温度场分析[J].现代隧道技术,2006,43(2):22-24.HE Xiao-qiang,ZHANG Meng-xi.Study on the Temperature Field in an Immersed Tube Tunnel Under a Fire Loading[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2006,43(2):22-24.
[8]管敏鑫.越江沉管隧道管段及接头防水[J].现代隧道技术,2004,41(6):57-59.GUAN Min-xin.Waterproofing of the Tube Sections and Joints of River-crossing Submerged Tube Tunnels[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2004,41(6):57-59.
[9]刘千伟.常洪沉管隧道接头施工技术[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(增1):2478-2483.LIU Qian-wei.Construction Technique of Joints for Changhong Immersed Tube Tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(S1):2478-2483.
[10]薛勇.沉管隧道接头研究[J].特种结构,2003,20(3):4-8.XUE Yong.Study on Immersed Tunnel Joint[J].Special Structures,2003,20(3):4-8.
[11]杨世东,贺伟国,宋承城.仑头—生物岛沉管隧道岸上最终接头设计[J].隧道建设,2005,25(5):31-34.YANG Shi-dong,HE Wei-guo,SONG Cheng-cheng.Design of Final Onshore Joints of Luntou-Shengwudao Immersed Tube Tunnel[J].Tunnel Construction,2005,25(5):31-34.
[12]张孟喜,黄瑾,贺小强.火荷载下沉管隧道结构的热-力耦合分析[J].土木工程学报,2007,40(3):83-87.ZHANG Meng-xi,HUANG Jin,HE Xiao-qiang.Coupling Analysis of Thermal Field and Stress Field for Immersed Tunnels Under Fire Load[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2007,40(3):83-87.
[13]张于平.沉管隧道火灾温度场作用下管节结构三维力学分析[D].重庆:重庆交通大学,2014.ZHANG Yu-ping.Three-dimensional Mechanics Analysis of Immersed Tunnel Under Fire Temperature Fields[D].Chongqing:Chongqing Jiaotong University,2014.
[14]徐湃,蒋树屏,周健,等.沉管隧道火灾烟气蔓延特性[J].长安大学学报:自然科学版,2014,34(6):125-130.XU Pai,JIANG Shu-ping,ZHOU Jian,et al.Smoke Spread Characteristic in Immersed Tube Fire[J].Journal of Changan University:Natural Science Edition,2014,34(6):125-130.
[15]RASMUSSEN N S.Concrete Immersed Tunnels—Forty Years of Experience[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,1997,12(1):33-46.
[16]RASMUSSEN N S,GRANTZ W.Chapter 9—Catalogue of Immersed Tunnels[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,1997,12(2):163-316.
[17]SAVEUR J,GRANTZ W.Chapter 3—Structural Design of Immersed Tunnels[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,1997,12(2):93-109.
[18]PROMAT.Tunnel Fire Protection for Tunnel Structures&Services[R].Brussels:Promat International N.V.,2008.