套管钻进用可提式扩孔钻头设计
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摘要
为解决通过丢弃钻头或钻穿钻头方法进行贯通或后续施钻的套管钻井工艺存在的问题,设计一种可提式扩孔钻头,配以小直径全断面钻头形成两级切削机构,穿越破碎带后从套管内提出切削机构,使后续深孔钻进作业得以继续。阐述了组成可提式扩孔钻头的3个机构:安装定位机构、切削翼及切削翼展开锁定机构,说明各机构的工作机理;详细介绍可提钻进工艺整个作业流程:可提式扩孔钻头的固定安装、切削翼展开、套管孔段扩孔钻进、下放提钻钻杆、切削翼收拢以及从套管中提取出两级切削机构,介绍了可提式扩孔钻头收拢和展开状态的切换过程;并给出影响可提式扩孔钻头的稳定性、可靠性的关键部件弹簧的设计计算。所设计钻头在煤矿井下进行试用,现场结果表明:切削时,展开的切削翼被牢牢锁定,提取时,切削翼收拢顺畅,且切削能力强、可靠性高,验证了可提式扩孔钻头结构设计及可提钻进工艺的可行性。可提式钻头还可用于井下封孔钻进工艺,具有良好的经济效益。
In order to solve the problems of the casing drilling process through discarding drill bit or drilling the drill bit for through or subsequent drilling,a extractable reaming bit is designed,which is combined with small diameter full section bit to form a two-stage cutting mechanism,and the two-stage cutting mechanism is pulled out of the casing after drilling through fractured zone so that the subsequent deep hole drilling operation can continue. This paper elaborates on positioning mounting mechanism,the cutting wing and locking mechanism for cutting wing expansion,and explains the working mechanism of each mechanical structure; The paper introduces in detail the whole operation flow of the fixed installation of the extractable reaming bit,the expansion of cutting wing,reaming drilling of casing hole section,rotating into the drill pipe that extracts the bit,closing of cutting wing and extraction of two-stage cutting mechanism from the casing to casing drilling process for pulling out the bit,and describes the switching process of extractable reaming bit in the closed and expanded state; and the design and calculat of the key component spring which affects the stability and reliability of extractable reaming bit is given. The designed extractable reaming bit was tested in the coal mine,and the results of the field trial showed that the expanded cutting wing is locked firmly during cutting,and the cutting wing is closed smoothly when extracting,and the cutting ability was strong,and the cutting reliability was high,and the feasibility of the structure design and the casing drilling process of extractable reaming bit is verified.The extractable reaming bit can also be used in the underground sealing drilling process,which has good economic benefits.
In order to solve the problems of the casing drilling process through discarding drill bit or drilling the drill bit for through or subsequent drilling,a extractable reaming bit is designed,which is combined with small diameter full section bit to form a two-stage cutting mechanism,and the two-stage cutting mechanism is pulled out of the casing after drilling through fractured zone so that the subsequent deep hole drilling operation can continue. This paper elaborates on positioning mounting mechanism,the cutting wing and locking mechanism for cutting wing expansion,and explains the working mechanism of each mechanical structure; The paper introduces in detail the whole operation flow of the fixed installation of the extractable reaming bit,the expansion of cutting wing,reaming drilling of casing hole section,rotating into the drill pipe that extracts the bit,closing of cutting wing and extraction of two-stage cutting mechanism from the casing to casing drilling process for pulling out the bit,and describes the switching process of extractable reaming bit in the closed and expanded state; and the design and calculat of the key component spring which affects the stability and reliability of extractable reaming bit is given. The designed extractable reaming bit was tested in the coal mine,and the results of the field trial showed that the expanded cutting wing is locked firmly during cutting,and the cutting wing is closed smoothly when extracting,and the cutting ability was strong,and the cutting reliability was high,and the feasibility of the structure design and the casing drilling process of extractable reaming bit is verified.The extractable reaming bit can also be used in the underground sealing drilling process,which has good economic benefits.
引文
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[4]祝效华,李红岩,刘清友,等.石油钻井工程中液动冲击器的性能参数测试[J].断块油气田,2004(3):64-66,93.ZHU Xiaohua,LI Hongyan,LIU Qingyou,et al.Performance parameter test of hydraulic impactor in oil drilling engineering[J].Fault Block Oil&Gas Field,2004(3):64-66,93.
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[8]李祖光,王力,翟应虎,等.单行程套管钻井技术研究与应用[J].钻采工艺,2008(6):34-36,166.LI Zuguang,WANG Li,YAN Yinghu,et al.Research and application of single-stroke casing drilling technology[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2008(6):34-36,166.
[9]王力,郑万江,张嵇山等.套管钻进技术研究及应用[C].公主岭:吉林省第四届科学技术学术年会,2005:547-551.
[10]李建军,陈保国,郑伟,等.可伸缩扩孔钻头在深厚砂卵砾石层跟管钻进中的应用[J].探矿工程:岩土钻掘工程,2013,40(8):57-60.LI Jianjun,CHEN Baoguo,ZHEN Wei,et al.Application of retractable reaming bits in tracing drilling in deep sand-gravel formation[J].Exploration Engineering:Rock&Soil Drilling and Tunneling,2013,40(8):57-60.
[11]梁元濂.不提钻换钻头钻具的研究与思考[J].地质装备,2010,11(4):11-13.LIANG Yuanlian.Research and Thought on replacing bit drilling tools without boring[J].Equipment for Geotechnical Engineering,2010,11(4):11-13.
[12]李涛.深井小井眼定向随钻扩孔技术方法分析[J].中国石油石化,2017(10):116-117.LI Tao.Analysis of directional reaming while drilling in deep slimhole[J].China Petrochem,2017(10):116-117.
[13]孙玉宁,王永龙,王大顺.新型扩孔钻头的研究[J].煤矿机械,2008(10):129-130.SUN Yuning,WANG Yonglong,WANG Dashun.Research on new reaming bit[J].Coal Mine Machinery,2008(10):129-130.
[14]孙平贺,乌效鸣,曹函.水平定向钻进扩孔钻头水口应用分析[J].地质科技情报,2009,28(1):116-118.SUN Pinghe,WU Xiaoming,CAO Han.Analysis of the application of horizontal directional drilling reaming bits[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2009,28(1):116-118.
[15]胡继良,陶士先,纪卫军.破碎地层孔壁稳定技术的探讨与实践[J].探矿工程:岩土钻掘工程,2011,38(9):30-32,64.HU Jiliang,TAO Shixian,JI Weijun.Discussion and practice of stabilization technology for broken formation hole wall[J].Exploration Engineering:Rock&Soil Drilling and Tunneling,2011,38(9):30-32,64.
[16]王胜利.泥浆护壁、全程套管钻进工艺在长距穿层抽采钻孔的应用[J].煤矿现代化,2016(5):33-35.WANG Shengli.Application of mud wall and full-bore casing drilling technology in long distance layer drilling and drilling[J].Coal Mine Modernization,2016(5):33-35.
[17]余昭艳,赵诗.跟套管钻进技术在石油钻井中应用的研究[J].科技资讯,2012(23):94.YU Zhaoyan,ZHAO Shi.Study on the application of casing drilling technology in oil drilling[J].Science&Technology Information,2012(23):94.
[18]刘家荣.无循环钻进工艺在易坍塌、缩孔和卵砾石地层的应用[J].地质与勘探,2010,46(5):960-966.LIU Jiarong.Application of non-circular drilling technology in easy collapse,shrinkage and gravel formation[J].Geology and Exploration,2010,46(5):960-966.
[19]王海.国内外灌注桩套管钻进技术现状[J].世界地质,1997(2):95-100.WANG Hai.Current Status of drilling technology for bored piles at home and abroad[J].Global Geology,1997(2):95-100.
[20]王鲜,许超,李泉新,等.淮南矿区顶板复杂地层中高位定向钻孔钻进工艺研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(11):145-150.WANG Xian,XU Chao,LI Quanxin,et al.Study on high-level directional drilling technology in complex roof strata of Huainan mining area[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(11):145-150.
[21]阎邦椿.机械设计手册[M].5版.北京:机械工业出版社,2010:8-35.
[2]宋志彬,冯起赠,许本冲,等.全套管钻进机理和全回转套管钻机的研究[J].建筑机械,2013(23):87-91.SONG Zhibin,FENG Qijian,XU Benchong,et al.Study on the mechanism of full casing drilling and rotary casing drilling rig[J].Construction Machinery,2013(23):87-91.
[3]孔伟.套管钻进技术在煤矿复杂地层中的应用探讨[J].探矿工程:岩土钻掘工程,2011,38(11):21-23.KONG Wei.Discussion onapplication of casing drilling technology in complex stratum of coal mine[J].Exploration Engineering:Rock&Soil Drilling and Tunneling,2011,38(11):21-23.
[4]祝效华,李红岩,刘清友,等.石油钻井工程中液动冲击器的性能参数测试[J].断块油气田,2004(3):64-66,93.ZHU Xiaohua,LI Hongyan,LIU Qingyou,et al.Performance parameter test of hydraulic impactor in oil drilling engineering[J].Fault Block Oil&Gas Field,2004(3):64-66,93.
[5]耿瑞伦.跟套管钻进技术及其应用[J].地质装备,2000(3):11-15.GENG Ruilun.With casing drilling technology and its application[J].Equipment for Geotechnical Engineering,2000(3):11-15.
[6]时晓,申东方.组合式套管钻进工艺在井下破碎地层条件下钻孔施工中的应用[J].企业导报,2016(19):62-63.SHI Xiao,SHEN Dongfang.Application of combined casing drilling technology in borehole drilling under the condition of fractured formation[J].Guide to Business,2016(19):62-63.
[7]冯来,王辉,王力,等.可更换钻头套管钻井工具及工艺研究[J].石油钻探技术,2007(5):18-21.FENG Lai,WANG Hui,WANG Li,et al.Research ondrilling tools and process for replaceable bit sleeve[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2007(5):18-21.
[8]李祖光,王力,翟应虎,等.单行程套管钻井技术研究与应用[J].钻采工艺,2008(6):34-36,166.LI Zuguang,WANG Li,YAN Yinghu,et al.Research and application of single-stroke casing drilling technology[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2008(6):34-36,166.
[9]王力,郑万江,张嵇山等.套管钻进技术研究及应用[C].公主岭:吉林省第四届科学技术学术年会,2005:547-551.
[10]李建军,陈保国,郑伟,等.可伸缩扩孔钻头在深厚砂卵砾石层跟管钻进中的应用[J].探矿工程:岩土钻掘工程,2013,40(8):57-60.LI Jianjun,CHEN Baoguo,ZHEN Wei,et al.Application of retractable reaming bits in tracing drilling in deep sand-gravel formation[J].Exploration Engineering:Rock&Soil Drilling and Tunneling,2013,40(8):57-60.
[11]梁元濂.不提钻换钻头钻具的研究与思考[J].地质装备,2010,11(4):11-13.LIANG Yuanlian.Research and Thought on replacing bit drilling tools without boring[J].Equipment for Geotechnical Engineering,2010,11(4):11-13.
[12]李涛.深井小井眼定向随钻扩孔技术方法分析[J].中国石油石化,2017(10):116-117.LI Tao.Analysis of directional reaming while drilling in deep slimhole[J].China Petrochem,2017(10):116-117.
[13]孙玉宁,王永龙,王大顺.新型扩孔钻头的研究[J].煤矿机械,2008(10):129-130.SUN Yuning,WANG Yonglong,WANG Dashun.Research on new reaming bit[J].Coal Mine Machinery,2008(10):129-130.
[14]孙平贺,乌效鸣,曹函.水平定向钻进扩孔钻头水口应用分析[J].地质科技情报,2009,28(1):116-118.SUN Pinghe,WU Xiaoming,CAO Han.Analysis of the application of horizontal directional drilling reaming bits[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2009,28(1):116-118.
[15]胡继良,陶士先,纪卫军.破碎地层孔壁稳定技术的探讨与实践[J].探矿工程:岩土钻掘工程,2011,38(9):30-32,64.HU Jiliang,TAO Shixian,JI Weijun.Discussion and practice of stabilization technology for broken formation hole wall[J].Exploration Engineering:Rock&Soil Drilling and Tunneling,2011,38(9):30-32,64.
[16]王胜利.泥浆护壁、全程套管钻进工艺在长距穿层抽采钻孔的应用[J].煤矿现代化,2016(5):33-35.WANG Shengli.Application of mud wall and full-bore casing drilling technology in long distance layer drilling and drilling[J].Coal Mine Modernization,2016(5):33-35.
[17]余昭艳,赵诗.跟套管钻进技术在石油钻井中应用的研究[J].科技资讯,2012(23):94.YU Zhaoyan,ZHAO Shi.Study on the application of casing drilling technology in oil drilling[J].Science&Technology Information,2012(23):94.
[18]刘家荣.无循环钻进工艺在易坍塌、缩孔和卵砾石地层的应用[J].地质与勘探,2010,46(5):960-966.LIU Jiarong.Application of non-circular drilling technology in easy collapse,shrinkage and gravel formation[J].Geology and Exploration,2010,46(5):960-966.
[19]王海.国内外灌注桩套管钻进技术现状[J].世界地质,1997(2):95-100.WANG Hai.Current Status of drilling technology for bored piles at home and abroad[J].Global Geology,1997(2):95-100.
[20]王鲜,许超,李泉新,等.淮南矿区顶板复杂地层中高位定向钻孔钻进工艺研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(11):145-150.WANG Xian,XU Chao,LI Quanxin,et al.Study on high-level directional drilling technology in complex roof strata of Huainan mining area[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(11):145-150.
[21]阎邦椿.机械设计手册[M].5版.北京:机械工业出版社,2010:8-35.