Relationship of visual impairment and peripheral artery disease with the occurrence of diabetic foot ulcers in Dr. Moewardi Hospital
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摘要
Objective: One of the diabetes mellitus(DM) complications is foot ulcers. Foot ulcers are influenced by many factors. DM puts patients at risk of injury because of visual impairment. Hyperglycemia can damage blood vessels, which results in peripheral artery disease(PAD). The purpose of this study was to find the relationship of visual impairment and PAD with diabetic foot ulcers.Methods: This research used observational analytic study with case–control methods. It used purposive sampling in 34 DM patients with foot ulcers and 34 DM patients without foot ulcers. The research instruments were an interview guide to assess visual impairment, physical examination to assess PAD, and documentation study, which was used to know the incidence of diabetic ulcers.Results: The results showed that the respondents who experienced ulcers with visual impairment were 44.1% and the respondents who had foot ulcers with PAD were 73.5%. The results of statistical tests showed that there was no relationship between visual impairment and the incidence of ulcers(P = 0.166). The respondents with PAD will have a chance to suffer from foot ulcers 5.808 times higher than those who do not have PAD.Conclusions: There is no relationship between visual impairment and the incidence of diabetic foot ulcers in Dr. Moewardi Hospital, but there is relationship between PAD and the incidence of diabetic foot ulcers in Dr. Moewardi Hospital. Suggestions of this study are to do foot screening and educate about the importance of foot care to prevent the occurrence of diabetic ulcers.
Objective: One of the diabetes mellitus(DM) complications is foot ulcers. Foot ulcers are influenced by many factors. DM puts patients at risk of injury because of visual impairment. Hyperglycemia can damage blood vessels, which results in peripheral artery disease(PAD). The purpose of this study was to find the relationship of visual impairment and PAD with diabetic foot ulcers.Methods: This research used observational analytic study with case–control methods. It used purposive sampling in 34 DM patients with foot ulcers and 34 DM patients without foot ulcers. The research instruments were an interview guide to assess visual impairment, physical examination to assess PAD, and documentation study, which was used to know the incidence of diabetic ulcers.Results: The results showed that the respondents who experienced ulcers with visual impairment were 44.1% and the respondents who had foot ulcers with PAD were 73.5%. The results of statistical tests showed that there was no relationship between visual impairment and the incidence of ulcers(P = 0.166). The respondents with PAD will have a chance to suffer from foot ulcers 5.808 times higher than those who do not have PAD.Conclusions: There is no relationship between visual impairment and the incidence of diabetic foot ulcers in Dr. Moewardi Hospital, but there is relationship between PAD and the incidence of diabetic foot ulcers in Dr. Moewardi Hospital. Suggestions of this study are to do foot screening and educate about the importance of foot care to prevent the occurrence of diabetic ulcers.
Objective: One of the diabetes mellitus(DM) complications is foot ulcers. Foot ulcers are influenced by many factors. DM puts patients at risk of injury because of visual impairment. Hyperglycemia can damage blood vessels, which results in peripheral artery disease(PAD). The purpose of this study was to find the relationship of visual impairment and PAD with diabetic foot ulcers.Methods: This research used observational analytic study with case–control methods. It used purposive sampling in 34 DM patients with foot ulcers and 34 DM patients without foot ulcers. The research instruments were an interview guide to assess visual impairment, physical examination to assess PAD, and documentation study, which was used to know the incidence of diabetic ulcers.Results: The results showed that the respondents who experienced ulcers with visual impairment were 44.1% and the respondents who had foot ulcers with PAD were 73.5%. The results of statistical tests showed that there was no relationship between visual impairment and the incidence of ulcers(P = 0.166). The respondents with PAD will have a chance to suffer from foot ulcers 5.808 times higher than those who do not have PAD.Conclusions: There is no relationship between visual impairment and the incidence of diabetic foot ulcers in Dr. Moewardi Hospital, but there is relationship between PAD and the incidence of diabetic foot ulcers in Dr. Moewardi Hospital. Suggestions of this study are to do foot screening and educate about the importance of foot care to prevent the occurrence of diabetic ulcers.
引文
1.American Diabetes Association.Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus.Diabetes Care.2009;32 Suppl 1:S62-S67.
2.Diabetes Atlas,Seventh Edition Committee.IDFDiabetes Atlas 7th Edition(2015).https://www.idf.org/our-activities/advocacy-awareness/resourcesand-tools/13:diabetes-atlas-seventh-edition.html.International Diabetes Federation;2015.Accessed December 15,2017.
3.Melville A,Richardson R,McIntosh A,et al.Complications of diabetes:screening for retinopathy and management of foot ulcers.Qual Health Care.2000;9:137-141.
4.Saikat Sen,Raja Chakraborty.EDITORIAL(Thematic issue:Treatment and Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complication:Advanced Approaches).Mini-Reviews Med Chem.2015;15:1132-1133.
5.Chen HL,Hsiao FY.Risk of hospitalization and healthcare cost associated with Diabetes Complication Severity Index in Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database.J Diabetes Complications.2018;28:612-616.
6.Dalan R1,Jong M,Choo R,Chew DE,Leow MK.Predictors of cardiovascular complication in patients with diabetes mellitus:a 5-year follow-up study in a multiethnic population of Singapore:CREDENCE IIstudy.Int J Cardiol.2018;169:e67-e69.
7.Heitzman J.Foot Care for Patients With Diabetes.Top Geriatr Rehabil.2010;26:250-263.
8.Frykberg RG,Zgonis T,Armstrong DG,et al.Diabetic foot disorders.A clinical practice guideline(2006 revision).J Foot Ankle Surg.2006;45(5Suppl):S1-S66.
9.Registered Nurses’Association of Ontario.Assessment and Management of Foot Ulcers for People with Diabetes Greetings from Doris Grinspun.Registered Nurses’Association of Ontario;2005.
10.Sieggreen MY.Step up care for diabetic foot.Nurs Manage.2006;37:25-31.
11.Silbernagl S,Lang F.Color Atlas of Pathophysiology,At a Glance.New York:Thieme;2010.
12.Prompers L,Schaper N,Apelqvist J,et al.Prediction of outcome in individuals with diabetic foot ulcers:focus on the differences between individuals with and without peripheral arterial disease.The EURODIALE Study.Diabetologia.2008;51:747-755.
13.National Diabetes Education Program.Working Together to Manage Diabetes:A Guide for Pharmacy,Podiatry,Optometry,and Dentistry.National Institutes of Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;2014.https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/ndep/pdfs/ppod-guide.pdf.Accessed December 15,2017.
14.Golledge J,Quigley F,Velu R,Walker PJ,Moxon JV.Association of impaired fasting glucose,diabetes and their management with the presentation and outcome of peripheral artery disease:a cohort study.Cardiovasc Diabetol.2014;13:1-9.
15.Leese G,Schofield C,Mcmurray B,et al.Scottish foot ulcer risk score predicts foot ulcer healing in a regional specialist foot clinic.Diabetes Care.2007;30:2064-2069.
16.Edgar JGP,David GA,Lawrence AL.Risk factors for recurrent diabetic foot ulcers.Diabetes Care.2007;30:2077-2079.
17.Nezarat N,Budoff MJ,Luo Y,et al.Presence,characteristics,and volumes of coronary plaque determined by computed tomography angiography in young type 2 diabetes mellitus.Am J Cardiol.2018;119:1566-1571.
18.Modesti PA,Castellani S,Calabrese M,Malandrino D,Zhao D.Comparison of type 2 diabetes prevalence in Chinese migrants vs Caucasians and new perspectives for screening of cerebrovascular disease in Chinese:a proof of concept study.Diabetes Res Clin Pract.2018;130:196-203.
19.Mrgan M,Funck KL,Gaur S,et al.High burden of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.Diabetes Vasc Dis Res.2017;14:468-476.
20.Wu Y,He J,Sun X,et al.Carotid atherosclerosis and its relationship to coronary heart disease and stroke risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Medicine(Baltimore).2017;96:e8151.
21.Hamburg NM,Balady GJ.Exercise rehabilitation in peripheral artery disease:functional impact and mechanisms of benefits.Circulation.2011;123:87-97.
2.Diabetes Atlas,Seventh Edition Committee.IDFDiabetes Atlas 7th Edition(2015).https://www.idf.org/our-activities/advocacy-awareness/resourcesand-tools/13:diabetes-atlas-seventh-edition.html.International Diabetes Federation;2015.Accessed December 15,2017.
3.Melville A,Richardson R,McIntosh A,et al.Complications of diabetes:screening for retinopathy and management of foot ulcers.Qual Health Care.2000;9:137-141.
4.Saikat Sen,Raja Chakraborty.EDITORIAL(Thematic issue:Treatment and Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complication:Advanced Approaches).Mini-Reviews Med Chem.2015;15:1132-1133.
5.Chen HL,Hsiao FY.Risk of hospitalization and healthcare cost associated with Diabetes Complication Severity Index in Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database.J Diabetes Complications.2018;28:612-616.
6.Dalan R1,Jong M,Choo R,Chew DE,Leow MK.Predictors of cardiovascular complication in patients with diabetes mellitus:a 5-year follow-up study in a multiethnic population of Singapore:CREDENCE IIstudy.Int J Cardiol.2018;169:e67-e69.
7.Heitzman J.Foot Care for Patients With Diabetes.Top Geriatr Rehabil.2010;26:250-263.
8.Frykberg RG,Zgonis T,Armstrong DG,et al.Diabetic foot disorders.A clinical practice guideline(2006 revision).J Foot Ankle Surg.2006;45(5Suppl):S1-S66.
9.Registered Nurses’Association of Ontario.Assessment and Management of Foot Ulcers for People with Diabetes Greetings from Doris Grinspun.Registered Nurses’Association of Ontario;2005.
10.Sieggreen MY.Step up care for diabetic foot.Nurs Manage.2006;37:25-31.
11.Silbernagl S,Lang F.Color Atlas of Pathophysiology,At a Glance.New York:Thieme;2010.
12.Prompers L,Schaper N,Apelqvist J,et al.Prediction of outcome in individuals with diabetic foot ulcers:focus on the differences between individuals with and without peripheral arterial disease.The EURODIALE Study.Diabetologia.2008;51:747-755.
13.National Diabetes Education Program.Working Together to Manage Diabetes:A Guide for Pharmacy,Podiatry,Optometry,and Dentistry.National Institutes of Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;2014.https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/ndep/pdfs/ppod-guide.pdf.Accessed December 15,2017.
14.Golledge J,Quigley F,Velu R,Walker PJ,Moxon JV.Association of impaired fasting glucose,diabetes and their management with the presentation and outcome of peripheral artery disease:a cohort study.Cardiovasc Diabetol.2014;13:1-9.
15.Leese G,Schofield C,Mcmurray B,et al.Scottish foot ulcer risk score predicts foot ulcer healing in a regional specialist foot clinic.Diabetes Care.2007;30:2064-2069.
16.Edgar JGP,David GA,Lawrence AL.Risk factors for recurrent diabetic foot ulcers.Diabetes Care.2007;30:2077-2079.
17.Nezarat N,Budoff MJ,Luo Y,et al.Presence,characteristics,and volumes of coronary plaque determined by computed tomography angiography in young type 2 diabetes mellitus.Am J Cardiol.2018;119:1566-1571.
18.Modesti PA,Castellani S,Calabrese M,Malandrino D,Zhao D.Comparison of type 2 diabetes prevalence in Chinese migrants vs Caucasians and new perspectives for screening of cerebrovascular disease in Chinese:a proof of concept study.Diabetes Res Clin Pract.2018;130:196-203.
19.Mrgan M,Funck KL,Gaur S,et al.High burden of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.Diabetes Vasc Dis Res.2017;14:468-476.
20.Wu Y,He J,Sun X,et al.Carotid atherosclerosis and its relationship to coronary heart disease and stroke risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Medicine(Baltimore).2017;96:e8151.
21.Hamburg NM,Balady GJ.Exercise rehabilitation in peripheral artery disease:functional impact and mechanisms of benefits.Circulation.2011;123:87-97.