基于R语言制作马赛克图探讨广东省健康素养干预的重点人群
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摘要
目的了解2016年广东省居民的健康素养水平的分布情况,寻找广东省健康素养干预的重点人群。方法按照全国统一的健康素养监测方案,开展广东省健康素养监测。利用描述性统计分析方法分析调查对象的人口学分布和健康素养水平;利用χ~2检验分析人口学变量与健康素养水平之间的关系;利用R语言制作马赛克图寻找健康素养干预的重点人群。结果广东省城市居民健康素养水平为14. 4%,农村为4. 8%;居民健康素养水平随着文化程度的提升而提升;25-34岁年龄段居民健康素养水平最高,为16. 3%;居民健康素养水平在城乡分布、文化程度和年龄段3个变量上的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。从马赛克图中看出,65～69岁群体城市监测点其健康素养水平与文化程度的变化趋势和全人群的变化趋势不一致,表现为文化程度是初中/高中群体的健康素养水平最高(P<0.001);在农村监测点的65～69岁群体中,则没有发现上述现象。其他群体的健康素养水平的分布情况与常规分布基本一致。结论对于一般群体,需重点干预农村、低文化程度和44岁以上人群;对于65～69岁群体,城市干预活动的重点是文化程度为小学及以下和大专/本科及以上的群体;农村干预重点人群与一般群体的重点干预人群一致。
Objective To understand the distribution of health literacy level among residents in Guangdong in2016 years, and to explore key intervention population for health literacy. Methods Health literacy monitoring in Guangdong was carried out according to national uniform health literacy monitoring program. Descriptive statistics analysis was used to analyze demographic distribution and health literacy level and χ~2 test was used to analyze the relationship between demographic variables and health literacy level. Mosaic map by R language was used to find out key intervention group for health literacy. Results Health literacy level was 14. 4% in urban areas and 4. 8% in rural areas of Guangdong Province. Health literacy level of residents was increased with education level. Health literacy level of residents aged 25-34 was 16. 3% and higher than all other age groups. There were significant difference in health literacy levels among residents in urban and rural areas, different education levels and age(P <0. 001).According to mosaic map, the change trend of health literacy level with cultural degree among population aged 65-69 years old in city monitoring points was not consistent with the changing trend of the whole population, it showed that the highest level of health literacy among the level of education were junior and high school groups(P <0.001). The same phenomenon was not found in population aged 65-69 years old group at rural monitoring points. The distribution of health literacy levels in other groups was basically same as that of normal distribution. Conclusion For general groups, populations with low educational level, or over 44 years old, or rural areas should be strengthened. For population aged 65-69 years old, the focus of intervention were the populations with education level of primary school and below, college/undergraduate and above in urban areas. The key intervention groups in rural areas were consistent with the general intervention groups.
Objective To understand the distribution of health literacy level among residents in Guangdong in2016 years, and to explore key intervention population for health literacy. Methods Health literacy monitoring in Guangdong was carried out according to national uniform health literacy monitoring program. Descriptive statistics analysis was used to analyze demographic distribution and health literacy level and χ~2 test was used to analyze the relationship between demographic variables and health literacy level. Mosaic map by R language was used to find out key intervention group for health literacy. Results Health literacy level was 14. 4% in urban areas and 4. 8% in rural areas of Guangdong Province. Health literacy level of residents was increased with education level. Health literacy level of residents aged 25-34 was 16. 3% and higher than all other age groups. There were significant difference in health literacy levels among residents in urban and rural areas, different education levels and age(P <0. 001).According to mosaic map, the change trend of health literacy level with cultural degree among population aged 65-69 years old in city monitoring points was not consistent with the changing trend of the whole population, it showed that the highest level of health literacy among the level of education were junior and high school groups(P <0.001). The same phenomenon was not found in population aged 65-69 years old group at rural monitoring points. The distribution of health literacy levels in other groups was basically same as that of normal distribution. Conclusion For general groups, populations with low educational level, or over 44 years old, or rural areas should be strengthened. For population aged 65-69 years old, the focus of intervention were the populations with education level of primary school and below, college/undergraduate and above in urban areas. The key intervention groups in rural areas were consistent with the general intervention groups.
引文
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[15]周焕,贺俊,刘亮亮.财政分权、城乡收入差距对居民健康水平影响的实证检验[J].统计与决策,2017(12):137-140.
[16]赵建国,陈亮.区域收人差距对居民健康的影响研究[J].财经问题研究,2018(11):122-128.
[2] DeWalt DA,Hink A. Health literacy and child health outcomes:a systematic review of the literature[J]. Pediatrics,2009,124(Suppl3):S265-S274.
[3]杨桂丽,陈镭,张晓红,等.温州市居民健康素养与吸烟行为调查[J].预防医学,2018,30(3):253-256.
[4] Simonds SK. Health education:facing issues of policy,ethics,and social justice[J]. Health Educ Monogrt 1978,6(Suppl 1):S18-S27.
[5]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.《中国公民健康素养——基本知识与技能(2015年版)》发布[EB/OL].(2016-01-06)[2018-06-21]. http://www. nhfpc. gov. cn/xcs/s3582/201601/766ff12e01844a64a80f23949f5d351b.shtml.
[6]周荣军,梁绍伶,熊绮梦,等.2014年广西居民健康素养调查[J].中国健康教育,2017,33(10):881-883.
[7]李芳芳,严维红,杜维婧.2014年新疆15~69岁居民健康素养水平调查分析[J].中国健康教育,2017,33(12):1100-1104.
[8]单诗洋.2014年辽宁省居民健康素养调查分析[D].长春:吉林大学,2017.
[9]李莉,李英华,聂雪琼,等.2012年中国居民健康素养影响因素分析[J].中国健康教育,2015,31(2):104-107.
[10]拉巴卓玛,聂雪琼,尼玛曲措,等.2014年西藏自治区城乡居民健康素养水平调查分析[J].中国健康教育,2017,33(11):963-966.
[11] Kabacoff RI.R语言实战[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2015:259-261.
[12]中共中央,国务院.中共中央国务院印发《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》[EB/OL].(2016-10-25)[2018-06-21]. http://www. gov. cn/zhengce/2016-10/25/content_5124174. htm.
[13]周广肃,樊纲,申广军.收人差距、社会资本与健康水平:基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)的实证分析[J].管理世界,2014(7):12-21.
[14]徐淑一,王宁宁.经济地位、主观社会地位与居民自感健康[J].统计研究,2015,32(3):62-68.
[15]周焕,贺俊,刘亮亮.财政分权、城乡收入差距对居民健康水平影响的实证检验[J].统计与决策,2017(12):137-140.
[16]赵建国,陈亮.区域收人差距对居民健康的影响研究[J].财经问题研究,2018(11):122-128.