十种海洋寡毛类纤毛虫:形态学及分类学修订
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摘要
利用活体观察和蛋白银染色技术对近年来采自青岛、大亚湾、湛江沿岸水体的10个海洋寡毛类纤毛虫种:侧扁急游虫Strombidium apolatum Wilbert&Song, 2005、具头急游虫Strombidium capitatum (Leegaard,1995) Kahl, 1932、广东急游虫Strombidium guangdongense Liu, et al., 2016、拟卡氏急游虫Strombidium paracalkinsi (Lei, et al., 1999) Agatha, 2004、拟楔尾急游虫Strombidium parastylifer Song, et al., 2009、铃木急游虫Strombidium suzukii Song, et al., 2009、束腰旋游虫Spirostrombidium cinctum (Kahl, 1932) Petz, et al.,1995、杨科夫平游虫Parallelostrombidium jankowski (Song, et al., 2009) Song, et al., 2018、卡尔平游虫Parallelostrombidium kahli (Song, et al., 2009) Song, et al., 2018、最小拟盗虫Strombidinopsis minima (Gruber,1884) Song&Bradbury, 1998的形态学开展了比较研究,补充和厘定了有关形态特征、纤毛图式以及性状变异等分类学新信息。
The oligotrich ciliates are important components of the marine microplankton. Many studies have been carried out on the taxonomy of these taxa in the past one and a half centuries. However, ambiguities concerning their identification have been accumulated due to lacking key morphological characters. Ten poorly known oligotrichs, Strombidium apolatum Wilbert & Song, 2005, Strombidium capitatum(Leegaard, 1995) Kahl, 1932, Strombidium guangdongense Liu, et al., 2016, Strombidium paracalkinsi(Lei, et al., 1999) Agatha, 2004, Strombidium parastylifer Song, et al., 2009, Strombidium suzukii Song, et al., 2009, Spirostrombidium cinctum(Kahl, 1932) Petz, et al., 1995, Parallelostrombidium jankowski(Song, et al., 2009) Song, et al., 2018, Parallelostrombidium kahli(Song, et al., 2009) Song,et al., 2018, Strombidinopsis minima(Gruber, 1884) Song & Bradbury, 1998 were investigated using live observation and protargol impregnation methods. Based on the present populations, much more information particularly with respect to their morphological features in vivo as well as original morphometric data were provided. Compared with previous population, some variable characters of these species were recorded.
The oligotrich ciliates are important components of the marine microplankton. Many studies have been carried out on the taxonomy of these taxa in the past one and a half centuries. However, ambiguities concerning their identification have been accumulated due to lacking key morphological characters. Ten poorly known oligotrichs, Strombidium apolatum Wilbert & Song, 2005, Strombidium capitatum(Leegaard, 1995) Kahl, 1932, Strombidium guangdongense Liu, et al., 2016, Strombidium paracalkinsi(Lei, et al., 1999) Agatha, 2004, Strombidium parastylifer Song, et al., 2009, Strombidium suzukii Song, et al., 2009, Spirostrombidium cinctum(Kahl, 1932) Petz, et al., 1995, Parallelostrombidium jankowski(Song, et al., 2009) Song, et al., 2018, Parallelostrombidium kahli(Song, et al., 2009) Song,et al., 2018, Strombidinopsis minima(Gruber, 1884) Song & Bradbury, 1998 were investigated using live observation and protargol impregnation methods. Based on the present populations, much more information particularly with respect to their morphological features in vivo as well as original morphometric data were provided. Compared with previous population, some variable characters of these species were recorded.
引文
[1]Agatha S.Global diversity of aloricate Oligotrichea(Protista,Ciliophora,Spirotricha)in marine and brackish sea water[J].PLoS One,2011,6(8):e22466
[2]Liu W W,Jiang J M,Xu Y,et al.Diversity of free-living marine ciliates(Alveolata,Ciliophora):Faunal studies in coastal waters of China during the years 2011-2016[J].European Journal of Protistology,2017,61:424-438
[3]Fenchel T.The microbial loop-25 years later[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology&Ecology,2008,266(2):99-103
[4]Song W B,Warren A,Hu X Z.Free-living Ciliates in the Bohai and Yellow Seas,China[M].Beijing:Science Press.2009,518[宋微波,Warren A,胡晓钟.黄渤海自由生纤毛虫.北京:科学出版社.2009,518]
[5]Agatha S,Riedel-LorjéJ C.Redescription of Tintinnopsis cylindrica Daday,1887(Ciliophora:Spirotricha)and unification of tintinnid terminology[J].Acta Protozoologyica,2006,45(2):137-151
[6]Gao F,Warren A,Zhang Q Q,et al.The all-data-based evolutionary hypothesis of ciliated protists with a revised classification of the phylum Ciliophora(Eukaryota,Alveolata)[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:24874
[7]Wilbert N,Song W B.New contributions to the marine benthic ciliates from the Antarctic area,including description of seven new species(Protozoa,Ciliophora)[J].Journal of Natural History,2005,39:935-973
[8]Xu D P,Song W B,Hu X Z.Notes on two marine ciliates from the Yellow Sea,China:Placus salinus and Strombidium apolatum(Protozoa,Ciliophora)[J].Journal of Ocean University of China,2005,14:137-144
[9]Lei Y L,Xu K D,Song W B.Free living ciliates from marine farming ponds[A].In:Song W B(Eds.),Progress in Protozoology[C].Qingdao:Qingdao Ocean University Press.1999,269-295[类彦立,徐奎栋,宋微波.海水养殖水体中见习自由生纤毛虫.见:宋微波,原生动物学进展.青岛:青岛海洋大学出版社.1999,269-295]
[10]Montagnes D J S,Lynn D H,Stoecker D K,et al.Taxonomic description of one new species and redescription of four species in the family Strombidiidae(Ciliophora,Oligotrichida)[J].Journal of Protozoology,1988,35:189-197
[11]Pettigrosso R E,Rosa E.Planktonic ciliates Choreotrichida and Strombidiida from the inner zone of Bahía Blanca Estuary,Argentina[J].Iheringia Série Zoologia,2003,93(2):117-126
[12]Xu D P,Song W B,Warren A,et al.Redescriptions of two marine planktonic ciliates from China,Parastrombidium faurei(Kahl,1932)Maeda,1986 and Strombidium capitatum(Leegaard,1915)Kahl,1932(Ciliophora,Oligotrichea)[J].European Journal of Protistology,2007,43(1):27-45
[13]Agatha S,Riedel-LorjéJ C.Morphology,infraciliature,and ecology of halteriids and strombidiids(Ciliophora,Oligotrichea)from coastal brackish water basins[J].Archiv für Protistenkunde,1997,148(4):445-459
[14]Liu W W,Xu D P,Ma H G,et al.Taxonomy and molecular systematics of three oligotrich(s.l.)ciliates including descriptions of two new species,Strombidium guangdongense sp.nov.and Strombidinopsis sinicum sp.nov.(Protozoa,Ciliophora)[J].Systematics and Biodiversity,2016,14(5):452-465
[15]Song W B,Wang M,Warren A.Redescriptions of three marine ciliates,Strombidium elegans Florentin,1901,Strombidium sulcatum Claparede&Lachmmann,1859and Heterostrombidium paracalkinsi Lei Xu&Song1999(Ciliophora,Oligotrichida)[J].European Journal of Protistology,2000,36(3):327-342
[16]Lee E S,Kim Y O,Agatha S,et al.Revision of Strombidium paracalkinsi(Ciliophora:Oligotri-chea:Oligotrichia),with comparison of strombidiids bearing thigmotactic membranelles[J].Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology,2015,62(3):400-409
[17]Song W B,Packroff G.Taxonomische Untersuchungen an marinen Ciliaten aus China mit Beschreibungen von 2neuen Arten,Strombidium globosaneum nov.spec.und Strombidium platum nov.spec.(Protozoa,Ciliophora)[J].Archiv für Protistenkunde,1997,147(3-4):331-360
[18]Martin A J,Montagnes D J S.Winter ciliates in a British Columbian Fjord:six new species and an analysis of ciliate putative prey[J].Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology,1993,40(5):535-549
[19]Liu W W,Yi Z Z,Warren A,et al.Taxonomy,morphology and molecular systematics of a new oligotrich ciliates,Williophrya maedai gen.n.,sp.n.,with redescriptions of Strombidium basimorphum and Pseudotontonia simplicidens(Protozoa,Ciliophora,Oligotrichia)[J].Systematics and Biodiversity,2011,9(3):247-258
[20]Lynn D H,Montagnes D J S,Small E B.Taxonomic descriptions of some conspicuous species in the family Strombidiidae(Ciliophora:Oligotrichida)from the Isles of Shoals,Gulf of Maine[J].Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom,1988,68(2):259-276
[21]Kahl A.Urtiere oder Protozoa I:Wimpertiere oder Ciliata(Infusoria)3.Spirotricha[A].In:Dahl F(Eds.).Die Tierwelt Deutschlands[C].Jena Gustav Fischer,1932,25:399-650
[22]Xu D P,Song W B.Hapantotypification and morphological redescription of the marine planktonic ciliate,Spirostrombidium cinctum(Kahl,1932)Petz,Song&Wilbert,1995(Ciliophora:Oligotrichida)[J].Acta Protozoologica,2006,45(1):17-25
[23]Song W,Wang L,Li L,et al.Morphological characterizations of four species of Parallelostrombidium(Ciliophora,Oligotrichia),with a note on the phylogeny of the genus[J].Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology,2018,65(5):679-693
[24]Agatha S.Redescription of Strombidinopsis minima(Gruber,1884)Lynn et al.,1991(Protozoa,Ciliophora),with notes on its ontogenesis and distribution[J].European Journal of Protistology,2003,39(3):233-244
[25]Lynn D H,Montagnes D J S,Dale T,et al.A reassessment of the genus Strombidinopsis(Ciliophora:Choreotrichida)with description of four new planktonic species and remarks on its taxonomy and phylogeny[J].Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom,1991,71(3):597-612
[26]Song W,Bradbury P.Studies on some new and rare reported marine planktonic ciliates(Ciliophora:Oligotrichia)from coastal waters in North China[J].Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom,1998,78(3):767-794
[2]Liu W W,Jiang J M,Xu Y,et al.Diversity of free-living marine ciliates(Alveolata,Ciliophora):Faunal studies in coastal waters of China during the years 2011-2016[J].European Journal of Protistology,2017,61:424-438
[3]Fenchel T.The microbial loop-25 years later[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology&Ecology,2008,266(2):99-103
[4]Song W B,Warren A,Hu X Z.Free-living Ciliates in the Bohai and Yellow Seas,China[M].Beijing:Science Press.2009,518[宋微波,Warren A,胡晓钟.黄渤海自由生纤毛虫.北京:科学出版社.2009,518]
[5]Agatha S,Riedel-LorjéJ C.Redescription of Tintinnopsis cylindrica Daday,1887(Ciliophora:Spirotricha)and unification of tintinnid terminology[J].Acta Protozoologyica,2006,45(2):137-151
[6]Gao F,Warren A,Zhang Q Q,et al.The all-data-based evolutionary hypothesis of ciliated protists with a revised classification of the phylum Ciliophora(Eukaryota,Alveolata)[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:24874
[7]Wilbert N,Song W B.New contributions to the marine benthic ciliates from the Antarctic area,including description of seven new species(Protozoa,Ciliophora)[J].Journal of Natural History,2005,39:935-973
[8]Xu D P,Song W B,Hu X Z.Notes on two marine ciliates from the Yellow Sea,China:Placus salinus and Strombidium apolatum(Protozoa,Ciliophora)[J].Journal of Ocean University of China,2005,14:137-144
[9]Lei Y L,Xu K D,Song W B.Free living ciliates from marine farming ponds[A].In:Song W B(Eds.),Progress in Protozoology[C].Qingdao:Qingdao Ocean University Press.1999,269-295[类彦立,徐奎栋,宋微波.海水养殖水体中见习自由生纤毛虫.见:宋微波,原生动物学进展.青岛:青岛海洋大学出版社.1999,269-295]
[10]Montagnes D J S,Lynn D H,Stoecker D K,et al.Taxonomic description of one new species and redescription of four species in the family Strombidiidae(Ciliophora,Oligotrichida)[J].Journal of Protozoology,1988,35:189-197
[11]Pettigrosso R E,Rosa E.Planktonic ciliates Choreotrichida and Strombidiida from the inner zone of Bahía Blanca Estuary,Argentina[J].Iheringia Série Zoologia,2003,93(2):117-126
[12]Xu D P,Song W B,Warren A,et al.Redescriptions of two marine planktonic ciliates from China,Parastrombidium faurei(Kahl,1932)Maeda,1986 and Strombidium capitatum(Leegaard,1915)Kahl,1932(Ciliophora,Oligotrichea)[J].European Journal of Protistology,2007,43(1):27-45
[13]Agatha S,Riedel-LorjéJ C.Morphology,infraciliature,and ecology of halteriids and strombidiids(Ciliophora,Oligotrichea)from coastal brackish water basins[J].Archiv für Protistenkunde,1997,148(4):445-459
[14]Liu W W,Xu D P,Ma H G,et al.Taxonomy and molecular systematics of three oligotrich(s.l.)ciliates including descriptions of two new species,Strombidium guangdongense sp.nov.and Strombidinopsis sinicum sp.nov.(Protozoa,Ciliophora)[J].Systematics and Biodiversity,2016,14(5):452-465
[15]Song W B,Wang M,Warren A.Redescriptions of three marine ciliates,Strombidium elegans Florentin,1901,Strombidium sulcatum Claparede&Lachmmann,1859and Heterostrombidium paracalkinsi Lei Xu&Song1999(Ciliophora,Oligotrichida)[J].European Journal of Protistology,2000,36(3):327-342
[16]Lee E S,Kim Y O,Agatha S,et al.Revision of Strombidium paracalkinsi(Ciliophora:Oligotri-chea:Oligotrichia),with comparison of strombidiids bearing thigmotactic membranelles[J].Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology,2015,62(3):400-409
[17]Song W B,Packroff G.Taxonomische Untersuchungen an marinen Ciliaten aus China mit Beschreibungen von 2neuen Arten,Strombidium globosaneum nov.spec.und Strombidium platum nov.spec.(Protozoa,Ciliophora)[J].Archiv für Protistenkunde,1997,147(3-4):331-360
[18]Martin A J,Montagnes D J S.Winter ciliates in a British Columbian Fjord:six new species and an analysis of ciliate putative prey[J].Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology,1993,40(5):535-549
[19]Liu W W,Yi Z Z,Warren A,et al.Taxonomy,morphology and molecular systematics of a new oligotrich ciliates,Williophrya maedai gen.n.,sp.n.,with redescriptions of Strombidium basimorphum and Pseudotontonia simplicidens(Protozoa,Ciliophora,Oligotrichia)[J].Systematics and Biodiversity,2011,9(3):247-258
[20]Lynn D H,Montagnes D J S,Small E B.Taxonomic descriptions of some conspicuous species in the family Strombidiidae(Ciliophora:Oligotrichida)from the Isles of Shoals,Gulf of Maine[J].Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom,1988,68(2):259-276
[21]Kahl A.Urtiere oder Protozoa I:Wimpertiere oder Ciliata(Infusoria)3.Spirotricha[A].In:Dahl F(Eds.).Die Tierwelt Deutschlands[C].Jena Gustav Fischer,1932,25:399-650
[22]Xu D P,Song W B.Hapantotypification and morphological redescription of the marine planktonic ciliate,Spirostrombidium cinctum(Kahl,1932)Petz,Song&Wilbert,1995(Ciliophora:Oligotrichida)[J].Acta Protozoologica,2006,45(1):17-25
[23]Song W,Wang L,Li L,et al.Morphological characterizations of four species of Parallelostrombidium(Ciliophora,Oligotrichia),with a note on the phylogeny of the genus[J].Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology,2018,65(5):679-693
[24]Agatha S.Redescription of Strombidinopsis minima(Gruber,1884)Lynn et al.,1991(Protozoa,Ciliophora),with notes on its ontogenesis and distribution[J].European Journal of Protistology,2003,39(3):233-244
[25]Lynn D H,Montagnes D J S,Dale T,et al.A reassessment of the genus Strombidinopsis(Ciliophora:Choreotrichida)with description of four new planktonic species and remarks on its taxonomy and phylogeny[J].Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom,1991,71(3):597-612
[26]Song W,Bradbury P.Studies on some new and rare reported marine planktonic ciliates(Ciliophora:Oligotrichia)from coastal waters in North China[J].Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom,1998,78(3):767-794