中国野生百合叶表皮特征及系统学意义
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摘要
利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对20个野生百合种或变种的叶表皮进行了系统观察和比较分析,结果表明:(1)20种野生百合气孔器均分布于叶片远轴面,气孔器的长轴与远轴面细胞长轴方向一致,均位于远轴面细胞的端点处。气孔器形状从长椭圆形到近圆形不等;保卫细胞均为肾形,无副卫细胞,保卫细胞表面角质层均具条纹;表皮细胞角质层近于光滑或具条纹,均具蜡质,蜡质纹饰呈膜片状晶体或颗粒状;气孔密度、气孔器大小、近轴面远轴面细胞、垂周壁样式差异较大。(2)聚类分析表明,兰州百合、川百合、卷丹百合、紫斑百合、乳头百合、宝兴百合、山丹百合、大理百合、绿花百合、毛百合和有斑百合聚为类群Ⅰ;淡黄花百合、岷江百合和玫红百合3个野生种聚为类群Ⅱ;青岛百合单独为类群Ⅲ;宜昌百合、紫脊百合、通江百合、百合和野百合聚为类群Ⅳ,聚类结果总体上支持形态学分类的结果。(3)叶表皮形态对于区分野生百合不同种具有重要的分类学价值。
Structural characters of leaf epidermis of 20 wild Liliumspecies were examined by the optical microscope and the scanning electron microscopy.The results showed that:(1)The stomatas of 20 wild lilies are all distributed in abaxial epidermis of their leaf epidermis,which are parallel to the cells of abaxial epidermis,and located in the endpoint of abaxial epidermis cells.They have no accessory cells,and their guard cells are kidney.The type of guard cells cuticle is striate,and the types of epidermis cells cuticle are smooth or striate.The epidermis cells of all species have waxes which have two types,membranous platelets and platelets.There are significant differences between species in stomata density,size of stomata and leaf cells,pattern of anticlinal walls;(2)L.davidii var.willmottiae,L.davidii,L.lancifolium,L.nepalense,L.papilliferum,L.duchartrei,L.pumilum,L.taliense,L.fargesii,L.concolor var.pulchellum,L.dauricum were clustered in the first group and L.sulphureum,L.regale,L.amoenum belong to the second group while L.tsingtauense formed a distinct group,L.leucanthum,L.leucanthumvar.centifolium,L.sargentiae,L.brownii var.viridulum,L.brownii were clustered in the fourth group using clustering analysis which is accordance with structural characters of leaf epidermis;(3)Structural characters of leaf epidermis play important taxonomic value in distinguishing between different wild lilies.
Structural characters of leaf epidermis of 20 wild Liliumspecies were examined by the optical microscope and the scanning electron microscopy.The results showed that:(1)The stomatas of 20 wild lilies are all distributed in abaxial epidermis of their leaf epidermis,which are parallel to the cells of abaxial epidermis,and located in the endpoint of abaxial epidermis cells.They have no accessory cells,and their guard cells are kidney.The type of guard cells cuticle is striate,and the types of epidermis cells cuticle are smooth or striate.The epidermis cells of all species have waxes which have two types,membranous platelets and platelets.There are significant differences between species in stomata density,size of stomata and leaf cells,pattern of anticlinal walls;(2)L.davidii var.willmottiae,L.davidii,L.lancifolium,L.nepalense,L.papilliferum,L.duchartrei,L.pumilum,L.taliense,L.fargesii,L.concolor var.pulchellum,L.dauricum were clustered in the first group and L.sulphureum,L.regale,L.amoenum belong to the second group while L.tsingtauense formed a distinct group,L.leucanthum,L.leucanthumvar.centifolium,L.sargentiae,L.brownii var.viridulum,L.brownii were clustered in the fourth group using clustering analysis which is accordance with structural characters of leaf epidermis;(3)Structural characters of leaf epidermis play important taxonomic value in distinguishing between different wild lilies.
引文
[1] 赵祥云,王树栋,陈新露.百合[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1999.1.
[2] 陈心启,许介眉,梁松筠.中国植物志[M].北京:科学出版社,1980.116.
[3] COMBER H F.A new classification of the genus Lilium[J].Lily Yearbook,Royale Horticulture Society(London),1949,15:86-105.
[4] NISHIKAWA T,OKAZAKI K,UCHINO T.A molecular phylogeny of Liliumin the internal transcribed spacer region in nuclear ribosomal DNA[J].Journal of Molecular Evolution,1999,49:238-249.
[5] XIANG D Y(向地英),ZHANG Y L(张延龙),NIU L X(牛立新).Study on morphological diversity of wild lily from Qinba Mountain and its adjacent area[J].Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research(武汉植物学研究),2005,23(4):385-388(in Chinese).
[6] XIANG D Y(向地英),ZHANG Y L(张延龙),HAO R J(郝瑞杰).Study on the characters description of Liliumfrom Qinba Mountain and its adjacent area[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin(中国农学通报),2006,22(10):97-100(in Chinese).
[7] ZHANG Y L(张延龙),ZHANG Q X(张启翔),XIE S L(谢松林).Pollen morphology of 8species in Liliumfrom Qinba Mountain Areas[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica(西北农业学报),2010,19(1):144-146(in Chinese).
[8] GU X(顾 欣),ZHANG Y L(张延龙),NIU L X(牛立新).Pollen morphology observation of 15wild lilies from four provinces in western China[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica(园艺学报),2013,40(7):1 389-1 398(in Chinese).
[9] CARLQUIST S J.Comparative Plant Anatomy:aguide to taxonomic and evolutionary application of anatomical data in angiosperms[M].New York:Holt,Rinehart and Winston,1961:1-146.
[10] STACE C A.Cuticular Studies as an Aid to Plant Taxonomy[M].Bulletin of the British Museum(Natural History)Botany,1965:1-78.
[11] SHARMA G K,DUNN D B.Environmental modifications of leaf surface traits in Datura Stramonium[J].Canadian Journal of Botany,1969,47:1 211-1 216.
[12] DILCHER D L.Approaches to the identification of angiosperm leaf remains[J].The Botanical Review,1974,40:1-157.
[13] WANG Y G(王玉国),LI G Z(李光照),ZHANG W J(张文驹),et al.Leaf epidermal features of Rhododendron(Ericaceae)from China and their systematic significance[J].Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica,2007,45(1):1-20(in Chinese).
[14] CAO M(曹 明),ZHANG D X(张奠湘).Leaf epidermal morphology of Zanthoxylums.l(Rutaceae)from China[J].Journal of Systematics and Evolution(植物分类学报),2008,46(4):628-640(in Chinese)
[15] WANG H(王 虹),ZHANG W H(张卫红),WEI X L(魏晓丽),et al.Leaf epidermal micro-morphology structures of twelve species of Scutellaria L.from Xinjiang[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica(西北植物学报),2013,33(5):952-962(in Chinese).
[16] JING Z,WEN C W,XUN G,et al.Leaf epidermal morphology in Peucedanum L.(Umbelliferae)from China[J].Acta Botanica Gallica:Botany Letters,2014,161(1):21-31.
[17] GU L J(谷丽佳),WANG W H(王文和),ZHAO X N(赵西宁).Leaf epidermis micro-morphological characters of lily[J].Journal of BeiJing University of Agriculture(北京农学院学报),2010,25(4):26-31(in Chinese).
[18] LI L B(李雷博),YANG L P(杨利平).2014.Characters of leaf epidermis in the lily hybrid of‘Red Knight’and‘Sorbonne’[J].Journal of Agricultureal University of Hebei(河北农业大学学报),2014,37(1):59-63(in Chinese).
[19] BARTHLOTT W,NEINHUIS C,CUTLER D.Classification and terminology of plant epicuticular waxes[J].Botanical Joumal of the Linnean Society,1998,126(3):237-260.
[20] SHI SH(石 硕),HE X L(贺学礼),ZHU D L(祝东立).Comparative study on the leaf epidermal structure of two Artemisiaspecies at different altitudes[J].Journal of Hebei Agricultural University(河北农业大学学报),2008,31(1):43-47(in Chinese).
[21] SHNEYER V S,KUTYAVINA N G,PIMENOV M G.Systematic relationships within and between Peucedanumand Angelica(Umbelliferae-Peucedaneae)inferred from immunological studies of seed proteins[J].Plant Systematics and Evolution,2003,236(3-4):175-194.
[22] MICHAEL J B,HARRIS H.The Gardener's Guide to Growing Lilies[M].Oregon:Timber Press,2002:1-160.
[23] LEE C S,KIM S C,YEAU S H,et al.Major lineages of the genus Lilium(Liliaceae)based on nrDNA sequences,with special emphasis on the Korean species[J].Journal of Plant Biology,2011,54:159-171.
[24] ZHI L(智 丽),TENG ZH H(滕中华),LI X Y(李先源),et al.Phylogenetic relationship analysis of 23wild species of Liliumby SRAP markers[J].Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology(农业生物技术学报),2011,19(4):677-684(in Chinese).
[2] 陈心启,许介眉,梁松筠.中国植物志[M].北京:科学出版社,1980.116.
[3] COMBER H F.A new classification of the genus Lilium[J].Lily Yearbook,Royale Horticulture Society(London),1949,15:86-105.
[4] NISHIKAWA T,OKAZAKI K,UCHINO T.A molecular phylogeny of Liliumin the internal transcribed spacer region in nuclear ribosomal DNA[J].Journal of Molecular Evolution,1999,49:238-249.
[5] XIANG D Y(向地英),ZHANG Y L(张延龙),NIU L X(牛立新).Study on morphological diversity of wild lily from Qinba Mountain and its adjacent area[J].Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research(武汉植物学研究),2005,23(4):385-388(in Chinese).
[6] XIANG D Y(向地英),ZHANG Y L(张延龙),HAO R J(郝瑞杰).Study on the characters description of Liliumfrom Qinba Mountain and its adjacent area[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin(中国农学通报),2006,22(10):97-100(in Chinese).
[7] ZHANG Y L(张延龙),ZHANG Q X(张启翔),XIE S L(谢松林).Pollen morphology of 8species in Liliumfrom Qinba Mountain Areas[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica(西北农业学报),2010,19(1):144-146(in Chinese).
[8] GU X(顾 欣),ZHANG Y L(张延龙),NIU L X(牛立新).Pollen morphology observation of 15wild lilies from four provinces in western China[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica(园艺学报),2013,40(7):1 389-1 398(in Chinese).
[9] CARLQUIST S J.Comparative Plant Anatomy:aguide to taxonomic and evolutionary application of anatomical data in angiosperms[M].New York:Holt,Rinehart and Winston,1961:1-146.
[10] STACE C A.Cuticular Studies as an Aid to Plant Taxonomy[M].Bulletin of the British Museum(Natural History)Botany,1965:1-78.
[11] SHARMA G K,DUNN D B.Environmental modifications of leaf surface traits in Datura Stramonium[J].Canadian Journal of Botany,1969,47:1 211-1 216.
[12] DILCHER D L.Approaches to the identification of angiosperm leaf remains[J].The Botanical Review,1974,40:1-157.
[13] WANG Y G(王玉国),LI G Z(李光照),ZHANG W J(张文驹),et al.Leaf epidermal features of Rhododendron(Ericaceae)from China and their systematic significance[J].Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica,2007,45(1):1-20(in Chinese).
[14] CAO M(曹 明),ZHANG D X(张奠湘).Leaf epidermal morphology of Zanthoxylums.l(Rutaceae)from China[J].Journal of Systematics and Evolution(植物分类学报),2008,46(4):628-640(in Chinese)
[15] WANG H(王 虹),ZHANG W H(张卫红),WEI X L(魏晓丽),et al.Leaf epidermal micro-morphology structures of twelve species of Scutellaria L.from Xinjiang[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica(西北植物学报),2013,33(5):952-962(in Chinese).
[16] JING Z,WEN C W,XUN G,et al.Leaf epidermal morphology in Peucedanum L.(Umbelliferae)from China[J].Acta Botanica Gallica:Botany Letters,2014,161(1):21-31.
[17] GU L J(谷丽佳),WANG W H(王文和),ZHAO X N(赵西宁).Leaf epidermis micro-morphological characters of lily[J].Journal of BeiJing University of Agriculture(北京农学院学报),2010,25(4):26-31(in Chinese).
[18] LI L B(李雷博),YANG L P(杨利平).2014.Characters of leaf epidermis in the lily hybrid of‘Red Knight’and‘Sorbonne’[J].Journal of Agricultureal University of Hebei(河北农业大学学报),2014,37(1):59-63(in Chinese).
[19] BARTHLOTT W,NEINHUIS C,CUTLER D.Classification and terminology of plant epicuticular waxes[J].Botanical Joumal of the Linnean Society,1998,126(3):237-260.
[20] SHI SH(石 硕),HE X L(贺学礼),ZHU D L(祝东立).Comparative study on the leaf epidermal structure of two Artemisiaspecies at different altitudes[J].Journal of Hebei Agricultural University(河北农业大学学报),2008,31(1):43-47(in Chinese).
[21] SHNEYER V S,KUTYAVINA N G,PIMENOV M G.Systematic relationships within and between Peucedanumand Angelica(Umbelliferae-Peucedaneae)inferred from immunological studies of seed proteins[J].Plant Systematics and Evolution,2003,236(3-4):175-194.
[22] MICHAEL J B,HARRIS H.The Gardener's Guide to Growing Lilies[M].Oregon:Timber Press,2002:1-160.
[23] LEE C S,KIM S C,YEAU S H,et al.Major lineages of the genus Lilium(Liliaceae)based on nrDNA sequences,with special emphasis on the Korean species[J].Journal of Plant Biology,2011,54:159-171.
[24] ZHI L(智 丽),TENG ZH H(滕中华),LI X Y(李先源),et al.Phylogenetic relationship analysis of 23wild species of Liliumby SRAP markers[J].Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology(农业生物技术学报),2011,19(4):677-684(in Chinese).