顺序氯化消毒对微污染原水消毒副产物控制研究
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摘要
针对某市备用微污染水源水,研究了在短时游离氯后转氯胺的顺序氯化消毒工艺下的消毒副产物生成特性,并探究了消毒方式、加氨转化时间、氯胺比和p H对消毒副产物(DBPs)生成量的影响。结果表明,顺序氯化组合工艺能够大大降低消毒过程中目标含碳消毒副产物(C-DBPs)和含氮消毒副产物(N-DBPs)的生成量,优化的加氨转化时间应控制在30 min内,适宜的氯氮质量比在1/5~1/3;组合工艺中产生的C-DBPs和N-DBPs受p H的影响较复杂,由短时游离氯和转氨后氯胺消毒两部分组成,前者DBPs生成量随p H的升高而增加,后者随p H的升高而降低,整体工艺随p H的升高由前10 min自由氯对DBPs生成量的贡献越大。
The formation characteristic of disinfection by-products(DBPs) by short-term free chlorine plus chloramines disinfection process in micropolluted source water was studied. The effects of disinfection methods, time to add ammonia, chlorine-nitrogen ratio and p H on DBPs production were discussed. The results showed that, sequential chlorination combined process could greatly reduce C-DBPs and N-DBPs production. The best time to add ammonia turns out to be within 30 min, and the optimum chlorine-nitrogen ratio was between 1/5~1/3. The influence of p H on the formation of C-DBPs and N-DBPs was the result of the interaction between short-term chlorine and the following chloramines disinfection process, C-DBPs production increased with the increase of p H, and N-DBPs was opposite. The contribution of free chlorine to DBPs production in the first 10 min increased with the increase of p H in the whole process.
The formation characteristic of disinfection by-products(DBPs) by short-term free chlorine plus chloramines disinfection process in micropolluted source water was studied. The effects of disinfection methods, time to add ammonia, chlorine-nitrogen ratio and p H on DBPs production were discussed. The results showed that, sequential chlorination combined process could greatly reduce C-DBPs and N-DBPs production. The best time to add ammonia turns out to be within 30 min, and the optimum chlorine-nitrogen ratio was between 1/5~1/3. The influence of p H on the formation of C-DBPs and N-DBPs was the result of the interaction between short-term chlorine and the following chloramines disinfection process, C-DBPs production increased with the increase of p H, and N-DBPs was opposite. The contribution of free chlorine to DBPs production in the first 10 min increased with the increase of p H in the whole process.
引文
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[2]地表水环境质量标准:GB 3838-2002[S].
[3]SCHENCK K M,SIVAGANESAN M,RICE G E.Correlations of water quality parameters with mutagenicity of chlorinated drinking water samples[J].Journal of Toxicology&Environmental Health Part A,2009,72(7):461-467.
[4]RICHARDSON S D,POSTIGO C.Drinking water disinfection byproducts[M].Springer Berlin Heidelberg,2011:93-137.
[5]岳禹峰,黄仕元,庞朝晖,等.微污染水源水处理技术发展与探讨[J].工业水处理,2006,26(9):14-17.
[6]CHEN C,ZHANG X J,ZHU L X,et al.Disinfection by-products and their precursors in a water treatment plant in North China:Seasonal changes and fraction analysis[J].Science of the Total Environment,2008,397(1/3):140-147.
[7]陈超.控制消毒副产物的顺序氯化消毒及水处理工艺优化研究[D].北京:清华大学,2005.
[8]刘静.饮用水组合氯化消毒工艺研究[D].北京:清华大学,2009.
[9]孙宇翔.微污染水源水中消毒副产物的生成特性与控制研究[M].上海:同济大学,2015.
[10]Environmental Protection Agency.Alternative disinfectants and oxidants guidance manual:ISBN 978-1249422921[S].Biblio Gov,2012.
[11]李冕.饮用水中含氮消毒副产物-TCNM的生成特性与控制研究[M].上海:同济大学,2012.
[12]张晓健,陈超,何文杰,等.顺序氯化消毒工艺的研究[J].中国环境科学,2006,26(4):454-458.
[13]鲁金凤,王琼,冯瑛,等.典型含氮消毒副产物HNMs的最新研究进展[J].中国给水排水,2015,31(4):28-33
[14]王云.氯消毒新工艺对大肠杆菌灭活作用的研究[J].中国环境管理干部学院学报,2012,22(2):68-72.
[15]卢伟强.氯/氯胺消毒对饮用水微生物影响的几个相关问题研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2005.
[16]高乃云,楚文海.饮用水中氯代丙酮类消毒副产物的分析方法研究[J].水工业市场,2011(7):39-42.