含气泡缺陷环氧浇注绝缘管型母线电击穿机理研究
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摘要
绝缘管型母线是一种新型的母线产品,有着优异的性能。但应用时间较短,研究不够深入,致使故障频发。文中设计与制备了含气泡缺陷环氧浇注绝缘管型母线真型样品,通过加压电破坏试验,研究其电击穿机理。在试验中首次发现了气体膨胀鼓包导致最终击穿的破坏方式。研究结果表明,电—机械击穿应为其击穿模式,其击穿过程可分为气体增强阶段和击穿临界阶段两个阶段,并得到了阶段特征与阶段变化判据。气隙内由局部放电导致环氧树脂分解所产生的气体气压超过气隙壁断裂韧性临界值,造成裂纹失稳扩展是击穿的主要原因。可以通过提高环氧树脂材料的抗局部放电能力或对环氧树脂进行改性提高其断裂韧性来增强绝缘管型母线的击穿性能;传统的检测手段难以判断击穿通道的发展状况。研究结果对于其他树脂浇注类绝缘电气设备也具有一定的参考价值。
Insulated tubular bus is a novel type of bus product with excellent performance. However, the period of its application is less two decades and its research is insufficient, which resulting in many accidents. In this paper, the full-scale model of epoxy cast insulated tubular bus was designed and fabricated, and its electrical breakdown mechanism was investigated by withstand voltage test. In the experiment, the failure mode of breakdown caused by gas expansion was found for the first time. The research showed that electrical-mechanical breakdown should be its breakdown mode, and the breakdown process could be divided into two stages: gas increase stage and breakdown threshold stage. The research also obtained the characteristics and the change criteria of the two stages. The gas in the bubble defects generated from epoxy decomposition which caused by partial discharge. When the gas pressure exceeds the critical fracture toughness of the bubble defects wall, the unstable crack extension occurs, therefore, improving the ability about resistance to partial discharge of epoxy resin or improving the fracture toughness of epoxy resin by modifying would enhance the breakdown performance of insulated tubular bus. The result also showed that it was difficult to judge the development status of breakdown channel by traditional testing method. The results of this research also have reference value for other epoxy cast insulated electrical equipment.
Insulated tubular bus is a novel type of bus product with excellent performance. However, the period of its application is less two decades and its research is insufficient, which resulting in many accidents. In this paper, the full-scale model of epoxy cast insulated tubular bus was designed and fabricated, and its electrical breakdown mechanism was investigated by withstand voltage test. In the experiment, the failure mode of breakdown caused by gas expansion was found for the first time. The research showed that electrical-mechanical breakdown should be its breakdown mode, and the breakdown process could be divided into two stages: gas increase stage and breakdown threshold stage. The research also obtained the characteristics and the change criteria of the two stages. The gas in the bubble defects generated from epoxy decomposition which caused by partial discharge. When the gas pressure exceeds the critical fracture toughness of the bubble defects wall, the unstable crack extension occurs, therefore, improving the ability about resistance to partial discharge of epoxy resin or improving the fracture toughness of epoxy resin by modifying would enhance the breakdown performance of insulated tubular bus. The result also showed that it was difficult to judge the development status of breakdown channel by traditional testing method. The results of this research also have reference value for other epoxy cast insulated electrical equipment.
引文
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[11]张亮,李军浩,谭家勇,等.绝缘铜管母线接头处沿面局部放电特性研究[J].高压电器,2013,49(11):94-98.ZHANG Liang, LI Junhao, TAN Jiayong,et al. Characteristics of surface partial discharge on joint of insulated copper busbar[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2013, 49(11):94-98.
[12]邱太洪,王俊波,李国伟,等.局放检测技术在10 kV管型母线故障检测中的应用[J].绝缘材料,2015,48(4):69-72.QIU Taihong, WANG Junbo, Li Guowei, et al. Application of partial discharge detection technology in fault detection of 10 kV tubular busbar[J]. Insulating Materials, 2015,48(4):69-72.
[13]常文治,李成榕,苏錡,等.电缆接头尖刺缺陷局部放电发展过程的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(7):192-201.CHANG Wenzhi, LI Chengrong, SU Qi,et al. Study on development of partial discharges at the defect caused by a needle damage to a cable joint[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(7):192-201.
[14] CHAMPION J, DODD S, STEVENS G. Analysis and modeling of electric tree growth in synthetic resins over a wide range of stressing voltage[J]. Journal of Physics D-Applied Physics, 2007,33(12):14-18.
[15]陈向荣,徐阳,徐杰,等.工频电压下110kVXLPE电缆电树枝生长及局放特性[J].高电压技术,2010,36(10):2436-2443.CHEN Xiangrong, XU Yang, XU Jie, et al. Propagation and partial discharge characteristics of electrical trees in110 kV XLPE cable insulation at power frequency applied voltage[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2010, 36(10):2436-2443.
[16] KINGERY W D, BOWEN H K, UHLMANN D R. Introduction to ceramics[M]. 2nd ed.Wiley International Science, 1976.
[17]金维芳.电介质物理学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1997.JIN Weifang. Dielectric physics[M]. Beijing:China Machine Press, 1997.
[18] XIE A S, ZHENG X Q, LI S T, et al. Investigations of electrical Trees in the inner layer of XLPE cable insulation using computer-aided image recording monitoring[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2010,17(3):685-693.
[19]周利军,成睿,江俊飞,等.局部气压对交联聚乙烯电缆电树枝生长特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2015,41(8):2650-2656.ZHOU Lijun, CHENG Rui, JIANG Junfei, et al. Influence of partial air pressure on the growth characteristics of electrical tress in XLPE cable[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2015,41(8); 2650-2656.
[20]陶文彪,朱光亚,宋述勇,等.交联聚乙烯中丛状电树枝的生长机制[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(13):4004-4012.TAO Wenbiao, ZHU Guangya, SONG Shuyong, et al. The growth mechanism of brush-type electrical tree in XLPE[J].Proceedings of the CSEE, 2018, 38(13):4004-4012.
[21]严家明,廖瑞金.利用局部放电相位分布分析油浸绝缘纸损伤[J].高电压技术,2010,36(10):2488-2493.YAN Jiaming, LIAO Ruijin. Analysis of damage on oil-impregnated insulation paper using phase distribution of par-tial discharge[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2010, 36(10):2488-2493.
[22]任双赞,吴经锋,杨传凯,等.加速老化下油纸绝缘气隙缺陷模型放电的特征演化与参量表征研究[J].高压电器,2018,54(11):213-219.REN Shuangzan, WU Jingfeng, YANG Chuankai, et al.Evolutional behavior and parameters characterization of partial discharge from a cavity defect in oil/paper insulation under aging conditions[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2018,54(11):213-219.
[2]郎进平,田永彪.全屏蔽绝缘管型母线在10kV大电流输电线路的应用[J].电工技术,2014(1):72-73.LANG Jinping, TIAN Yongbiao. Application of full screen insulated tubular busbar in 10 kV high current transmission line[J]. Electric Engineering, 2014(1):72-73.
[3]阮羚,李成磊,杨帆,等.绝缘管型母线的发展现状及研究动向[J].高压电器,2018,54(4):43-53.RUAN Ling, LI Chenglei, YANG Fan,et al. Development status and research trend of insulated tubular bus[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2018,54(4):43-53.
[4]宋邦申.绝缘管型母线的性能优势及存在问题分析[J].电工电气,2015(1):60-61.SONG Bangshen. Performance advantages and exising problems of insulated busbar[J]. Electrical and Electric,2015(1):60-61.
[5]陈贤熙,李国伟.一起变压器变低全绝缘管型母线绝缘缺陷综合分析[J].中国电业(技术版),2014(11):25-28.CHEN Xianxi, LI Guowei. Comprehensive analysis on insulation defects of fully insulated tubular bus at low voltage side of the transformer[J]. China Electric Power(Technology Edition), 2014(11):25-28.
[6]杨帆,张耀东,周启义,等.一起绝缘管型母线故障的综合缺陷分析及防范措施[J].湖北电力,2015,39(8):42-44.YANG Fan, ZHANG Yaodong, ZHOU Qiyi, et al. Comprehensive defect analysis and preventive measures for an insulated busbar fault[J]. Hubei Electric Power, 2015, 39(8):42-44.
[7]陈德会.风电汇集站全绝缘管型母线击穿分析[J].电站系统工程,2018,34(6):81-82.CHEN Dehui. Breakdown analysis of full-insulated tubular busbar in wind power gathering station[J]. Power System Engineering, 2018, 34(6):81-82.
[8]王建华.环氧树脂绝缘件气孔形成原因分析及改进措施[J].上海电气技术,2014,7(4):12-14.WANG Jianhua. The reasons and solutions of the insulator air hole[J]. Journal of Shanghai Electric Technology, 2014,7(4):12-14.
[9]邱昌荣,曹晓珑.电气绝缘测试技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001.QIU Changrong, CAO Xiaolong. Electrical insulation test technology[M]. Beijing:China Machine Press, 2001.
[10]刘凤莲,薛志航,邓元实,等.绝缘管型母线运行特性及状态评估方法[J].高电压技术,2017,43(12):4088-4095.LIU Fenglian, XUE Zhihang, DENG Yuanshi, et al.Operating characteristics and state evaluation methods for insulated tubular busbar[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(12):4088-4095.
[11]张亮,李军浩,谭家勇,等.绝缘铜管母线接头处沿面局部放电特性研究[J].高压电器,2013,49(11):94-98.ZHANG Liang, LI Junhao, TAN Jiayong,et al. Characteristics of surface partial discharge on joint of insulated copper busbar[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2013, 49(11):94-98.
[12]邱太洪,王俊波,李国伟,等.局放检测技术在10 kV管型母线故障检测中的应用[J].绝缘材料,2015,48(4):69-72.QIU Taihong, WANG Junbo, Li Guowei, et al. Application of partial discharge detection technology in fault detection of 10 kV tubular busbar[J]. Insulating Materials, 2015,48(4):69-72.
[13]常文治,李成榕,苏錡,等.电缆接头尖刺缺陷局部放电发展过程的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(7):192-201.CHANG Wenzhi, LI Chengrong, SU Qi,et al. Study on development of partial discharges at the defect caused by a needle damage to a cable joint[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(7):192-201.
[14] CHAMPION J, DODD S, STEVENS G. Analysis and modeling of electric tree growth in synthetic resins over a wide range of stressing voltage[J]. Journal of Physics D-Applied Physics, 2007,33(12):14-18.
[15]陈向荣,徐阳,徐杰,等.工频电压下110kVXLPE电缆电树枝生长及局放特性[J].高电压技术,2010,36(10):2436-2443.CHEN Xiangrong, XU Yang, XU Jie, et al. Propagation and partial discharge characteristics of electrical trees in110 kV XLPE cable insulation at power frequency applied voltage[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2010, 36(10):2436-2443.
[16] KINGERY W D, BOWEN H K, UHLMANN D R. Introduction to ceramics[M]. 2nd ed.Wiley International Science, 1976.
[17]金维芳.电介质物理学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1997.JIN Weifang. Dielectric physics[M]. Beijing:China Machine Press, 1997.
[18] XIE A S, ZHENG X Q, LI S T, et al. Investigations of electrical Trees in the inner layer of XLPE cable insulation using computer-aided image recording monitoring[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2010,17(3):685-693.
[19]周利军,成睿,江俊飞,等.局部气压对交联聚乙烯电缆电树枝生长特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2015,41(8):2650-2656.ZHOU Lijun, CHENG Rui, JIANG Junfei, et al. Influence of partial air pressure on the growth characteristics of electrical tress in XLPE cable[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2015,41(8); 2650-2656.
[20]陶文彪,朱光亚,宋述勇,等.交联聚乙烯中丛状电树枝的生长机制[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(13):4004-4012.TAO Wenbiao, ZHU Guangya, SONG Shuyong, et al. The growth mechanism of brush-type electrical tree in XLPE[J].Proceedings of the CSEE, 2018, 38(13):4004-4012.
[21]严家明,廖瑞金.利用局部放电相位分布分析油浸绝缘纸损伤[J].高电压技术,2010,36(10):2488-2493.YAN Jiaming, LIAO Ruijin. Analysis of damage on oil-impregnated insulation paper using phase distribution of par-tial discharge[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2010, 36(10):2488-2493.
[22]任双赞,吴经锋,杨传凯,等.加速老化下油纸绝缘气隙缺陷模型放电的特征演化与参量表征研究[J].高压电器,2018,54(11):213-219.REN Shuangzan, WU Jingfeng, YANG Chuankai, et al.Evolutional behavior and parameters characterization of partial discharge from a cavity defect in oil/paper insulation under aging conditions[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2018,54(11):213-219.