缬氨酸在断奶仔猪应用上的研究进展
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摘要
仔猪早期断奶会引起采食量降低、腹泻、生长发育迟缓等问题。添加微量元素、氨基酸以及维生素等营养物质,应用酸化剂、酶制剂以及益生素等饲料添加剂和改善饲养管理均可从一定程度缓解仔猪断奶应激。缬氨酸作为三大支链氨基酸之一,具有氧化供能、促进蛋白质合成、促进糖异生等生理功能,可提高断奶仔猪成活率,促进断奶仔猪生长发育,提高其肠道免疫机能。文章通过对缬氨酸在断奶仔猪上的应用进行综述,主要介绍缬氨酸对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫系统以及肠道形态的影响,并综述其营养调控机制,为缬氨酸在断奶仔猪上的应用提供理论支持。
Early weaning of piglets can cause problems such as reduced feed intake, diarrhea, and retarded growth. Adding trace elements, amino acids and vitamins and other nutrients, applying feed additives such as acidifiers, enzyme preparations and probiotics, and improving feeding and management can relieve weaning stress of piglets to some extent.Valine, one of the three major branched-chain amino acids, has the physiological functions of oxidative energy supply, protein synthesis, and gluconeogenesis. It can increase the survival rate of weaned piglets, promote the growth and development of weaned piglets, and improve the intestinal immune function. This article reviews application of valine in weaned piglets, mainly introduces the effects of valine on growth performance, immune system and intestinal morphology of weaned piglets, and reviews the nutritional regulation mechanism for valine on weaned piglets. The application provides theoretical support.
Early weaning of piglets can cause problems such as reduced feed intake, diarrhea, and retarded growth. Adding trace elements, amino acids and vitamins and other nutrients, applying feed additives such as acidifiers, enzyme preparations and probiotics, and improving feeding and management can relieve weaning stress of piglets to some extent.Valine, one of the three major branched-chain amino acids, has the physiological functions of oxidative energy supply, protein synthesis, and gluconeogenesis. It can increase the survival rate of weaned piglets, promote the growth and development of weaned piglets, and improve the intestinal immune function. This article reviews application of valine in weaned piglets, mainly introduces the effects of valine on growth performance, immune system and intestinal morphology of weaned piglets, and reviews the nutritional regulation mechanism for valine on weaned piglets. The application provides theoretical support.
引文
[1] 彭凯,吴薇,龙蕾,等.断奶仔猪的腹泻研究进展[J].饲料研究,2015(13):10-15,21.
[2] ZHENG L F,ZUO F R,ZHAO S J, et al. Dietary supplementation of branched-chain amino acids increases muscle net amino acid fluxes through elevating their substrate availability and intramuscular catabolism in young pigs[J]. Br J Nutr,2017, 117(7):911-922.
[3] LI Y H, LI F N, DUAN Y H, et al. The protein and energy metabolic response of skeletal muscle to the low-protein diets in growing pigs[J]. J Agric Food Chem, 2017, 65 (39):8544-8551.
[4] 陈熠,彭艺,贺建华,等. 日粮中添加缬氨酸对泌乳母猪生产性能及其仔猪生长性能的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2009,21(5): 727-733.
[5] TOKACH M D, GOODBAND R D, NELSSEN J L, et al. Valine – a deficient amino acid in high lysine diets for the lactating sow[J]. J Anim Sci, 1993, 71 (Suppl 1): 68.
[6] 任曼. 支链氨基酸调控仔猪肠道防御素表达和免疫屏障功能的研究[D]. 北京:中国农业大学, 2014.
[7] BLAABJERG K, NORGAARD J V, NIELSEN B, et al. Transport of valine across the small intestinal epithelium in pigs fed different valine levels and Bacillus subtilis[J]. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr(Berl),2018,102(2):e856-e863.
[8] 郑春田,李德发. 支链氨基酸营养研究进展[J].中国饲料,1999(7):6-7.
[9] 袁丹丹.L-缬氨酸产生菌的选育及其发酵条件的调控[D].无锡:江南大学,2010.
[10] 李凯年,孟丹,孟昱.缬氨酸:猪禽日粮中的下一个限制性氨基酸[J].饲料广角,2011(4):38-39.
[11] 邵继智. 支链氨基酸的生化与营养[J].氨基酸杂志,1990(2):22,23-35.
[12] 冉学光,胡友军,赖水彬.缬氨酸在畜禽和水产生产中的研究进展[J].广州化工,2014,42(21):29-32.
[13] 董晓慧. 支链氨基酸营养作用与拮抗[J].饲料博览,1999(10):17-18.
[14] NORGAARD J V,杨林,刘小龙.在5～8周龄仔猪日粮中添加异亮氨酸和缬氨酸减少粗蛋白使用的研究[J].广东饲料,2009,18(12):36-39.
[15] 徐琪寿.氨基酸药理学研究进展[J].氨基酸和生物资源,1996(1):30-32,48.
[16] ZHANG S H, ZENG X F, REN M, et al. Novel metabolic and physiological functions of branched chain amino acids: a review[J]. J Anim Sci Biotechnol, 2017, 8:10.
[17] 张洁,周昌健,谢建伟,等.大黄酸-缬氨酸加合物的合成及初步抗肿瘤活性[J].高等学校化学学报,2016,37(12):2159-2167.
[18] 刘绪同,曾祥芳,贾红敏,等.日粮标准回肠可消化缬氨酸与赖氨酸比对仔猪采食量调控的影响机制[C]//陈焕春.第七届中国畜牧科技论坛论文集.北京:中国农业出版社,2016:122-131.
[19] 黄红英,贺建华,范志勇,等.添加缬氨酸和异亮氨酸对哺乳母猪及其仔猪生产性能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2008,20(3):281-287.
[20] RICHERT B T, TOKACH M D, GOODBAND R D, et al. Valine requirement of the high-producing lactating sow[J]. J Anim Sci, 1996, 74(6): 66-82.
[21] MEYER F, JANSEN VAN RENSBURG C, GOUS R M. The response of weaned piglets to dietary valine and leucine[J]. Animal, 2017, 11(8): 1279-1286.
[22] XU Y T, ZENG Z K, XU X, et al. Effects of the standardized ileal digestible valine: lysine ratio on performance, milk composition and plasma indices of lactating sows[J]. Anim Sci J, 2017,88(8): 1082-1092.
[23] HUANG Z, TAN X H, ZHOU C P, et al. Effect of dietary valine levels on the growth performance, feed utilization and immune function of juvenile golden pompano, Trachinotus ovatus[J]. Aquacult Nutr, 2018,24(1):74-82.
[24] 徐银龙,邹新华,邢孔萍.缬氨酸在养猪生产中的应用[J].猪业科学,2016(12):74-77.
[25] 黄红英.添加缬氨酸和异亮氨酸对哺乳母猪繁殖性能及其哺乳仔猪的影响[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2008.
[26] NAKAMURA I. Impairment of innate immune responses in cirrhotic patients and treatment by branched-chain amino acids[J]. World J Gastroenterol,2014,20(23): 7298-7305.
[27] REN M, ZHANG S, ZENG X, et al. Branched-chain amino acids are beneficial to maintain growth performance and intestinal immune-related function in weaned piglets fed protein restricted diet[J]. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci, 2015,28(12): 1742-1750.
[28] XIAO W, CHEN P, LIU X, et al. The impaired function of macrophages induced by strenuous exercise could not be ameliorated by BCAA supplementation[J]. Nutrients, 2015,7(10):8645-8656.
[29] 刘志伟,李东,杨永平,等.断奶应激对仔猪的影响及防控措施[J].猪业科学,2017(11):138-140.
[30] ZHOU H, YU B, GAO J, et al. Regulation of intestinal health by branched-chain amino acids[J]. Anim Sci J, 2018, 89(1): 3-11.
[31] 董国忠,EGAN A R,SAINZ R D.亮氨酸和缬氨酸在绵羊骨骼肌和肾组织中的分解代谢[J].畜牧兽医学报,1992,23(2):102-106.
[32] 吴锡铭,缪鹤章,周晴.缬氨酸对肝昏迷兔血浆支链α-酮酸的影响[J].中国现代应用药学,1994(4):11-14.
[33] 陈萍,梁霞.枫糖尿病一例[J].中国新生儿科杂志,2014,29(2):101.
[34] LANGER S, SCISLOWSKI P W, BROWN D S, et al. Interactions among the branched-chain amino acids and their effects on methionine utilization in growing pigs: effects on plasma amino- and keto-acid concentrations and branched-chain keto-acid dehydrogenase activity[J]. Br J Nutr, 2000, 83(1): 49-58.
[35] BARTEK T, ZONNCHEN E, KLEIN B, et al. Analysing overexpression of L -valine biosynthesis genes in pyruvate-dehydrogenase-deficient Corynebacterium glutamicum[J]. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol, 2010, 37 (3):263-270.
[2] ZHENG L F,ZUO F R,ZHAO S J, et al. Dietary supplementation of branched-chain amino acids increases muscle net amino acid fluxes through elevating their substrate availability and intramuscular catabolism in young pigs[J]. Br J Nutr,2017, 117(7):911-922.
[3] LI Y H, LI F N, DUAN Y H, et al. The protein and energy metabolic response of skeletal muscle to the low-protein diets in growing pigs[J]. J Agric Food Chem, 2017, 65 (39):8544-8551.
[4] 陈熠,彭艺,贺建华,等. 日粮中添加缬氨酸对泌乳母猪生产性能及其仔猪生长性能的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2009,21(5): 727-733.
[5] TOKACH M D, GOODBAND R D, NELSSEN J L, et al. Valine – a deficient amino acid in high lysine diets for the lactating sow[J]. J Anim Sci, 1993, 71 (Suppl 1): 68.
[6] 任曼. 支链氨基酸调控仔猪肠道防御素表达和免疫屏障功能的研究[D]. 北京:中国农业大学, 2014.
[7] BLAABJERG K, NORGAARD J V, NIELSEN B, et al. Transport of valine across the small intestinal epithelium in pigs fed different valine levels and Bacillus subtilis[J]. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr(Berl),2018,102(2):e856-e863.
[8] 郑春田,李德发. 支链氨基酸营养研究进展[J].中国饲料,1999(7):6-7.
[9] 袁丹丹.L-缬氨酸产生菌的选育及其发酵条件的调控[D].无锡:江南大学,2010.
[10] 李凯年,孟丹,孟昱.缬氨酸:猪禽日粮中的下一个限制性氨基酸[J].饲料广角,2011(4):38-39.
[11] 邵继智. 支链氨基酸的生化与营养[J].氨基酸杂志,1990(2):22,23-35.
[12] 冉学光,胡友军,赖水彬.缬氨酸在畜禽和水产生产中的研究进展[J].广州化工,2014,42(21):29-32.
[13] 董晓慧. 支链氨基酸营养作用与拮抗[J].饲料博览,1999(10):17-18.
[14] NORGAARD J V,杨林,刘小龙.在5～8周龄仔猪日粮中添加异亮氨酸和缬氨酸减少粗蛋白使用的研究[J].广东饲料,2009,18(12):36-39.
[15] 徐琪寿.氨基酸药理学研究进展[J].氨基酸和生物资源,1996(1):30-32,48.
[16] ZHANG S H, ZENG X F, REN M, et al. Novel metabolic and physiological functions of branched chain amino acids: a review[J]. J Anim Sci Biotechnol, 2017, 8:10.
[17] 张洁,周昌健,谢建伟,等.大黄酸-缬氨酸加合物的合成及初步抗肿瘤活性[J].高等学校化学学报,2016,37(12):2159-2167.
[18] 刘绪同,曾祥芳,贾红敏,等.日粮标准回肠可消化缬氨酸与赖氨酸比对仔猪采食量调控的影响机制[C]//陈焕春.第七届中国畜牧科技论坛论文集.北京:中国农业出版社,2016:122-131.
[19] 黄红英,贺建华,范志勇,等.添加缬氨酸和异亮氨酸对哺乳母猪及其仔猪生产性能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2008,20(3):281-287.
[20] RICHERT B T, TOKACH M D, GOODBAND R D, et al. Valine requirement of the high-producing lactating sow[J]. J Anim Sci, 1996, 74(6): 66-82.
[21] MEYER F, JANSEN VAN RENSBURG C, GOUS R M. The response of weaned piglets to dietary valine and leucine[J]. Animal, 2017, 11(8): 1279-1286.
[22] XU Y T, ZENG Z K, XU X, et al. Effects of the standardized ileal digestible valine: lysine ratio on performance, milk composition and plasma indices of lactating sows[J]. Anim Sci J, 2017,88(8): 1082-1092.
[23] HUANG Z, TAN X H, ZHOU C P, et al. Effect of dietary valine levels on the growth performance, feed utilization and immune function of juvenile golden pompano, Trachinotus ovatus[J]. Aquacult Nutr, 2018,24(1):74-82.
[24] 徐银龙,邹新华,邢孔萍.缬氨酸在养猪生产中的应用[J].猪业科学,2016(12):74-77.
[25] 黄红英.添加缬氨酸和异亮氨酸对哺乳母猪繁殖性能及其哺乳仔猪的影响[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2008.
[26] NAKAMURA I. Impairment of innate immune responses in cirrhotic patients and treatment by branched-chain amino acids[J]. World J Gastroenterol,2014,20(23): 7298-7305.
[27] REN M, ZHANG S, ZENG X, et al. Branched-chain amino acids are beneficial to maintain growth performance and intestinal immune-related function in weaned piglets fed protein restricted diet[J]. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci, 2015,28(12): 1742-1750.
[28] XIAO W, CHEN P, LIU X, et al. The impaired function of macrophages induced by strenuous exercise could not be ameliorated by BCAA supplementation[J]. Nutrients, 2015,7(10):8645-8656.
[29] 刘志伟,李东,杨永平,等.断奶应激对仔猪的影响及防控措施[J].猪业科学,2017(11):138-140.
[30] ZHOU H, YU B, GAO J, et al. Regulation of intestinal health by branched-chain amino acids[J]. Anim Sci J, 2018, 89(1): 3-11.
[31] 董国忠,EGAN A R,SAINZ R D.亮氨酸和缬氨酸在绵羊骨骼肌和肾组织中的分解代谢[J].畜牧兽医学报,1992,23(2):102-106.
[32] 吴锡铭,缪鹤章,周晴.缬氨酸对肝昏迷兔血浆支链α-酮酸的影响[J].中国现代应用药学,1994(4):11-14.
[33] 陈萍,梁霞.枫糖尿病一例[J].中国新生儿科杂志,2014,29(2):101.
[34] LANGER S, SCISLOWSKI P W, BROWN D S, et al. Interactions among the branched-chain amino acids and their effects on methionine utilization in growing pigs: effects on plasma amino- and keto-acid concentrations and branched-chain keto-acid dehydrogenase activity[J]. Br J Nutr, 2000, 83(1): 49-58.
[35] BARTEK T, ZONNCHEN E, KLEIN B, et al. Analysing overexpression of L -valine biosynthesis genes in pyruvate-dehydrogenase-deficient Corynebacterium glutamicum[J]. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol, 2010, 37 (3):263-270.