模拟增温及分解界面对茭草凋落物分解速率及叶际微生物结构和功能的影响
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摘要
挺水植物的凋落物是湿地生态系统物质循环的重要组成部分,阐明气候变暖以及生境差异对湿地挺水植物凋落物分解过程及叶际微生物的影响对揭示湿地生态系统关键物质循环过程具有重要意义。该研究以滇西北高原典型湿地优势挺水植物茭草(Zizania latifolia)为研究对象,采用凋落物袋法研究了茭草在模拟增温(1.5–2.0℃)及不同生境(大气界面、水界面与土界面)下的质量残留率和叶际微生物数量、结构组成与功能代谢特征。研究发现:模拟气候变暖及生境差异均显著影响凋落物的分解速率。经过一年的分解,凋落物在模拟增温环境下的质量残留率为66.4%,对照组的质量残留率为77.7%,增温组分解常数(k)值是对照组的1.64倍,而凋落物在水界面与土界面的质量残留率为42.2%和25.3%,其k值分别为大气界面的3.63和5.25倍,生境差异是影响湿地挺水植物凋落物分解速率的关键因素。模拟增温主要改变了凋落物叶际微生物的群落组成特征,而生境变化主要影响叶际微生物的绝对数量、微生物多样性、群落结构组成以及功能代谢活性。处于土界面的凋落物叶际微生物具有最高的群落功能代谢活性及醇类碳源利用程度。不同处理之间的植物叶际微生物特征与凋落物分解速率具有较好的一致性,为揭示湿地植物凋落物分解快慢的微生物驱动机制提供了重要的理论依据。
Aims Litters of emergent plants are important components of material cycling in wetland ecosystems. To clarify the effects of climate warming and habitat difference on the litter decomposition processes and phyllospheric microorganisms of wetland emergent plants is of great significance for revealing the key material cycling processes in wetland ecosystems.Methods Zizania latifolia, a dominant emergent plant in typical wetlands of Northwestern Yunnan Plateau, was chosen for this study. Using litter bag methods, we studied mass remaining and the abundance, community structure and metabolic potential of phyllospheric microorganisms of the litter from Zizania latifolia under simulated warming(1.5–2.0 ℃) and under three habitats(air, water and soil interface).Important findings Simulated climatic warming and habitat difference significantly affected the litter decomposition rate. After one-year decomposition, the mass remaining of litter was 66.4% under the simulated warming treatment, while 77.7% under the control treatment. The decomposition constant(k) value was 1.64 times under warming compared to the control. The mass remaining of litter at the water and soil interface was 42.2% and25.3%, and the k value at the water and soil interface was 3.63 and 5.25 times of that at the air interface respectively. These results indicate that habitat difference was the key factor controlling the decomposition of emergent plant litter in wetlands. Moreover, warming mainly changed the community composition of litter phyllospheric microorganisms, while decomposition interface mainly affected the abundance, community structure and metabolic potential of phyllospheric microorganisms. Notably, phyllospheric microorganisms of litter at soil interface had the highest metabolic potential and utilized alcohols as main carbon sources. The characteristics of phyllospheric microorganisms between different treatments were in good agreement with litter decomposition rate,which provides an important theoretical basis for revealing the microbial mechanisms driving the decomposition of wetland plant litter.
Aims Litters of emergent plants are important components of material cycling in wetland ecosystems. To clarify the effects of climate warming and habitat difference on the litter decomposition processes and phyllospheric microorganisms of wetland emergent plants is of great significance for revealing the key material cycling processes in wetland ecosystems.Methods Zizania latifolia, a dominant emergent plant in typical wetlands of Northwestern Yunnan Plateau, was chosen for this study. Using litter bag methods, we studied mass remaining and the abundance, community structure and metabolic potential of phyllospheric microorganisms of the litter from Zizania latifolia under simulated warming(1.5–2.0 ℃) and under three habitats(air, water and soil interface).Important findings Simulated climatic warming and habitat difference significantly affected the litter decomposition rate. After one-year decomposition, the mass remaining of litter was 66.4% under the simulated warming treatment, while 77.7% under the control treatment. The decomposition constant(k) value was 1.64 times under warming compared to the control. The mass remaining of litter at the water and soil interface was 42.2% and25.3%, and the k value at the water and soil interface was 3.63 and 5.25 times of that at the air interface respectively. These results indicate that habitat difference was the key factor controlling the decomposition of emergent plant litter in wetlands. Moreover, warming mainly changed the community composition of litter phyllospheric microorganisms, while decomposition interface mainly affected the abundance, community structure and metabolic potential of phyllospheric microorganisms. Notably, phyllospheric microorganisms of litter at soil interface had the highest metabolic potential and utilized alcohols as main carbon sources. The characteristics of phyllospheric microorganisms between different treatments were in good agreement with litter decomposition rate,which provides an important theoretical basis for revealing the microbial mechanisms driving the decomposition of wetland plant litter.
引文
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Kurten GL,Barkoh A(2016).Evaluation of community-level physiological profiling for monitoring microbial community function in aquaculture ponds.North American Journal of Aquaculture,78,34-44.
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Moghadam FS,Zimmer M(2014).Effects of warming and nutrient enrichment on how grazing pressure affects leaf litter-colonizing bacteria.Journal of Environment Quality,43,851-858.
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Ni XY,Yang WQ,Li H,Xu LY,He J,Tan B,Wu FZ(2017).The responses of early foliar litter humification to reduced snow cover during winter in an alpine forest.Canadian Journal of Science,94,453-461.
Parker TC,Sanderman J,Holden RD,Blume-Werry G,Sjogersten S,Large D,Castro-Diaz M,Street LE,Subke JA,Wookey PA(2018).Exploring drivers of litter decomposition in a greening Arctic:Results from a transplant experiment across a tree-line.Ecology,99,2284-2294.
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