居住区环境与噪音污染对居民心理健康的影响——以北京为例
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摘要
心理健康作为当代城市居民面临的主要问题之一,已有研究证实居住区建成环境和社会环境对心理健康的影响。然而,此类研究主要聚焦于西方发达国家,而且对于噪音污染因素考虑不足,未能同时研究居住区环境和噪音污染对居民心理健康的影响。论文基于2017年北京市26个居住区居民的健康问卷调查数据,采用多层Logistic模型,探讨居住区环境(包括建成环境及社会环境)与居民感知的多种来源的噪音污染(包括道路交通噪音、轨道交通噪音、商店餐饮噪音和住房装修噪音)等多种因素与居民心理健康的相关关系。研究发现,居住区环境和噪音污染水平均与居民心理健康显著相关。与西方发达国家居住区环境与心理健康关系的研究类似,论文发现居住区医疗设施和休闲娱乐设施可达性、居民邻里关系、居住区满意度等因素与心理健康显著相关;不同的是,论文发现公园可达性、居住区交通噪音等因素与心理健康相关性不显著。此外,本文发现住房装修噪音是影响北京居民心理健康的主要噪音来源。
Mental health has become one of the main health challenges that urban residents are facing in today's society. Previous research has proven that neighborhood built and social environments can influence mental health. However, related research was mainly focused on Western developed countries. Furthermore, previous research paid little attention to noise pollution and failed to consider the influences of neighborhood environment and noise pollution together. This may be one of the reasons that the results of previous research are inconsistent.Based on the health survey data of urban residents conducted in 2017 in 26 communities in Beijing, this study used a multilevel Logistic model to investigate the relationships between neighborhood environment(including built environment and social environment) and perceived noise pollution from various sources(including road traffic noise, railway and subway noise, store and restaurant noise, and housing renovation noise) and residents' mental health. The results show that residents' mental health is significantly affected by both the neighborhood environment and noise pollution level. As for neighborhood built environment, distance to main roads, which indicates traffic volume, as well as accessibility to health services and sports and recreational facilities, are significantly correlated with mental health. However, distance to public parks shows no significant relationship with residents' mental health. According to previous research, accessibility to parks is not equal to the actual use of them, and the latter relates to mental health more directly. In terms of neighborhood social environment,consistent with previous research, the number of greeting neighbors is positively correlated with mental health.Besides, neighborhood satisfaction also shows positive and significant association with mental health. The result suggests that it is necessary to promote community belongingness, neighborhood satisfaction, and social networks of residents through a variety of community activities and campaigns, in order to maintain mental health. Perception of trust and safety of neighborhoods show no significant association with mental health.Finally, housing renovation noise shows significant relationship with mental health, while other noise sources like road traffic, railways and subways, and stores and restaurants show no significant association with mental health. This result indicates that housing renovation noise has become the main source of noise affecting the mental health of Beijing residents, and it also reflects the rapid urban transition and large-scale mobility that happened in Beijing. Compared with previous research, this study combined neighborhood built and social environments as well as different sources of noise pollution to give a more comprehensive understanding on their influences on residents' mental health. This article also tried to explain the results in the context of rapid urban transition in China and to enrich the research findings for developing countries. However, there are still many areas in which more research is needed.
Mental health has become one of the main health challenges that urban residents are facing in today's society. Previous research has proven that neighborhood built and social environments can influence mental health. However, related research was mainly focused on Western developed countries. Furthermore, previous research paid little attention to noise pollution and failed to consider the influences of neighborhood environment and noise pollution together. This may be one of the reasons that the results of previous research are inconsistent.Based on the health survey data of urban residents conducted in 2017 in 26 communities in Beijing, this study used a multilevel Logistic model to investigate the relationships between neighborhood environment(including built environment and social environment) and perceived noise pollution from various sources(including road traffic noise, railway and subway noise, store and restaurant noise, and housing renovation noise) and residents' mental health. The results show that residents' mental health is significantly affected by both the neighborhood environment and noise pollution level. As for neighborhood built environment, distance to main roads, which indicates traffic volume, as well as accessibility to health services and sports and recreational facilities, are significantly correlated with mental health. However, distance to public parks shows no significant relationship with residents' mental health. According to previous research, accessibility to parks is not equal to the actual use of them, and the latter relates to mental health more directly. In terms of neighborhood social environment,consistent with previous research, the number of greeting neighbors is positively correlated with mental health.Besides, neighborhood satisfaction also shows positive and significant association with mental health. The result suggests that it is necessary to promote community belongingness, neighborhood satisfaction, and social networks of residents through a variety of community activities and campaigns, in order to maintain mental health. Perception of trust and safety of neighborhoods show no significant association with mental health.Finally, housing renovation noise shows significant relationship with mental health, while other noise sources like road traffic, railways and subways, and stores and restaurants show no significant association with mental health. This result indicates that housing renovation noise has become the main source of noise affecting the mental health of Beijing residents, and it also reflects the rapid urban transition and large-scale mobility that happened in Beijing. Compared with previous research, this study combined neighborhood built and social environments as well as different sources of noise pollution to give a more comprehensive understanding on their influences on residents' mental health. This article also tried to explain the results in the context of rapid urban transition in China and to enrich the research findings for developing countries. However, there are still many areas in which more research is needed.
引文
刘晓霞,邹小华,王兴中.2012.国外健康地理学研究进展[J].人文地理,27(3):23-27.[Liu X X,Zou X H,Wang XZ.2012.Progress of health geography in western countries.Human Geography,27(3):23-27.]
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周素红,何嘉明.2017.郊区化背景下居民健身活动时空约束对心理健康影响:以广州为例[J].地理科学进展,36(10):1229-1238.[Zhou S H,He J M.2017.Effects of spatial-temporal constraints of suburban residents on fitness activities to mental health in the context of rapid suburbanization:A case study in Guangzhou,China.Progress in Geography,36(10):1229-1238.]
Araya R,Dunstan F,Playle R,et al.2006.Perceptions of social capital and the built environment and mental health[J].Social Science&Medicine,62:3072-3083.
Arcaya M C,Tucker-Seeley R D,Kim R,et al.2016.Research on neighborhood effects on health in the United States:Asystematic review of study characteristics[J].Social Science&Medicine,168:16-29.
Basner M,Mcguire S.2018.WHO environmental noise guidelines for the European region:A systematic review on environmental noise and effects on sleep[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,15(3):519.
Bassett E,Moore S.2013.Social capital and depressive symptoms:The association of psychosocial and network dimensions of social capital with depressive symptoms in Montreal,Canada[J].Social Science&Medicine,86:96-102.
Beutel M E,Jünger C,Klein E M,et al.2016.Noise annoyance is associated with depression and anxiety in the general population:The contribution of aircraft noise[J].PLoSOne,11(5).doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0155357.
Chen J,Chen S.2015.Mental health effects of perceived living environment and neighborhood safety in urbanizing China[J].Habitat International,46:101-110.
de Vries S,Van Dillen S M,Groenewegen P P,et al.2013.Streetscape greenery and health:Stress,social cohesion and physical activity as mediators[J].Social Science&Medicine,94:26-33.
Dong H,Qin B.2017.Exploring the link between neighborhood environment and mental wellbeing:A case study in Beijing,China[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,164:71-80.
Firdaus G,Ahmad A.2014.Temporal variation in risk factors and prevalence rate of depression in urban population:Does the urban environment play a significant role?[J].International Journal of Mental Health Promotion,16(5):279-288.
Francis J,Wood L J,Knuiman M,et al.2012.Quality or quantity?Exploring the relationship between public open space attributes and mental health in Perth,western Australia[J].Social Science&Medicine,74:1570-1577.
Generaal E,Timmermans E J,Dekkers J E C,et al.2018.Not urbanization level but socioeconomic,physical and social neighborhood characteristics are associated with presence and severity of depressive and anxiety disorders[J].Psychological Medicine,49(1):149-161.
Gilbert K L,Quinn S C,Goodman R M,et al.2013.A metaanalysis of social capital and health:A case for needed research[J].Journal of Health Psychology,18(11):1385-1399.
Gong Y,Palmer S,Gallacher J,et al.2016.A systematic review of the relationship between objective measurements of the urban environment and psychological distress[J].Environment International,96:48-57.
Gu L,Xie J J,Long J X,et al.2013.Epidemiology of major depressive disorder in mainland China:A systematic review[J].PLoS One,8(6).doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0065356.
Guski R,Schreckenberg D,Schuemer R.2017.WHO environmental noise guidelines for the European region:A systematic review on environmental noise and annoyance[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,14,doi:10.3390/ijerph14101252.
Leslie E,Cerin E.2008.Are perceptions of the local environment related to neighborhood satisfaction and mental health in adults?[J].Preventive Medicine,47(3):273-278.
Liu Z,Wang Y,Tao R.2013.Social capital and migrant housing experiences in urban China:A structural equation modeling analysis[J].Housing Studies,28(8):1155-1174.
Ma J,Li C J,Kwan M-P,et al.2018.A multilevel analysis of perceived noise pollution,geographic contexts and mental health in Beijing[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,15.doi:10.3390/ijerph15071479.
Ma J,Mitchell G,Dong G,et al.2017.Inequality in Beijing:Aspatial multilevel analysis of perceived environmental hazard and self-rated health[J].Annals of the American Association of Geographers,107(1):109-129.
Melis G,Gelormino E,Marra G,et al.2015.The effects of the urban built environment on mental health:A cohort study in a large northern Italian city[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,12(11):14898-14915.
Meyer O L,Castro-Schilo L,Aguilar-Gaxiola S.2014.Determinants of mental health and self-rated health:A model of socioeconomic status,neighborhood safety,and physical activity[J].American Journal of Public Health,104(9):1734-1741.
Moore T H M,Kesten J M,Lopez-Lopez J A,et al.2018.The effects of changes to the built environment on the mental health and well-being of adults:Systematic review[J].Health&Place,53:237-257.
Phillips D R,Siu O-L,Yeh A G,et al.2005.The impacts of dwelling conditions on older persons'psychological wellbeing in Hong Kong:The mediating role of residential satisfaction[J].Social Science&Medicine,60(12):2785-2797.
Putrik P,De Vries N K,Mujakovic S,et al.2015.Living environment matters:Relationships between neighborhood characteristics and health of the residents in a Dutch municipality[J].Journal of Community Health,40(1):47-56.
Roux A V D,Mair C.2010.Neighborhoods and health[J].Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,1186(1):125-145.
Ruijsbroek A,Mohnen S M,Droomers M,et al.2017.Neighborhood green space,social environment and mental health:An examination in four European cities[J].International Journal of Public Health,62(6):657-667.
Sugiyama T,Carver A,Koohsari M J,et al.2018.Advantages of public green spaces in enhancing population health[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,178:12-17.
Wen M,Hawkley L C,Cacioppo J T.2006.Objective and perceived neighborhood environment,individual SES and psychosocial factors,and self-rated health:An analysis of older adults in Cook County,Illinois[J].Social Science&Medicine,63:2575-2590.
Wilson-Genderson M,Pruchno R.2013.Effects of neighbor-hood violence and perceptions of neighborhood safety ondepressive symptoms of older adults[J].Social Science&Medicine,85:43-49.
Yang G,Wang Y,Zeng Y,et al.2013.Rapid health transition in China,1990-2010:Findings from the global burden of disease study 2010[J].The Lancet,381:1987-2015.
王兰,廖舒文,赵晓菁.2016.健康城市规划路径与要素辨析[J].国际城市规划,31(4):4-9.[Wang L,Liao S W,Zhao X J.2016.Exploration of approaches and factors of healthy city planning.Urban Planning International,31(4):4-9.]
周素红,何嘉明.2017.郊区化背景下居民健身活动时空约束对心理健康影响:以广州为例[J].地理科学进展,36(10):1229-1238.[Zhou S H,He J M.2017.Effects of spatial-temporal constraints of suburban residents on fitness activities to mental health in the context of rapid suburbanization:A case study in Guangzhou,China.Progress in Geography,36(10):1229-1238.]
Araya R,Dunstan F,Playle R,et al.2006.Perceptions of social capital and the built environment and mental health[J].Social Science&Medicine,62:3072-3083.
Arcaya M C,Tucker-Seeley R D,Kim R,et al.2016.Research on neighborhood effects on health in the United States:Asystematic review of study characteristics[J].Social Science&Medicine,168:16-29.
Basner M,Mcguire S.2018.WHO environmental noise guidelines for the European region:A systematic review on environmental noise and effects on sleep[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,15(3):519.
Bassett E,Moore S.2013.Social capital and depressive symptoms:The association of psychosocial and network dimensions of social capital with depressive symptoms in Montreal,Canada[J].Social Science&Medicine,86:96-102.
Beutel M E,Jünger C,Klein E M,et al.2016.Noise annoyance is associated with depression and anxiety in the general population:The contribution of aircraft noise[J].PLoSOne,11(5).doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0155357.
Chen J,Chen S.2015.Mental health effects of perceived living environment and neighborhood safety in urbanizing China[J].Habitat International,46:101-110.
de Vries S,Van Dillen S M,Groenewegen P P,et al.2013.Streetscape greenery and health:Stress,social cohesion and physical activity as mediators[J].Social Science&Medicine,94:26-33.
Dong H,Qin B.2017.Exploring the link between neighborhood environment and mental wellbeing:A case study in Beijing,China[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,164:71-80.
Firdaus G,Ahmad A.2014.Temporal variation in risk factors and prevalence rate of depression in urban population:Does the urban environment play a significant role?[J].International Journal of Mental Health Promotion,16(5):279-288.
Francis J,Wood L J,Knuiman M,et al.2012.Quality or quantity?Exploring the relationship between public open space attributes and mental health in Perth,western Australia[J].Social Science&Medicine,74:1570-1577.
Generaal E,Timmermans E J,Dekkers J E C,et al.2018.Not urbanization level but socioeconomic,physical and social neighborhood characteristics are associated with presence and severity of depressive and anxiety disorders[J].Psychological Medicine,49(1):149-161.
Gilbert K L,Quinn S C,Goodman R M,et al.2013.A metaanalysis of social capital and health:A case for needed research[J].Journal of Health Psychology,18(11):1385-1399.
Gong Y,Palmer S,Gallacher J,et al.2016.A systematic review of the relationship between objective measurements of the urban environment and psychological distress[J].Environment International,96:48-57.
Gu L,Xie J J,Long J X,et al.2013.Epidemiology of major depressive disorder in mainland China:A systematic review[J].PLoS One,8(6).doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0065356.
Guski R,Schreckenberg D,Schuemer R.2017.WHO environmental noise guidelines for the European region:A systematic review on environmental noise and annoyance[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,14,doi:10.3390/ijerph14101252.
Leslie E,Cerin E.2008.Are perceptions of the local environment related to neighborhood satisfaction and mental health in adults?[J].Preventive Medicine,47(3):273-278.
Liu Z,Wang Y,Tao R.2013.Social capital and migrant housing experiences in urban China:A structural equation modeling analysis[J].Housing Studies,28(8):1155-1174.
Ma J,Li C J,Kwan M-P,et al.2018.A multilevel analysis of perceived noise pollution,geographic contexts and mental health in Beijing[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,15.doi:10.3390/ijerph15071479.
Ma J,Mitchell G,Dong G,et al.2017.Inequality in Beijing:Aspatial multilevel analysis of perceived environmental hazard and self-rated health[J].Annals of the American Association of Geographers,107(1):109-129.
Melis G,Gelormino E,Marra G,et al.2015.The effects of the urban built environment on mental health:A cohort study in a large northern Italian city[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,12(11):14898-14915.
Meyer O L,Castro-Schilo L,Aguilar-Gaxiola S.2014.Determinants of mental health and self-rated health:A model of socioeconomic status,neighborhood safety,and physical activity[J].American Journal of Public Health,104(9):1734-1741.
Moore T H M,Kesten J M,Lopez-Lopez J A,et al.2018.The effects of changes to the built environment on the mental health and well-being of adults:Systematic review[J].Health&Place,53:237-257.
Phillips D R,Siu O-L,Yeh A G,et al.2005.The impacts of dwelling conditions on older persons'psychological wellbeing in Hong Kong:The mediating role of residential satisfaction[J].Social Science&Medicine,60(12):2785-2797.
Putrik P,De Vries N K,Mujakovic S,et al.2015.Living environment matters:Relationships between neighborhood characteristics and health of the residents in a Dutch municipality[J].Journal of Community Health,40(1):47-56.
Roux A V D,Mair C.2010.Neighborhoods and health[J].Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,1186(1):125-145.
Ruijsbroek A,Mohnen S M,Droomers M,et al.2017.Neighborhood green space,social environment and mental health:An examination in four European cities[J].International Journal of Public Health,62(6):657-667.
Sugiyama T,Carver A,Koohsari M J,et al.2018.Advantages of public green spaces in enhancing population health[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,178:12-17.
Wen M,Hawkley L C,Cacioppo J T.2006.Objective and perceived neighborhood environment,individual SES and psychosocial factors,and self-rated health:An analysis of older adults in Cook County,Illinois[J].Social Science&Medicine,63:2575-2590.
Wilson-Genderson M,Pruchno R.2013.Effects of neighbor-hood violence and perceptions of neighborhood safety ondepressive symptoms of older adults[J].Social Science&Medicine,85:43-49.
Yang G,Wang Y,Zeng Y,et al.2013.Rapid health transition in China,1990-2010:Findings from the global burden of disease study 2010[J].The Lancet,381:1987-2015.