恒温环境中ZrB_2氧化行为模拟
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摘要
二硼化锆(ZrB_2)是一种应用于高超声速飞行器的新型防热材料,近年来受到广泛关注。本研究根据ZrB_2在不同温度下的氧化产物二氧化锆(ZrO_2)与三氧化二硼(B_2O_3)的微观结构和形貌,改进了原有的ZrB_2氧化唯象模型,研究了ZrB_2的氧化行为,提出了中等温度区间液态B_2O_3的生成、蒸发、填充的动态平衡关系,并考虑了孔隙出口处的B_2O_3蒸气浓度。研究结果表明:改进后的模型能够预测低流速准静态条件下ZrB_2的氧化行为,与加热炉中的样品恒温氧化测试结果吻合良好;孔隙对氧化过程有较大影响,在相同的温度、氧分压下,孔隙率越大,被氧化程度越高;在基材表面存在B_2O_3液态膜的情况下,扩散过程对氧化速率的控制被极大地降低,材料表现出最强的抗氧化性能。
Zirconium diboride(ZrB_2),a thermal protection material for hypersonic vehicle,has received widespread attention in recent years.Here we advance an oxidation model based on oxidation products(ZrO_2and B_2O_3)and their morphology at different temperatures to simulate the oxidation behavior of ZrB_2.This study further establishes the dynamic equilibrium among formation,evaporation and supplement of B_2O_3 whose concentration at ambient was assumed to be nonzero.Research results indicate that the advanced model can predict the oxidation behavior of ZrB_2under quasi-static low flow conditions and the simulation results are consistent with the data obtained from sample suspended in wire heater furnace at constant temperature.The porosity has a great influence on the oxidation process,and at the same temperature and oxygen partial pressure,the larger the porosity,the higher the oxidation degree.The oxidation rate controlled by diffusion in the presence of liquid B_2O_3film laying outer surface of substrate reduces greatly and the material exhibits the strongest oxidation resistance.
Zirconium diboride(ZrB_2),a thermal protection material for hypersonic vehicle,has received widespread attention in recent years.Here we advance an oxidation model based on oxidation products(ZrO_2and B_2O_3)and their morphology at different temperatures to simulate the oxidation behavior of ZrB_2.This study further establishes the dynamic equilibrium among formation,evaporation and supplement of B_2O_3 whose concentration at ambient was assumed to be nonzero.Research results indicate that the advanced model can predict the oxidation behavior of ZrB_2under quasi-static low flow conditions and the simulation results are consistent with the data obtained from sample suspended in wire heater furnace at constant temperature.The porosity has a great influence on the oxidation process,and at the same temperature and oxygen partial pressure,the larger the porosity,the higher the oxidation degree.The oxidation rate controlled by diffusion in the presence of liquid B_2O_3film laying outer surface of substrate reduces greatly and the material exhibits the strongest oxidation resistance.
引文
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[3]LI GANG,HAN WEN-BO,JIANG JIU-XING.Mechanical properties and thermal shock resistance of ZrB2-Si C-AN ultrahigh temperature ceramics.Journal of Synthetic Crystals,2009,38,Special Edition:36-39.
[4]SONG JIAN-RONG,LI JUN-GUO,SHEN QIANG,et al.Thermal shock and oxidation resistances of ZrB2-Zr O2 ceramics.Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society,2008,36(5):663-667.
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[26]LI JIAN-FENG,ZHOU XIA-MING,DING CHUAN-XIAN.Statistical analysis of porosity variations in plasma sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr coatings.Journal of Aeronautical Materials,2000,20(1):33-38.
[27]ZHANG HONG-SONG,WANG FU-CHI,MA ZHUANG,et al.Quantitative analysis of pores in plasma-sprayed ZrO2 coatings.Journal of Materials Engineering,2006,Supplement 1:407-425.
[28]PRATTEN N A.The precise measurement of the density in small samples.Materials Science,1981,16(7):1737-1747.
[29]ZHAO YANG,LIN LI,MA ZHI-YUAN,et al.Establishing TBCrandom pore model based on random media theory.China Surface Engineering,2010,23(2):78-81.
[30]FOX A C,CLYNE T W.Oxygen transport by gas permeation through the zirconia layer in plasma sprayed thermal barrier coating.Surface and Coatings Technology,2004,184(2/3):311-321.
[2]ZHANG GUO-JUN,LIU HAI-TAO,ZOU JI,et al.Chemical reactions in the life cycle of ZrB2 ceramics.Chinese Science Bulletin,2015,60(3):276-286.
[3]LI GANG,HAN WEN-BO,JIANG JIU-XING.Mechanical properties and thermal shock resistance of ZrB2-Si C-AN ultrahigh temperature ceramics.Journal of Synthetic Crystals,2009,38,Special Edition:36-39.
[4]SONG JIAN-RONG,LI JUN-GUO,SHEN QIANG,et al.Thermal shock and oxidation resistances of ZrB2-Zr O2 ceramics.Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society,2008,36(5):663-667.
[5]SONG JIE-GUANG,DU DA-MING,XU MING-HAN,et al.Oxidation behavior of Zr B2-matrix composite materials at high-temperature conditions.Powder Metallurgy Technology,2015,33(5):336-340,364.
[6]ZHOU HAI-JUN,ZHANG XIANG-YU,GAO LE,et al.Ablation properties of Zr B2-SiC ultra-high temperature ceramic coatings.Journal of Inorganic Materials,2013,28(3):256-260.
[7]ZHAO HAI-LEI,WANG JIAN,LI WEN-CHAO.Study on oxidation kinetics of ZrB2-corundum-mullite composite.Naihuo Cailiao,1998,32(6):322-325.
[8]PARTHASARATHY T A,RAPP R A,OPEKA M,et al.A model for the oxidation of ZrB2,HfB2 and TiB2.Acta Materialia,2007,55(17):5999-6010.
[9]PARTHASARATHY T A,RAPP R A,OPEKA M,et al.A model for transitions in oxidation regimes of Zr B2.Materials Science Forum,2008.595-598:823-832.
[10]PARTHASARATHY T A,RAPP R A,OPEKA M,et al.Effects of phase change and oxygen permeability in oxide scales on oxidation kinetics of ZrB2 and HfB2.Journal of the American Ceramic Society,2009,92(5):1079-1086.
[11]BERKOWITZ-MATTUCK J B.High-temperature oxidation III.zirconium and hafnium diborides.Journal of the Electrochemical Society,1966,113(9):908-914.
[12]HU PING,WANG GUO-LIN,WANG ZHI.Oxidation mechanism and resistance of ZrB2-SiC composites.Corrosion Science,2009,51(11):2747-2732.
[13]ANDREEVA A F.Zirconium Diboride Low Resistance Layers.MAM’97-Materials for Advanced Metallization,Poster Session I,1997.
[14]PAGE R J,SHORT R A,HALBACH C R.Evaluation of zirconia,thoria and zirconium diboride for advanced resistojet use.NASACR-112075,1972.
[15]MCCLAINE L A.Thermodynamic and kinetic studies for a refractory materials program,Part III.ASD-TDR-62-204 Part III,1964.
[16]LUTHRA K L.Oxidation of carbon/carbon composites-a theoretical analysis.Carbon,1988,26(2):217-224.
[17]CHASE JR M W.NIST-JANAF Thermochemical Tables 4th Ed..Physical and Chemical Reference Data,Monograph No.9,1998:286,291,1756,1780.
[18]TRIPP W C,GRAHAM H C.Thermogravimetric study of the oxidation of Zr B2 in the temperature range of 800 to 1500℃.Journal of the Electrochemical Society,1971,118(7):1195-1199.
[19]PERRY R H,GREEN D W,MALONEY J O.Perry’s Chemical Engineers’Handbook 7th Ed..New York:McGraw-Hill,1997:570.
[20]BARIN I.Thermochemical data of pure substances.New York:VCH Verlags-gesellschaft,1995:122-124.
[21]JACOBSON N S,CURRY D M.Oxidation microstructure studies of reinforced carbon/carbon.Carbon,2006,44(7):1142-1150.
[22]WELTY J R,RORRER G L,FOSTER D G.Fundamentals of momentum,heat and mass transfer 6th Ed..New York:WILEY,2013,P448.
[23]BIRD R B,STEWART W E,LIGHTFOOT E N.Transport phenomena.New York:John Wiley,2002:526,866.
[24]J.SZEKELY J,EVANS J SOHN W H Y.Gas Solid Reactions.New York:Academic Press,1976:25.
[25]DUFFA G.Ablative Thermal Protection System Modeling.Reston:AIAA,Inc.Press,2012:109.
[26]LI JIAN-FENG,ZHOU XIA-MING,DING CHUAN-XIAN.Statistical analysis of porosity variations in plasma sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr coatings.Journal of Aeronautical Materials,2000,20(1):33-38.
[27]ZHANG HONG-SONG,WANG FU-CHI,MA ZHUANG,et al.Quantitative analysis of pores in plasma-sprayed ZrO2 coatings.Journal of Materials Engineering,2006,Supplement 1:407-425.
[28]PRATTEN N A.The precise measurement of the density in small samples.Materials Science,1981,16(7):1737-1747.
[29]ZHAO YANG,LIN LI,MA ZHI-YUAN,et al.Establishing TBCrandom pore model based on random media theory.China Surface Engineering,2010,23(2):78-81.
[30]FOX A C,CLYNE T W.Oxygen transport by gas permeation through the zirconia layer in plasma sprayed thermal barrier coating.Surface and Coatings Technology,2004,184(2/3):311-321.