太浦河流域土壤重金属污染状况分析及风险评价
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摘要
为了解太浦河流域土壤重金属的含量及风险,采集太浦河流域土壤,对土壤中(Pb、Cd、Zn、Cr、As、Ni、Al、Sb)重金属含量、空间分布、土壤酶活性进行分析,并利用地累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法分别研究了重金属风险。结果表明:该流域内存在严重的Sb、Cd污染,尤其以大型印染厂集中区为突出。地累积指数评价表明:重金属污染程度表现为Sb>Cd,其余6种(Pb、Zn、Cr、As、Ni、Al)并未产生污染;潜在生态危害指数表明在流域内重金属潜在生态危害指数由高到低依次为Sb>Cd>Zn=Cr=Ni=Pb=As。过氧化氢酶活性相较于脲酶、蔗糖酶活性对Sb、Cd的反应更为敏感,低浓度受到抑制,高浓度受到促进作用。本研究为该流域的土壤重金属污染修复提供前提基础。
In order to understand the content and risk of heavy metals in Taipu River Basin, the soils in Taipu River Basin were collected, and the contents, spatial distribution and soil enzyme activities of eight heavy metals(Pb, Cd, Zn, Cr, As, Ni, Al, Sb) in the soil were analyzed, and the heavy metal risks were studied respectively by the ground accumulation index method and the potential ecological hazard index method. The results showed that: there were serious pollutions of Sb and Cd in the basin, especially S_4; evaluation of ground accumulation index showed that the degree sequence of heavy metal pollution was Sb>Cd, while the other six(Pb, Zn, Cr, As, Ni, Al) did not show pollution; the potential risk index indicated that the potential ecological hazard index sequence of the heavy metals in the basin from high to low was Sb>Cd>Zn=Cr=Ni=Pb=As; comparing with the urease and the sucrose activity, the catalase activity was more sensitive to the reaction of Sb and Cd, and it was inhibited at low concentration, promoted at high concentration. This provided a premise basis for remediation of soil heavy metal pollution in the basin.
In order to understand the content and risk of heavy metals in Taipu River Basin, the soils in Taipu River Basin were collected, and the contents, spatial distribution and soil enzyme activities of eight heavy metals(Pb, Cd, Zn, Cr, As, Ni, Al, Sb) in the soil were analyzed, and the heavy metal risks were studied respectively by the ground accumulation index method and the potential ecological hazard index method. The results showed that: there were serious pollutions of Sb and Cd in the basin, especially S_4; evaluation of ground accumulation index showed that the degree sequence of heavy metal pollution was Sb>Cd, while the other six(Pb, Zn, Cr, As, Ni, Al) did not show pollution; the potential risk index indicated that the potential ecological hazard index sequence of the heavy metals in the basin from high to low was Sb>Cd>Zn=Cr=Ni=Pb=As; comparing with the urease and the sucrose activity, the catalase activity was more sensitive to the reaction of Sb and Cd, and it was inhibited at low concentration, promoted at high concentration. This provided a premise basis for remediation of soil heavy metal pollution in the basin.
引文
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[23] 高秀丽,邢维芹,冉永亮,等. 重金属积累对土壤酶活性的影响[J]. 生态毒理学报,2012,7(3):331-336.
[2] 闫兴成,杨晓薇,黄烯茜,等. 太湖主要入湖河口表层沉积物重金属分布特征及风险评价[J]. 生态环境学报,2016,25(9):1515-1521.
[3] 孙晓宇,杨雾晨,唐晓迪,等. 太浦河流域锑污染环境风险评估[J].环境保护科学,2017,43(3):120-124.
[4] 陈春霄,姜霞,战玉柱,等. 太湖表层沉积物中重金属形态分布及其潜在生态风险分析[J]. 中国环境科学,2011,31(11):1842-1848.
[5] 陈春霄,姜霞,郑丙辉,等. 太湖竺山湾沉积物重金属形态分析及风险评价[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2013,36(6):177-182, 194.
[6] 袁旭音,陈骏,季峻峰,等. 太湖沉积物和湖岸土壤的污染元素特征及环境变化效应[J]. 沉积学报,2002,20(3):427-434.
[7] 崔荟萍, 赵桂琴,刘欢. 除草剂对燕麦田土壤脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性的影响[J]. 中国草地学报,2014,36(1):37-43.
[8] 饶远红. 两种化学修复剂对重金属污染土壤酶活性的影响研究[D]. 长沙:湖南大学,2011.
[9] 杨兰芳,曾巧,李海波,等. 紫外分光光度法测定土壤过氧化氢酶活性[J]. 土壤通报,2011,42(1):207-210.
[10] Muller G. Index of geoaceumulation in sediment of the Rhine River[J]. Geojournal, 1969, 2(3): 108-118.
[11] Forstner U, Ahif W, Calmano W, et al. Sediment criteria development contributions from environmental geochemistry to water quality management[DB/OL]. [2017-4-11].http://xueshu. Baidu. com/s? wd=Sediment+criteria+development+contributions+from+environmental+geochemistry+to+water+quality+management&ie=utf-8&tn=SE_baiduxueshu_c1gjeupa).
[12] Hakanson L. An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control.A sediment ological approach[J]. Water Research, 1980,14(8):975-1001.
[13] 徐争启,倪师军,庹先国,等. 潜在生态危害指数法评价中重金属毒性系数计算[J]. 环境科学与技术,2008,31(2):112-115.
[14] Ningning W, Aihua W, Linghao K, et al. Calculation and application of Sb toxicity coefficient for potential ecological risk assessment[J].Science of the Total Environment, 2018,(610/611):167-174.
[15] 中国环境监测总站. 中国土壤元素背景值[M]. 北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990:330-381.
[16] 朱爱萍,陈建耀,江涛,等. 北江流域横石河-翁江沿岸土壤重金属污染特征分析[J]. 中国环境科学,2015,35(2):506-515.
[17] Huang H J, Yuan X Z, Zeng G M, et al. Quantitative evaluation of heavy metals’ pollution hazards in liquefaction residues of sewage sludge[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2011,102(22):10346-10351.
[18] Sutherland R A.Bed sediment-associated trace metals in an urban stream, Oahu, Hawaii[J]. Environmental Geology, 2000,39(6):611-627.
[19] Singovszka E, Balintova M, Holub M. Heavy metal contamination and its indexing approach for sediment in Smolnik creek (Slovakia)[J]. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 2016,18(1):305-313.
[20] 高丽双,张丹. 重金属对土壤微生物活性的影响[J]. 中国资源综合利用,2014(4):48-50.
[21] 陈苏,孙丽娜,晁雷,等. 基于土壤酶活性变化的铅污染土壤修复基准[J]. 生态环境学报,2010,19(7):1659-1662.
[22] 洪春来,贾彦博,王润屹,等. 铅污染对土壤重金属及酶活性的影响[J]. 中国农学通报,2008,24(12):304-307.
[23] 高秀丽,邢维芹,冉永亮,等. 重金属积累对土壤酶活性的影响[J]. 生态毒理学报,2012,7(3):331-336.