高温灭菌酸性红壤可能诱发其对烟草幼苗的锰毒害
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摘要
以存在烟草连作障碍的两种土壤(红壤和水稻土)为材料,研究高温灭菌对幼苗期烟草鲜干质量、农艺性状和土壤理化性状的影响.结果显示:(1)酸性红壤土高温灭菌后,烟草植株干质量、株高、茎粗和叶面积,均显著低于不灭菌处理;然而,碱性水稻土高温灭菌后,上述参数值则恰恰相反.(2)高温灭菌,显著降低了红壤土Eh值,可能是导致土壤二价锰质量分数超过了烟株锰毒害临界值的因素之一,但高温灭菌对水稻土pH值和Eh值影响均无统计学意义.据此,在进行土壤生物学障碍机理研究时,应该考虑高温灭菌诱发酸性红壤锰毒,抑制烟株生长,从而影响对试验结果的客观评价.
An experiment was carried out on red soil(acid) and paddy soil(alkaline), on which continuous cropping obstacles occurred, to study the impact of autoclave sterilization on leaf fresh/dry weight and agronomic traits of tobacco plants at the seedling stage and on soil physicochemical properties. The results showed that autoclave sterilization significantly decreased the dry weight, plant height, stem diameter and leaf area of the tobacco seedlings on the acid red soil and the opposite was true for the plants on the alkaline paddy soil. Autoclave sterilization significantly decreased soil Eh for red soil, which may be one of the factors responsible for the results that soil divalent manganese content exceeded the tobacco Mn toxicity threshold on red soil. However, no significant difference was observed in soil pH and Eh between autoclave sterilization and non-sterilization for paddy soil. Therefore, in researches of the mechanism for soil biological barriers it should be taken into consideration that autoclave sterilization may induce Mn toxicity in acid red soil and thus inhibit tobacco growth, so that the evaluation of the experiment results is objective and reliable.
An experiment was carried out on red soil(acid) and paddy soil(alkaline), on which continuous cropping obstacles occurred, to study the impact of autoclave sterilization on leaf fresh/dry weight and agronomic traits of tobacco plants at the seedling stage and on soil physicochemical properties. The results showed that autoclave sterilization significantly decreased the dry weight, plant height, stem diameter and leaf area of the tobacco seedlings on the acid red soil and the opposite was true for the plants on the alkaline paddy soil. Autoclave sterilization significantly decreased soil Eh for red soil, which may be one of the factors responsible for the results that soil divalent manganese content exceeded the tobacco Mn toxicity threshold on red soil. However, no significant difference was observed in soil pH and Eh between autoclave sterilization and non-sterilization for paddy soil. Therefore, in researches of the mechanism for soil biological barriers it should be taken into consideration that autoclave sterilization may induce Mn toxicity in acid red soil and thus inhibit tobacco growth, so that the evaluation of the experiment results is objective and reliable.
引文
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[13] 臧小平.土壤锰毒与植物锰的毒害 [J].土壤通报,1999,30(3):139-141.
[14] 张辉,张佳宝,赵炳梓,等.高温高压间歇灭菌对中国典型土壤性质的影响 [J].土壤学报,2011,48(3):540-548.
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[18] 高凡,贾建业,梅雪清,等.土壤中微量元素锰及其化合物的环境意义 [J].广东微量元素科学,2004,11(4):10-13.
[19] 王小兵,周冀衡,李强,等.曲靖不同pH烟区土壤有效锰和烟叶锰含量的分布状况分析 [J].土壤通报,2013,44(4):969-973.
[20] WALDREN S,DAVIES M S,ETHERINGTON J R.The Effect of Manganese on Root Extension of Geum Rivale L.,G.Urbanum L.and Their Hybrids [J].New Phytologist,1987,106(4):679-688.
[21] HOUTZ R L,NABLE R O,CHENIAE G M.Evidence for Effects on the in Vivo Activity of Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase during Development of Mn Toxicity in Tobacco [J].Plant Physiology,1988,86(4):1143-1149.
[22] MARSH K B,PETERSON L A.Gradients in Mn Accumulation and Changes in Plant Form for Potato Plants Affected by Mn Toxicity [J].Plant and Soil,1990,121(2):157-163.
[23] 廖金凤.珠江三角洲蔬菜中的锰 [J].广东微量元素科学,2000,7(5):56-58.
[24] PAGE E R.Studies in Soil and Plant Manganese:II.The Relationship of Soil pH to Manganese Availability [J].Plant and Soil,1962,16 (2):247-257.
[25] 曾睿,张果,何忠俊,等.土壤锰素营养及锰在烟草上的应用研究进展 [J].江西农业学报,2009,21(9):105-109.
[2] 时鹏,张继光,王正旭,等.烟草连作障碍的症状·机理及防治措施 [J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(1):120-122,124.
[3] 中国农业科学院烟草研究所.中国烟草栽培学 [M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1987.
[4] 刘国顺.烟草栽培学 [M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
[5] 王鑫,刘建新.黄土高原沟壑区烟草连作对土壤腐殖质性质的影响 [J].水土保持学报,2007,21(6):126-129.
[6] 张长华,王智明,陈叶君,等.连作对烤烟生长及土壤氮磷钾养分的影响 [J].贵州农业科学,2007,35(4):62-65.
[7] TUOMINEN L,KAIRESALO T,HARTIKAINEN H.Comparison of Methods for Inhibiting Bacterial Activity in Sediment [J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1994,60(9):3454-3457.
[8] JENNEMAN G E,MCINERNEG M J,CROCKER M E,et al.Effect of Sterilization by Dry Heat or Autoclaving on Bacterial Penetration Through Berea Sandstone [J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1986,51(1):39-43.
[9] ROZYCKI M,BARTHA R.Problems Associated with the Use of Azide as an Inhibitor of Microbial Activity in Soil [J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1981,41(3):833-836.
[10] CLARK F E.Changes Induced in Soil by Ethylexe Oxide Sterilization [J].Soil Science,1950,70(5):345-350.
[11] LABEDA D P,BALKWILL D L,CASIDA L E J R.Soil Sterilization Effects on in Situ Indigenous Microbial Cells in Soil [J].Canadian Journal of Microbiology,1975,21(3):263-269.
[12] 易芬远,沈方科,首安发,等.不同灭菌措施消除烟-薯-烟连作土壤障碍的效应 [J] .广西农学报,2013,28(2):19-22.
[13] 臧小平.土壤锰毒与植物锰的毒害 [J].土壤通报,1999,30(3):139-141.
[14] 张辉,张佳宝,赵炳梓,等.高温高压间歇灭菌对中国典型土壤性质的影响 [J].土壤学报,2011,48(3):540-548.
[15] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析 [M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[16] GEE G W,BAUDER J W,KLUTE A.Methods of Soil Analysis,Part 1:Physical and Mineralogical Methods [M].Madison:American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America.lnc,1986.
[17] 张仕祥,过伟民,李辉信,等.烟草连作障碍研究进展 [J].土壤,2015,47(5):823-829.
[18] 高凡,贾建业,梅雪清,等.土壤中微量元素锰及其化合物的环境意义 [J].广东微量元素科学,2004,11(4):10-13.
[19] 王小兵,周冀衡,李强,等.曲靖不同pH烟区土壤有效锰和烟叶锰含量的分布状况分析 [J].土壤通报,2013,44(4):969-973.
[20] WALDREN S,DAVIES M S,ETHERINGTON J R.The Effect of Manganese on Root Extension of Geum Rivale L.,G.Urbanum L.and Their Hybrids [J].New Phytologist,1987,106(4):679-688.
[21] HOUTZ R L,NABLE R O,CHENIAE G M.Evidence for Effects on the in Vivo Activity of Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase during Development of Mn Toxicity in Tobacco [J].Plant Physiology,1988,86(4):1143-1149.
[22] MARSH K B,PETERSON L A.Gradients in Mn Accumulation and Changes in Plant Form for Potato Plants Affected by Mn Toxicity [J].Plant and Soil,1990,121(2):157-163.
[23] 廖金凤.珠江三角洲蔬菜中的锰 [J].广东微量元素科学,2000,7(5):56-58.
[24] PAGE E R.Studies in Soil and Plant Manganese:II.The Relationship of Soil pH to Manganese Availability [J].Plant and Soil,1962,16 (2):247-257.
[25] 曾睿,张果,何忠俊,等.土壤锰素营养及锰在烟草上的应用研究进展 [J].江西农业学报,2009,21(9):105-109.