Detection of heavy metals in water samples by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy combined with annular groove graphite flakes
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摘要
The use of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS) for the analysis of heavy metals in water samples is investigated. Some factors such as splashing, surface ripples, extinction of emitted intensity, and a shorter plasma lifetime will influence the results if the water sample is directly measured. In order to avoid these disadvantages and the ‘coffee-ring effect', hydrophilic graphite flakes with annular grooves were used for the first time to enrich and concentrate heavy metals in water samples before being analyzed by LIBS. The proposed method and procedure have been evaluated to concentrate and analyze cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead,and zinc in a water sample. The correlation coefficients were all above 0.99. The detection limits of 0.029, 0.087, 0.012, 0.083, 0.125, and 0.049 mgl~(-1) for Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn,respectively, were obtained in samples prepared in a laboratory. With this structure, the heavy metals homogeneously distribute in the annular groove and the relative standard deviations are all below 6%. This method is very convenient and suitable for online in situ analysis of heavy metals.
The use of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS) for the analysis of heavy metals in water samples is investigated. Some factors such as splashing, surface ripples, extinction of emitted intensity, and a shorter plasma lifetime will influence the results if the water sample is directly measured. In order to avoid these disadvantages and the ‘coffee-ring effect', hydrophilic graphite flakes with annular grooves were used for the first time to enrich and concentrate heavy metals in water samples before being analyzed by LIBS. The proposed method and procedure have been evaluated to concentrate and analyze cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead,and zinc in a water sample. The correlation coefficients were all above 0.99. The detection limits of 0.029, 0.087, 0.012, 0.083, 0.125, and 0.049 mgl~(-1) for Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn,respectively, were obtained in samples prepared in a laboratory. With this structure, the heavy metals homogeneously distribute in the annular groove and the relative standard deviations are all below 6%. This method is very convenient and suitable for online in situ analysis of heavy metals.
The use of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS) for the analysis of heavy metals in water samples is investigated. Some factors such as splashing, surface ripples, extinction of emitted intensity, and a shorter plasma lifetime will influence the results if the water sample is directly measured. In order to avoid these disadvantages and the ‘coffee-ring effect', hydrophilic graphite flakes with annular grooves were used for the first time to enrich and concentrate heavy metals in water samples before being analyzed by LIBS. The proposed method and procedure have been evaluated to concentrate and analyze cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead,and zinc in a water sample. The correlation coefficients were all above 0.99. The detection limits of 0.029, 0.087, 0.012, 0.083, 0.125, and 0.049 mgl~(-1) for Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn,respectively, were obtained in samples prepared in a laboratory. With this structure, the heavy metals homogeneously distribute in the annular groove and the relative standard deviations are all below 6%. This method is very convenient and suitable for online in situ analysis of heavy metals.
引文
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[34]Wang C L et al 2011 Chin.J.Lasers 38 252(in Chinese)
[35]Wang Y et al 2013 Laser Technol.37 808(in Chinese)
[36]Bae D et al 2015 Spectrochim.Acta B 113 70
[37]Lin Q Y et al 2016 Anal.At.Spectrom.31 1622
[38]Andrade D F,Speran?a M A and Pereira-Filho E R 2017 Anal.Methods 9 5156
[39]Guo L B et al 2016 Front.Phys.11 115208
[40]Aragón C,Aguilera J A and Pe?alba F 1999 Appl.Spectrosc.53 1259
[41]Cheng Y K et al 2017 Technol.Dev.Enterp.36 5(in Chinese)
[42]Song C,Zhang Y W and Gao X 2017 Spectrosc.Spect.Anal.37 1885(in Chinese)
[43]Lin Q Y et al 2017 J.Anal.At.Spectrom.32 1412
[44]Wu Q F et al 2017 Laser J.38 21(in Chinese)
[45]Lu Y et al 2010 Appl.Opt.49 C75
[46]Zheng M L et al 2013 Laser Optoelectron.Prog.50 073004(in Chinese)
[47]Tawfik W and Sawaf S 2014 Proc.of SPIE Sensing Technology and Applications 9101 91010L
[48]Zhong S L et al 2016 Front.Phys.11 114202
[2]Hu L et al 2015 Plasma Sci.Technol.17 699
[3]Wang Z,Dong F Z and Zhou W D 2015 Plasma Sci.Technol.17 617
[4]Wang Y J and Yuan X Q 2013 J.Gems Gemmol.15 18(in Chinese)
[5]Noll R et al 2001 Spectrochim.Acta B 56 637
[6]Hassan H E et al 2013 J.Appl.Sci.Res.9 1074
[7]Metzinger A et al 2014 Appl.Spectrosc.68 789
[8]Giakoumaki A,Melessanaki K and Anglos D 2007 Anal.Bioanal.Chem.387 749
[9]Lazic V et al 2005 Spectrochim.Acta B 60 1014
[10]Cremers D A et al 2004 LIBS analysis of geological samples at low pressures:application to Mars,the Moon,and asteroids Proc.of the 35th Lunar and Planetary Science Conf.(Houston,TX:Los Alamos National Laboratory)p 35
[11]Lazic V et al 2007 Spectrochim.Acta Part B At.Spectrosc.62 1546
[12]Abdel-Salam Z,Al Sharnoubi J and Harith M A 2013 Talanta115 422
[13]Yang H et al 2017 Laser Opt.Prog.54 083002(in Chinese)
[14]Guo Y M et al 2016 Front.Phys.11 114212
[15]Pace D M D et al 2006 Spectrochim.Acta B 61 929
[16]Pace D M D et al 2017 Spectrochim.Acta B 131 58
[17]Wu Y Q et al 2016 Chin.J.Anal.Chem.44 1919(in Chinese)
[18]Xu L et al 2012 J.Anhui Norm.Univ.Nat.Sci.35 438(in Chinese)
[19]Serrano J,Moros J and Laserna J J 2016 Phys.Chem.Chem.Phys.18 2398
[20]Cortez J and Pasquini C 2013 Anal.Chem.85 1547
[21]Yang X Y et al 2016 Opt.Express 24 13410
[22]Choi D et al 2015 Appl.Spectrosc.68 198
[23]Wang X et al 2015 Anal.Chem.87 5577
[24]Cáceres J O et al 2001 Spectrochim.Acta B 56 831
[25]Wang Y Y et al 2017 Spectrosc.Spect.Anal.37 884(in Chinese)
[26]Alamelu D,Sarkar A and Aggarwal S K 2008 Talanta 77256
[27]Jiang T J et al 2016 Electrochim.Acta 216 188
[28]Schmidt N E and Goode S R 2002 Appl.Spectrosc.56 370
[29]Aguirre M A et al 2015 Talanta 131 348
[30]Sarkar A et al 2009 J.Anal.At.Spectrom.24 1545
[31]Sarkar A et al 2010 Microchim.Acta 168 65
[32]Shi H et al 2012 Spectrosc.Spect.Anal.32 25(in Chinese)
[33]Wang C L et al 2012 Proc.of SPIE 6th Int.Symp.on Advanced Optical Manufacturing and Testing Technologies:Optical Test and Measurement Technology and Equipment 841784171G
[34]Wang C L et al 2011 Chin.J.Lasers 38 252(in Chinese)
[35]Wang Y et al 2013 Laser Technol.37 808(in Chinese)
[36]Bae D et al 2015 Spectrochim.Acta B 113 70
[37]Lin Q Y et al 2016 Anal.At.Spectrom.31 1622
[38]Andrade D F,Speran?a M A and Pereira-Filho E R 2017 Anal.Methods 9 5156
[39]Guo L B et al 2016 Front.Phys.11 115208
[40]Aragón C,Aguilera J A and Pe?alba F 1999 Appl.Spectrosc.53 1259
[41]Cheng Y K et al 2017 Technol.Dev.Enterp.36 5(in Chinese)
[42]Song C,Zhang Y W and Gao X 2017 Spectrosc.Spect.Anal.37 1885(in Chinese)
[43]Lin Q Y et al 2017 J.Anal.At.Spectrom.32 1412
[44]Wu Q F et al 2017 Laser J.38 21(in Chinese)
[45]Lu Y et al 2010 Appl.Opt.49 C75
[46]Zheng M L et al 2013 Laser Optoelectron.Prog.50 073004(in Chinese)
[47]Tawfik W and Sawaf S 2014 Proc.of SPIE Sensing Technology and Applications 9101 91010L
[48]Zhong S L et al 2016 Front.Phys.11 114202