典型草坪植物对铜的积累及其耐性差异研究
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摘要
通过探讨4种典型草坪植物(白三叶、紫花苜蓿、高羊茅及四季青)的耐铜(Cu)能力,筛选出适宜于修复矿区Cu污染土壤的草坪植物,从而为矿区废弃地的生态系统构建提供一定的科学依据。结果表明:随着Cu浓度增大,4种草坪植物的株高、茎粗和生物量均显著下降,生长受到不同程度的抑制。不同植物的Cu生物富集系数存在一定的差异,但均表现为地上部分的生物富集系数显著小于地下部分的生物富集系数。4种草坪植物的Cu转运系数也存在差异,但均小于1。添加外源Cu 100mg/kg时,四季青的Cu转运系数为临界点;而添加外源Cu 250 mg/kg时,高羊茅的Cu转运系数为临界点,两者均表现出较好的Cu污染修复能力,可作为修复矿山Cu污染土壤的备选植物。
In order to screen the suitable remediation lawn plants and provide certain scientific basis for ecological restoration of abandoned lands of mines,the different ability of Copper( Cu) resistance in lawn plant were studied with four typical lawn plant( Trifolium repens Linn.,Medicago sativa Linn.,Festuca elata Keng and Agrostis stolonifera Linn.). The results showed that the plant height,stem diameter and biomass of four kinds of lawn plant decreased significantly with the increase of concentration of Cu treatment; plant growth was restrained in different degrees. The different biological enrichment coefficients of Cu between plants were shown that the biological enrichment coefficients of the ground part were significantly less than that of underground part. The transfer coefficients of Cu were different among four kinds of lawn plant,but these were less than 1. The critical point of transfer coefficient of Agrostis stolonifera Linn. was adding exogenous Cu100 mg/kg,and the critical point of transfer coefficient of Festuca elata Keng was adding exogenous Cu 250 mg/kg. These two kinds of the lawn plants shown good ability to Cu enrichment can be used as alternative plant of enrichment plant in high Cu pollution conditions.
In order to screen the suitable remediation lawn plants and provide certain scientific basis for ecological restoration of abandoned lands of mines,the different ability of Copper( Cu) resistance in lawn plant were studied with four typical lawn plant( Trifolium repens Linn.,Medicago sativa Linn.,Festuca elata Keng and Agrostis stolonifera Linn.). The results showed that the plant height,stem diameter and biomass of four kinds of lawn plant decreased significantly with the increase of concentration of Cu treatment; plant growth was restrained in different degrees. The different biological enrichment coefficients of Cu between plants were shown that the biological enrichment coefficients of the ground part were significantly less than that of underground part. The transfer coefficients of Cu were different among four kinds of lawn plant,but these were less than 1. The critical point of transfer coefficient of Agrostis stolonifera Linn. was adding exogenous Cu100 mg/kg,and the critical point of transfer coefficient of Festuca elata Keng was adding exogenous Cu 250 mg/kg. These two kinds of the lawn plants shown good ability to Cu enrichment can be used as alternative plant of enrichment plant in high Cu pollution conditions.
引文
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[21]聂发辉.关于超富集植物的新理解[J].生态环境,2005,14(l):136-138.
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[24]况武,田伟莉,高全喜.白三叶在铜、镉、铅复合污染土壤修复上的应用[J].能源工程,2012,(6):53-56.
[25]赵达伟.铜污染土壤的超富集、富集植物筛选[D].西安:陕西师范大学,2011.
[26]贺瑶,周惜时,夏妍,等.铜排斥型植物黄花月见草(Oenothera glazioviana)对铜胁迫的响应以及在铜污染土壤上的合理利用[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(3):449-460.
[2]龚长根,胡新生,陈军.湖北铜绿山古铜矿矿物共生指示植物的找矿分析研究[J].资源环境工程,2008,22(1):9-15.
[3]孙清斌,尹春芹,邓金锋,等.大冶矿区土壤-蔬菜重金属污染特征及健康风险评价[J].环境化学,2013,32(4):671-677.
[4]孙清斌,尹春芹,邓金锋,等.大冶矿区周边农田土壤和油菜重金属污染特征研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(1):85-91.
[5]杨胜香,易浪波,刘佳,等.湘西花垣矿区蔬菜重金属污染现状及健康风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(1):17-23.
[6]康薇,郑进.蓖麻——一种新的铜超积累植物[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(3):1449-1451,1466.
[7]柯文山,席红安,杨毅,等.大冶铜绿山矿区海州香薷(Elsholtzia haichowensis)植物地球化学特征分析[J].生态学报,2001,21(6):907-912.
[8]王友保,吴亭亭,燕傲蕾,等.镧对铜尾矿区黑麦草铜耐性与积累特性的影响[J].土壤通报,2012,43(3):731-736.
[9]刘小红,周东美,司友斌,等.铜矿区先锋植物鸭跖草对铜的耐性研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,25(5):1171-1175.
[10]安志装,陈同斌,雷梅,等.蜈蚣草耐铅、铜、锌毒性和修复能力的研究[J].生态学报,2003,23(12):2594-2598.
[11]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2000:108-123.
[12]中华人民共和国农业部环境保护科研监测所.NY/T 1613—2008土壤质量重金属测定王水回流消解原子吸收法[S].北京:中华人民共和国农业部,2008.
[13]Brooks RR,Morrison RS,Reeves RD,et al.Copper and cobalt in African species of Aeolanthus Mart.(Plectranthinae,Labiatae)[J].Plant and Soil,1978,50(1-3):503-507.
[14]Chamberlain AC.Fall out lead and uptake crops[J].Atmospheric Environment,1983,17(4):693-706.
[15]Harrison RM,Chirgawi MB.The assessment of air and soil as contributors of some trace metals to vegetable plants.Ⅰ.Use of a filtered air growth cabinet[J].Science of the Total Environment,1989,83(1-2):13.
[16]Harrison RM,Chirgawi MB.The assessment of air and soil as contributors of some trace metals to vegetable plants.Ⅲ.Experiments with fieldgrown plants[J].Science of the Total Environment,1989,83(1-2):47.
[17]徐卫红,王宏信,李文一,等.重金属富集植物黑麦草对Zn的响应[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(3):43-46.
[18]杨卓,王伟,李博文,等.高羊茅和黑麦草对污染土壤Cd,Pb,Zn的富集特征[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(2):83-87.
[19]柯文山,熊治廷,谢明吉,等.不同来源的海州香莆和野胡萝卜的铜抗性及铜积累差异[J].环境工程学报,2007,1(5):94-100.
[20]张义贤.重金属对大麦(Hordeum vulgare)毒性的研究[J].环境科学学报,1997,17(2):199-205.
[21]聂发辉.关于超富集植物的新理解[J].生态环境,2005,14(l):136-138.
[22]Lombardi L,Sebastiani L.Copper toxicity in Prunus cerasifera:growth and antioxidant enzymes responses of in vitro grown plants[J].Plant Science,2005,168(3):797-802.
[23]王文星,曹成有,崔振波,等.紫花苜蓿对土壤中铜的富集效应及其生理响应[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2006,27(10):1161-1164.
[24]况武,田伟莉,高全喜.白三叶在铜、镉、铅复合污染土壤修复上的应用[J].能源工程,2012,(6):53-56.
[25]赵达伟.铜污染土壤的超富集、富集植物筛选[D].西安:陕西师范大学,2011.
[26]贺瑶,周惜时,夏妍,等.铜排斥型植物黄花月见草(Oenothera glazioviana)对铜胁迫的响应以及在铜污染土壤上的合理利用[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(3):449-460.