不同作物秸秆覆盖处理对硫华菊镉积累的影响
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摘要
【目的】探究秸秆覆盖对富集植物重金属积累的影响。【方法】通过盆栽试验研究了4种作物(水稻、小麦、油菜和蚕豆)秸秆对镉富集植物硫华菊生长及镉积累的影响。【结果】与未覆盖相比,覆盖4种秸秆降低了硫华菊根系、茎秆、叶片、地上部分及整株生物量,也降低了其光合色素含量。覆盖小麦、油菜、蚕豆作物秸秆的处理均提高了硫华菊地上部分的镉含量、转运系数和转运量系数,而覆盖水稻秸秆的处理则降低了这4项指标。硫华菊地上部分镉积累量的大小顺序为:油菜秸秆覆盖>小麦秸秆覆盖>蚕豆秸秆覆盖>未覆盖>水稻秸秆覆盖。与未覆盖相比,覆盖小麦秸秆、油菜秸秆和蚕豆秸秆的硫华菊地上部分镉积累量分别提高了24.22%、32.04%和18.82%。【结论】覆盖小麦、油菜、蚕豆秸秆均能提高硫华菊对镉污染土壤的修复能力,其中以油菜秸秆的效果最佳。
【Objective】Exploring the effects of mulching with the straw on heavy metal accumulation of plants.【Method】The effects of four crops(rice,wheat,rape and broad bean)straw on the growth and cadmium accumulation of cadmium accumulator plant Cosmos sulphureus were studied by the pot experiment.【Result】Mulching with the straws of four crop species decreased the biomasses of roots,stems,leaves,shoots and whole plants of C. sulphureus,and also decreased the photosynthetic pigment contents of C. sulphureus compared with the control. Mulching with the straws of wheat,rape and broad bean increased the cadmium contents in shoots,translocation factor and translocation accumulation factor of C. sulphureus,while mulching with the rice straw decreased these four items. The cadmium accumulation in C. sulphureus was ranked as mulching with the rape straw >mulching with the wheat straw>mulching with the broad bean straw>the control>mulching with the rice straw. Compared with the control,mulching with the straws of wheat,rape and broad bean increased the cadmium accumulation in shoots of C. sulphureus by 24.22%,32.04% and 18.82%,respectively.【Conclusion】Mulching with the straws of wheat,rape and broad bean could improve the remediation ability of C. sulphureus for cadmium contaminated soil,and the best one was rape straw.
【Objective】Exploring the effects of mulching with the straw on heavy metal accumulation of plants.【Method】The effects of four crops(rice,wheat,rape and broad bean)straw on the growth and cadmium accumulation of cadmium accumulator plant Cosmos sulphureus were studied by the pot experiment.【Result】Mulching with the straws of four crop species decreased the biomasses of roots,stems,leaves,shoots and whole plants of C. sulphureus,and also decreased the photosynthetic pigment contents of C. sulphureus compared with the control. Mulching with the straws of wheat,rape and broad bean increased the cadmium contents in shoots,translocation factor and translocation accumulation factor of C. sulphureus,while mulching with the rice straw decreased these four items. The cadmium accumulation in C. sulphureus was ranked as mulching with the rape straw >mulching with the wheat straw>mulching with the broad bean straw>the control>mulching with the rice straw. Compared with the control,mulching with the straws of wheat,rape and broad bean increased the cadmium accumulation in shoots of C. sulphureus by 24.22%,32.04% and 18.82%,respectively.【Conclusion】Mulching with the straws of wheat,rape and broad bean could improve the remediation ability of C. sulphureus for cadmium contaminated soil,and the best one was rape straw.
引文
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[22]聂发辉.关于超富集植物的新理解[J].生态环境,2005,14(1):136-138.
[23]陆文龙,赵标.秸秆改良土壤对玉米生长发育特征的影响[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(4):309-312.
[24]高青海,陆晓民,贾双双.不同作物秸秆还田对设施黄瓜生长及光合特性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2013,33(10):2065-2070.
[25]刘义国,林琪,房清龙.旱地秸秆还田对小麦花后光合特性及产量的影响[J].华北农业学报,2013,28(4):110-114.
[26]刘阳,李吾强,温晓霞,等.玉米秸秆还田对接茬冬小麦旗叶光合特性的影响[J].西北农业学报,2008,17(2):80-85.
[27]江行玉,赵可夫.植物重金属伤害及其抗性机理[J].应用与环境生物学报,2001,7(1):92-99.
[28]TESSIER A,COMPBELL P G C,BISSON M.Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals[J].Analytical Chemistry,1979,51(7):844-850.
[29]单玉华,李昌贵,陈晨,等.施用秸秆对淹水土壤镉、铜溶出的影响[J].生态学杂志,2008,27(8):1362-1366.
[2]周启星,宋玉芳.植物修复的技术内涵及展望[J].安全与环境学报,2001,1(3):48-53.
[3]鲍桐,廉梅花,孙丽娜,等.重金属污染土壤植物修复研究进展[J].生态环境,2008,17(2):858-865.
[4]聂俊华,刘秀梅,王庆仁.营养元素N、P、K对Pb超富集植物吸收能力的影响[J].农业工程学报,2004,20(5):262-265.
[5]董志强,朱红霞,白昕欣,等.秸秆还田对小麦幼苗生长和土壤养分变化的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(6):77-81.
[6]周鸣铮.土壤肥力学概论[M].杭州:浙江科学技术出版社,1985:118-154.
[7]徐国伟,李帅,赵永芳,等.秸秆还田与施氮对水稻根系分泌物及氮素利用的影响研究[J].草业学报,2014,23(2):140-146.
[8]王璞,赵秀琴.几种化感物质对棉花种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2001,6(3):26-31.
[9]段桂兰,王芳,岑况,等.秸秆还田对水稻镉积累及其亚细胞分布的影响[J].环境科学,2017,15(9):1-14.
[10]何静,林立金,石军,等.土壤覆盖耐性植物秸秆对树番茄幼苗生长及镉积累的影响[J].土壤通报,2016,47(5):1259-1264.
[11]武爱莲,王劲松,焦晓燕,等.秸秆还田对日光温室有机肥氮素矿化特征的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2014,22(6):744-748.
[12]胡容平,石军,黄廷友,等.土施超富集植物秸秆对荠菜生长及镉积累的影响[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(5):217-221.
[13]王恒,石军,林立金,等.耐性植物秸秆覆盖对荠菜生长及镉积累的影响[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(1):184-187.
[14]汤福义,林立金,廖进秋,等.土施富集植物秸秆对牛膝菊生长及镉积累的影响[J].华北农学报,2015,30(4):213-218.
[15]林立金,马倩倩,石军,等.花卉植物硫华菊的镉积累特性研究[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(3):142-143.
[16]WEI S H,ZHOU Q X,WANG X,et al.A newly-discovered Cd-hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L.[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2005,50(1):33-38.
[17]ZHANG S R,LIN H C,DENG L J,et al.Cadmium tolerance and accumulation characteristics of Siegesbeckia orientalis L.[J].Ecological Engineering,2013,51(2):133-139.
[18]林立金,廖明安,梅洛银,等.不同生态型小飞蓬对镉胁迫砧木樱桃植株磷钾吸收的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(12):1566-1568.
[19]熊庆娥.植物生理学实验教程[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,2003:124-126.
[20]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:380-383.
[21]RASTMANESH F,MOORE F,KESHAVARZI B.Speciation and phytoavailability of heavy metals in contaminated soils in Sarcheshmeh area,Kerman Province,Iran[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2010,85(5):515-519.
[22]聂发辉.关于超富集植物的新理解[J].生态环境,2005,14(1):136-138.
[23]陆文龙,赵标.秸秆改良土壤对玉米生长发育特征的影响[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(4):309-312.
[24]高青海,陆晓民,贾双双.不同作物秸秆还田对设施黄瓜生长及光合特性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2013,33(10):2065-2070.
[25]刘义国,林琪,房清龙.旱地秸秆还田对小麦花后光合特性及产量的影响[J].华北农业学报,2013,28(4):110-114.
[26]刘阳,李吾强,温晓霞,等.玉米秸秆还田对接茬冬小麦旗叶光合特性的影响[J].西北农业学报,2008,17(2):80-85.
[27]江行玉,赵可夫.植物重金属伤害及其抗性机理[J].应用与环境生物学报,2001,7(1):92-99.
[28]TESSIER A,COMPBELL P G C,BISSON M.Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals[J].Analytical Chemistry,1979,51(7):844-850.
[29]单玉华,李昌贵,陈晨,等.施用秸秆对淹水土壤镉、铜溶出的影响[J].生态学杂志,2008,27(8):1362-1366.