基于社会生态系统视角的乡村聚落韧性评价——以河南省汤阴县为例
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摘要
在当前"乡村振兴"战略的背景下,如何应对我国乡村聚落环境污染、经济衰退、人口流失、社会结构瓦解等问题,实现乡村聚落的可持续发展成为当下乡村振兴的迫切目标。本研究通过对韧性理念及乡村聚落韧性的研究,以适应性循环理论为基础,提出基于社会生态系统视角的乡村聚落韧性的实证分析框架。文章以河南省汤阴县非城镇建设区内的乡村聚落为研究对象,构建汤阴县乡村聚落社会生态系统发展演变的评价体系,通过对汤阴县5个典型乡村聚落30年来各个关键指标的演变趋势研究,判断乡村聚落各个子系统的发展演变阶段与路径,研究外部干扰下汤阴县乡村聚落韧性特征和相对韧性值,从而提出韧性乡村聚落的培育策略。
The concept of resilience provides a new research idea for rural settlement development. This paper selects rural settlements in non-urban construction areas in Tangyin County of Henan Province as the research object. It studies the resilience in rural settlements under external disturbances, and proposes strategies for cultivating resilient rural settlements. Under the external disturbances, it studies the universal change of the six elements in rural settlements in Tangyin County, which constitutes an index system for judging the development and evolution of rural settlements in Tangyin County. Through the evolution trends of key indicators in five typical rural settlements in Tangyin County over the past 30 years, we can judge the development stages and paths of each subsystems of rural settlements. According to the adaptive cycle theory, the resilience characteristics and the relative resilience values of rural settlements can be inferred. Based on the study, some cultivated approaches are proposed to the resilient rural settlements.
The concept of resilience provides a new research idea for rural settlement development. This paper selects rural settlements in non-urban construction areas in Tangyin County of Henan Province as the research object. It studies the resilience in rural settlements under external disturbances, and proposes strategies for cultivating resilient rural settlements. Under the external disturbances, it studies the universal change of the six elements in rural settlements in Tangyin County, which constitutes an index system for judging the development and evolution of rural settlements in Tangyin County. Through the evolution trends of key indicators in five typical rural settlements in Tangyin County over the past 30 years, we can judge the development stages and paths of each subsystems of rural settlements. According to the adaptive cycle theory, the resilience characteristics and the relative resilience values of rural settlements can be inferred. Based on the study, some cultivated approaches are proposed to the resilient rural settlements.
引文
[1]费孝通.乡土中国[M].北京:人民出版社,2008.
[2]许家伟.乡村聚落空间结构的演变与驱动机理[D].郑州:河南大学,2013.
[3]赵民,游猎,陈晨.论农村人居空间的“精明收缩”导向和规划策略[J].城市规划,2015,39(7):9-18.
[4]赵晨.超越线性转型的乡村复兴--高淳武家嘴村和大山村的比较研究[D].南京:南京大学,2014.
[5]岳俞余.基于韧性理念的汤阴县乡村聚落发展研究[D].上海:同济大学,2018.
[6]Mcintosh A,Stayner R,Carrington K,et al.Resilience in rural communities literature review[R].New England:Centre for Applied Research Insocial Science,2008:3-6.
[7]邵亦文,徐江.城市韧性:基于国际文献综述的概念解析[J].国际城市规划,2015,30(2):48-54.
[8]沃克,索尔克.弹性思维:不断变化的世界中社会-生态系统的可持续性[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010.
[9]Meerow S,Newel J P,Stults M.Defining urban resilience:A review[J].Landscape&Urban Planning,2015(11):38-49.
[10]石翠萍.乡村社会-生态系统体制转换影响因素及稳健性[D].西安:西北大学,2015.
[11]Schouten M A H,Van d H M M,Heijman W J M.Resilience of social-ecological systems in European rural areas:theory and prospects[C]//Seminar,December,Belgrade,Serbia.European Association of Agricultural Economists,2009.
[12]Heijman.W,Hagelaar.G,Heide.M.V.D.Rural resilience as a new development concept[C]//Novi Sad,Serbia,EAAE seminar Sebian Association of Agricultural Economistys,2007:383-396.
(1)资料来源于韧性联盟官方网站:https://www.resalliance.org/resilience-assessment。
(2)1983年汤阴县乡村聚落卫星影像图来源于美国地质调查局(USGS)图片数据库,目前仅解密了冷战时期(1947—1991年)的卫星照片。2015年汤阴县乡村聚落卫星影像图来源于谷歌地图。
[2]许家伟.乡村聚落空间结构的演变与驱动机理[D].郑州:河南大学,2013.
[3]赵民,游猎,陈晨.论农村人居空间的“精明收缩”导向和规划策略[J].城市规划,2015,39(7):9-18.
[4]赵晨.超越线性转型的乡村复兴--高淳武家嘴村和大山村的比较研究[D].南京:南京大学,2014.
[5]岳俞余.基于韧性理念的汤阴县乡村聚落发展研究[D].上海:同济大学,2018.
[6]Mcintosh A,Stayner R,Carrington K,et al.Resilience in rural communities literature review[R].New England:Centre for Applied Research Insocial Science,2008:3-6.
[7]邵亦文,徐江.城市韧性:基于国际文献综述的概念解析[J].国际城市规划,2015,30(2):48-54.
[8]沃克,索尔克.弹性思维:不断变化的世界中社会-生态系统的可持续性[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010.
[9]Meerow S,Newel J P,Stults M.Defining urban resilience:A review[J].Landscape&Urban Planning,2015(11):38-49.
[10]石翠萍.乡村社会-生态系统体制转换影响因素及稳健性[D].西安:西北大学,2015.
[11]Schouten M A H,Van d H M M,Heijman W J M.Resilience of social-ecological systems in European rural areas:theory and prospects[C]//Seminar,December,Belgrade,Serbia.European Association of Agricultural Economists,2009.
[12]Heijman.W,Hagelaar.G,Heide.M.V.D.Rural resilience as a new development concept[C]//Novi Sad,Serbia,EAAE seminar Sebian Association of Agricultural Economistys,2007:383-396.
(1)资料来源于韧性联盟官方网站:https://www.resalliance.org/resilience-assessment。
(2)1983年汤阴县乡村聚落卫星影像图来源于美国地质调查局(USGS)图片数据库,目前仅解密了冷战时期(1947—1991年)的卫星照片。2015年汤阴县乡村聚落卫星影像图来源于谷歌地图。