基于信息建筑技术的城市肌理研究
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摘要
本文以城市肌理作为研究对象,综合利用多种信息建筑技术,包括GIS技术、空间句法、参数化技术、数理分析模型、视觉追踪技术、商业智能技术等,提出一种将信息建筑技术应用于城市研究与设计的方法。论文在梳理、研究相关理论与方法的基础上,将城市肌理分为不同层面的形态类型:街巷系统、街区肌理单元、建筑斑块肌理单元、空间肌理单元,并结合汉口沿江片区案例,通过建立信息建筑技术为基础的分析框架对不同层面的城市肌理进行研究。提出了相应的特征描述参数、计量算法以及空间图解分析模型,结合数据可视化技术对城市肌理的特征属性进行了解析,在此基础上对城市肌理的拓扑结构、几何形态、空间属性、空间品质等方面进行了综合研究,探索利用新的技术手段对城市肌理进行解读和评价,揭示潜在的形态规律。本研究构建了一套定量分析框架用以对城市肌理的复杂空间形态进行多维度分析,为提高空间环境的品质提供科学准确的判断依据,为城市设计过程提供科学化的技术支持,对于切实推进科学合理的新型城市化建设具有重要的现实意义。本文对城市肌理的相关概念进行了界定,在总结城市肌理研究的相关理论和方法的基础上,按照城市肌理的形态要素将其分解为不同的肌理形态分析单元,对街巷系统、街区肌理单元、建筑斑块肌理单元、空间肌理单元进行多维度分析,主要研究内容与成果包括以下几点:1)利用空间句法对汉口沿江片区的街巷拓扑结构进行了研究,基于城区、街区、邻里3个结构层级,对街巷系统的整合度、穿行度、路网密度以及指标间的相关性进行了量化分析,基于参数化分析方法计算了整合度和穿行度的Ht指数,对街巷系统的潜在结构活力进行了进一步解析,探明了该区域在不同层级的潜在核心地段,探明了街巷系统中城市公共生活与邻里社区活动所对应的空间属性和分布情况。2)通过构建街区肌理单元的几何形态指标体系,对多个几何形态指标的概念、计量方式、作用进行了详细说明,对街区肌理单元的形态、质地、强度进行比较全面的量化描述和比较。分析了街区肌理单元在不同形态指标上的数据分布、变异程度、集中趋势、极值区间,对代表性的街区肌理单元和原五国租界区范围内的肌理形态进行了比较分析。建立了街区肌理单元的几何形态指标相关矩阵,在此基础上利用因子分析对冗余指标进行降维,并通过聚类方法对汉口沿江片区内的街区肌理单元进行类型学分析,结果显示该分类方法对于不同类型的街区肌理单元具有良好的区分度和准确性,有效的探明了汉口沿江片区的核心肌理带和断裂区,并分析了产生这些问题的原因,提出运用"城市织补"实现城市可持续发展的策略。3)对城市肌理中的空间场效应进行了探索性研究。首先对"中心场"理论进行了论述,提出运用"中心场"描述建筑斑块在城市肌理中的影响力和重要程度,并对汉口沿江片区中建筑斑块的中心场的强度和分布进行了量化分析。其次,发展了一套对城市肌理的不规则、非匀质空间属性进行分析的方法,对不规则、非匀质性空间的发生地点、影响强度、作用范围进行了量化解析和图示说明,利用该方法对汉口沿江片区中的4个代表性街区进行了案例剖析,揭示了隐藏在复杂肌理中的空间形态规律。
In this thesis, the urban fabric is mainly focused as research subject for the purpose of urban studies and urban design, based on information architecture technology, including GIS, Space Syntax, parametric technique, data analysis and modeling, visual tracking technique, business intelligence, and etc. After summarizing related theories and study methods, the thesis further dives to analyze different aspects of urban fabric--street network system, block fabric unit, building patch unit, and space fabric unit, in the case of Hankou riverside area based on the framework of information architecture technology. The research proposes some featured descriptive indicators, relevant calculation methods, and analytical diagrams todecipher the spatial characteristics and hidden rules of urban fabric both topologically and geometrically, through new data visualization techniques. This research establishes a quantitative framework for the complex formal analysis of urban fabric in multiple dimensions, and this exploration could be helpful to provide more precise and scientific proofs to optimize the quality of built environment, and also provide reliable technical supports to urban design and decision making procedural. It would make great sense to put forward the Newtype Urbanization in a more scientific and reasonable manner. After summarizing related theories and study methods, the thesis enables a hierarchical analysis for the urban fabric in different aspects--street network system, block fabric unit, building patch unit, and space fabric unit, and the major research outcomes and founds are listed as follows:1) Based on Space Syntax method, the research analyzes the street network system of Hankou riverside area, in three levels--city, district, and neighborhood. Multiple parameters of Space Syntax are involved, including the Integrity, Choice, Road Density, and correlations between these parameters. Ht indexes of Integrity and Choice are also calculated using parametric analysis method. In this way, we detect the potential liveliness of the street network system, and explore the hidden core areas and corresponding characters and distributions of different levels of Hankou riverside area.2) The analysis framework of geometrical indicators for the block fabric unit is established. Specific explanation is made for the conceptions, calculation methods, and functions of selected geometrical indicators. In this way, the form, texture, and intensity of different block units could be measured and compared. The data distribution, dispersion, centralization, and extreme values are analyzed for these geometrical indicators. Afterward, the correlation matrix of geometrical indicators is made, then typological research for the block units are explored using factor deduction methods and clustering analysis, which indicate acceptable precision when classifying different types of block units in Hankou riverside area. The comprehensive methods enable us to detect the continuous belt and fractures of urban fabric in this area. Finally, strategy of weaving urban fabric is proposed for future development. 3) The research explores the field phenomenon within the urban fabric. First, the Theory of Centers is discussed since it is helpful to measure the impact and spatial domination for building patches in the urban fabric. The thesis proposes a new method to measure the spatial distribution and intensity for the field of building patches in Hankou riverside area. Secondly, the thesis develops a series of algorithms to detect the field caused by irregular and inhomogeneous characters of geometries within the urban fabric. Four selected blocks are tested using the developed methods to decipher the hidden rules within complex urban fabric.
In this thesis, the urban fabric is mainly focused as research subject for the purpose of urban studies and urban design, based on information architecture technology, including GIS, Space Syntax, parametric technique, data analysis and modeling, visual tracking technique, business intelligence, and etc. After summarizing related theories and study methods, the thesis further dives to analyze different aspects of urban fabric--street network system, block fabric unit, building patch unit, and space fabric unit, in the case of Hankou riverside area based on the framework of information architecture technology. The research proposes some featured descriptive indicators, relevant calculation methods, and analytical diagrams todecipher the spatial characteristics and hidden rules of urban fabric both topologically and geometrically, through new data visualization techniques. This research establishes a quantitative framework for the complex formal analysis of urban fabric in multiple dimensions, and this exploration could be helpful to provide more precise and scientific proofs to optimize the quality of built environment, and also provide reliable technical supports to urban design and decision making procedural. It would make great sense to put forward the Newtype Urbanization in a more scientific and reasonable manner. After summarizing related theories and study methods, the thesis enables a hierarchical analysis for the urban fabric in different aspects--street network system, block fabric unit, building patch unit, and space fabric unit, and the major research outcomes and founds are listed as follows:1) Based on Space Syntax method, the research analyzes the street network system of Hankou riverside area, in three levels--city, district, and neighborhood. Multiple parameters of Space Syntax are involved, including the Integrity, Choice, Road Density, and correlations between these parameters. Ht indexes of Integrity and Choice are also calculated using parametric analysis method. In this way, we detect the potential liveliness of the street network system, and explore the hidden core areas and corresponding characters and distributions of different levels of Hankou riverside area.2) The analysis framework of geometrical indicators for the block fabric unit is established. Specific explanation is made for the conceptions, calculation methods, and functions of selected geometrical indicators. In this way, the form, texture, and intensity of different block units could be measured and compared. The data distribution, dispersion, centralization, and extreme values are analyzed for these geometrical indicators. Afterward, the correlation matrix of geometrical indicators is made, then typological research for the block units are explored using factor deduction methods and clustering analysis, which indicate acceptable precision when classifying different types of block units in Hankou riverside area. The comprehensive methods enable us to detect the continuous belt and fractures of urban fabric in this area. Finally, strategy of weaving urban fabric is proposed for future development. 3) The research explores the field phenomenon within the urban fabric. First, the Theory of Centers is discussed since it is helpful to measure the impact and spatial domination for building patches in the urban fabric. The thesis proposes a new method to measure the spatial distribution and intensity for the field of building patches in Hankou riverside area. Secondly, the thesis develops a series of algorithms to detect the field caused by irregular and inhomogeneous characters of geometries within the urban fabric. Four selected blocks are tested using the developed methods to decipher the hidden rules within complex urban fabric.
引文