高性能聚酰亚胺纤维及其可织造性能
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摘要
为推进高性能聚酰亚胺纤维在纺织材料领域的应用发展,分析了5种商业化聚酰亚胺纤维的微观结构和力学性能,并通过全自动剑杆小样织机对其可织造性能进行了研究。借助红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、纤维强伸度仪和纱线抱合力机对纤维的结构和性能进行表征。结果表明:5种聚酰亚胺纤维中强度及模量最高纤维的亚胺化程度为97.26%,结晶度为19.27%,取向度为0.92,以上结构参数赋予其优异的力学性能,其强度和模量分别为2 239.24 MPa和56.62 GPa,但伸长率较小,仅为4.03%;该纤维表面光滑、致密、具有明显的原纤结构,但耐磨性差,对其织造性能和织物表观形貌具有一定影响。
In order to develop applications of textile structure materials based on high-performance polyimide(PI) fibers,the microstructure and mechanical properties of five commercial PI fibers were analyzed.The weavability was studied by automatic rapier sample loom.The microstructure and properties of PI fibers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,the tensile testing machine and the yarn hugging testing machines,respectively.The results show that the imide degree of the high-performance PI fiber with the highest strength and modulus is up to 97.26%,crystallinity is 19.27% and orientation degree is 0.92,which determine the excellent mechanical properties of PI fiber.The strength is 2 239.24 MPa and the modulus is 56.62 GPa,but the elongation rate at break is only 4.03%.Moreover,the PI fiber has the smooth surface,dense microstructure and obvious fibrillar feature,but its abrasion resistance is very poor,which affects its weavbility and surface morphology of textile fabrics.
In order to develop applications of textile structure materials based on high-performance polyimide(PI) fibers,the microstructure and mechanical properties of five commercial PI fibers were analyzed.The weavability was studied by automatic rapier sample loom.The microstructure and properties of PI fibers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,the tensile testing machine and the yarn hugging testing machines,respectively.The results show that the imide degree of the high-performance PI fiber with the highest strength and modulus is up to 97.26%,crystallinity is 19.27% and orientation degree is 0.92,which determine the excellent mechanical properties of PI fiber.The strength is 2 239.24 MPa and the modulus is 56.62 GPa,but the elongation rate at break is only 4.03%.Moreover,the PI fiber has the smooth surface,dense microstructure and obvious fibrillar feature,but its abrasion resistance is very poor,which affects its weavbility and surface morphology of textile fabrics.
引文
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[18]SUN Meng,CHANG Jingjing,TIAN Guofeng,et al.Preparation of high-performance polyimide fibers containing benzimidazole and benzoxazole units[J].Journal of Materials Science,2016,51(6):2830-2840.
[19]XU Yuan,WANG Shihua,LI Zhentao,et al.Polyimide fibers prepared by dry-spinning process:imidization degree and mechanical properties[J].Journal of Materials Science,2013,48(22):7863-7868.
[20]NIU Hongqing,HUANG Mingjun,QI Shengli,et al.High-performance copolyimide fibers containing quinazolinone moiety:preparation,structure and properties[J].Polymer,2013,54(6):1700-1708.
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[22]陈东生,甘应进,王建刚,等.莲纤维的力学性能[J].纺织学报,2009,30(3):18-21.CHEN Dongsheng,GAN Yingjin,WANG Jiangang,et al.Mechanical properties of lotus fibers[J].Journal of Textile Research,2009,30(3):18-21.
[23]严灏景,吴川灵,杨序纲.涤纶的拉伸断裂机理[J].合成纤维,1987(5):26-31.YAN Haojing,WU Chuanling,YANG Xugang.The tensile fracture mechanism of polyester fiber[J].Synthetic Fiber in China,1987(5):26-31.
[2]张清华,张春华,陈大俊,等.聚酰亚胺高性能纤维研究进展[J].世界科学,2002,27(5):11-14.ZHANG Qinghua,ZHANG Chunhua,CHEN Dajun,et al.Research process of high performance polyimide fibers[J].World Science,2002,27(5):11-14.
[3]ICHIRO Sasaki,HIROSHI Itatani,MIKITO Kashima,et al.Aromatic polyimide resin composition:4247443[P].1981-01-28.
[4]尹朝清,徐园,张清华.聚酰亚胺纤维及其阻燃特性[J].纺织学报,2012,33(6):116-120.YIN Chaoqing,XU Yuan,ZHANG Qinghua.Polyimide fiber and its flame rerardance[J].Journal of Textile Research,2012,33(6):116-120.
[5]VARUN Ratta.Crystallization,morphology,thermal stability and adhesive properties of novel high performance semi-crystalline polyimides[D].Virginia:Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,2000:80-97.
[6]TAKAHO Kaneda,TOSHIO Katsura,KANJI Nakagawa,et al.High-strength-high-modulus polyimide fibers II:spinning and properties of fibers[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2010,32(1):3151-3176.
[7]ZHANG Qinghua,DAI Mian,DING Mengxian,et al.Mechanical properties of BPDA-ODA polyimide fibers[J].European Polymer Journal,2004,40(11):2487-2493.
[8]WILLIAME Dorogy,ANNE Clair.Fibers from a soluble,fluorinated polyimide[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2010,49(3):501-510.
[9]BHAT G S,RENATA Schwanke.Thermal properties of a polyimide fiber[J].Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry,1997,49(1):399-405.
[10]于文骁,汪晓东,吴战鹏,等.共聚型聚酰亚胺纤维的结构与性能[J].合成纤维,2013,42(9):12-16.YU Wenxiao,WANG Xiaodong,WU Zhanpeng,et al.Structure and performance of co-polyimide fibers[J].Synthetic Fiber in China,2013,42(9):12-16.
[11]JING Lingxiao,GUO Nangkuo,XU Haiyan,et al.Tensile characteristics of flexible PU-coated multi-axial warp-knitted fabrics[J].Journal of Industrial Textiles,2017,47(1):38-56.
[12]张明.高性能纤维的发展及在先进复合材料中的应用[J].军民两用技术与产品,2016(16):153-153.ZHANG Ming.The development of high performance fibers and its application in advanced composites[J].Dual Use Technologies&Products,2016(16):153-153.
[13]LAU K W,DIAS T.Knittability of high-modulus yarns[J].Journal of the Textile Institute,1994,85(2):173-190.
[14]RUDOV Clark S,MOURITZ A P,LEE L,et al.Fiber damage in the manufacture of advanced threedimensional woven composites[J].Composites Part A,2003,34(10):963-970.
[15]LEE L,RUDOV Clark S,MOURITZ A P,et al.Effect of weaving damage on the tensile properties of threedimensional woven composites[J].Composite Structures,2002,57(14):405-413.
[16]CHANG Jingjing,HE Min,NIU Hongqing,et al.Structures and properties of polyimide/polyacrylonitrile blend fibers during stabilization process[J].Polymer,2016,89:102-111.
[17]DONG Jie,YANG Cairan,CHENG Yang,et al.Facile method for fabricating low dielectric constant polyimide fibers with hyperbranched polysiloxane[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry C,2017,5(11):2818-2825.
[18]SUN Meng,CHANG Jingjing,TIAN Guofeng,et al.Preparation of high-performance polyimide fibers containing benzimidazole and benzoxazole units[J].Journal of Materials Science,2016,51(6):2830-2840.
[19]XU Yuan,WANG Shihua,LI Zhentao,et al.Polyimide fibers prepared by dry-spinning process:imidization degree and mechanical properties[J].Journal of Materials Science,2013,48(22):7863-7868.
[20]NIU Hongqing,HUANG Mingjun,QI Shengli,et al.High-performance copolyimide fibers containing quinazolinone moiety:preparation,structure and properties[J].Polymer,2013,54(6):1700-1708.
[21]许千,徐圆,王士华,等.共聚聚酰亚胺纤维的制备及其性能研究[J].合成纤维工业,2013,36(4):5-8.XU Qian,XU Yuan,WANG Shihua,et al.Preparation and properties of copolymerized polyimide fibers[J].China Synthetic Fiber Industry,2013,36(4):5-8.
[22]陈东生,甘应进,王建刚,等.莲纤维的力学性能[J].纺织学报,2009,30(3):18-21.CHEN Dongsheng,GAN Yingjin,WANG Jiangang,et al.Mechanical properties of lotus fibers[J].Journal of Textile Research,2009,30(3):18-21.
[23]严灏景,吴川灵,杨序纲.涤纶的拉伸断裂机理[J].合成纤维,1987(5):26-31.YAN Haojing,WU Chuanling,YANG Xugang.The tensile fracture mechanism of polyester fiber[J].Synthetic Fiber in China,1987(5):26-31.