聚酰亚胺纤维与碳纤维缠绕复合气瓶性能对比研究
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摘要
本文主要研究高性能国产聚酰亚胺纤维在复合材料气瓶上的应用,并表征其与进口碳纤维的性能差距.采用国产聚酰亚胺纤维进行缠绕成型工艺优化与复合材料性能测试分析,在测试数据及工艺优化基础上针对其进行了复合材料气瓶的强度设计.分别采用聚酰亚胺纤维、进口T300、T700以及T800碳纤维缠绕成型复合材料气瓶,进行水压爆破压强的测试,并引进声发射检测技术对其在水压过程中的损伤信号进行监测分析.结果表明聚酰亚胺纤维缠绕工艺性良好,与树脂界面结合优异,适用于湿法缠绕成型工艺.复合材料拉伸强度达到1 708 MPa,纤维的强度发挥率高达80%,相比于碳纤维复合材料其呈现出较好的断裂韧性,有利于减少复合材料气瓶在水压下的应力损伤.缠绕成型的聚酰亚胺纤维复合材料气瓶容器特征系数(PV/W)高达32. 2 km,其在航空航天、医用、汽车、核工业等领域具有广阔的应用前景.
This paper mainly studies the application of high performance domestic polyimide fiber in composite cylinders and characterized its performance gap with imported carbon fiber. Filament winding process verification of the domestic polyimide fiber was researched and mechanical properties of domestic polyimide fiber composite were tested. On the basis of the test data and process optimization,the strength design of the composite cylinder was carried out. The composite cylinders were fabricated respectively by using domestic polyimide fiber,imported T300,T700,and T800 carbon fibers. The burst pressure of the composite cylinders was studied by hydrostatic test. Moreover,acoustic emission testing technology was introduced to monitor the damage signals during the hydrostatic test. The results showed that domestic polyimide fiber presented good manufacturability for filament winding process and excellent bonding with resin. The tensile strength of the composite reached 1 708 MPa and the fiber strength ratio was up to 80%. Compared with carbon fiber composite,the domestic polyimide fiber composite exhibits better fracture toughness. It was beneficial to reduce the stress damage of composite cylinders under internal hydrostatic pressure. The value of PV/W to the composite cylinder,which was fabricated by domestic polyimide fibers,was up to 32. 2 km. It indicates that the domestic polyimide fiber composite can be widely used in aviation,aerospace,medical,automotive,nuclear industry,and other fields.
This paper mainly studies the application of high performance domestic polyimide fiber in composite cylinders and characterized its performance gap with imported carbon fiber. Filament winding process verification of the domestic polyimide fiber was researched and mechanical properties of domestic polyimide fiber composite were tested. On the basis of the test data and process optimization,the strength design of the composite cylinder was carried out. The composite cylinders were fabricated respectively by using domestic polyimide fiber,imported T300,T700,and T800 carbon fibers. The burst pressure of the composite cylinders was studied by hydrostatic test. Moreover,acoustic emission testing technology was introduced to monitor the damage signals during the hydrostatic test. The results showed that domestic polyimide fiber presented good manufacturability for filament winding process and excellent bonding with resin. The tensile strength of the composite reached 1 708 MPa and the fiber strength ratio was up to 80%. Compared with carbon fiber composite,the domestic polyimide fiber composite exhibits better fracture toughness. It was beneficial to reduce the stress damage of composite cylinders under internal hydrostatic pressure. The value of PV/W to the composite cylinder,which was fabricated by domestic polyimide fibers,was up to 32. 2 km. It indicates that the domestic polyimide fiber composite can be widely used in aviation,aerospace,medical,automotive,nuclear industry,and other fields.
引文
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[15]刘哲军,葛丽,王俊峰,等.复合材料气瓶声发射检测初步研究[J].宇航材料工艺,2011,41(2):120-123.LIU Zhejun,GE Li,WANG Junfeng.Acoustic emission testing of composite pressure vessels[J].Aerospace Materials&Technology,2011,41(2):120-123.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2330.2011.02.031
[16]王百亚,张康助,雷海锋,等.F-12纤维/RE14复合材料压力容器成型工艺研究[J].宇航材料工艺,2003,33(4):39-42.WANG Baiya,ZHAN Kangzhu,LEI Haifeng,et al.Study of manufacturing process for F-12 fiber/RE 14composite pressure vessels[J].Aerospace Materials&Technology,2003,33(4):39-42.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2330.2003.04.009
[17]李玉峰,李玲丽,潘宗友.一种卫星用钛内衬-碳纤维缠绕复合材料气瓶特性研究[J].宇航学报,2014,35(11):1318-1325.LI Yufeng,LI Lingli,PAN Zongyou.Characteristic study on titanium-liner/carbon-fiber overwrapped vessels on the satellite[J].Journal of Astronautics,2014,35(11):1318-1325.DOI:10.3873/j.issn.1000-1328.2014.11.014
[2]YI X,GAO Y,ZHANG M,et al.Tensile modulus enhancement and mechanism of polyimide fibers by post-thermal treatment induced microvoid evolution[J].European Polymer Journal,2017,91:232-241.DOI:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.03.063
[3]王晓洁,梁国正,李辅安,等.T-1000碳纤维/环氧树脂基复合材料性能研究[J].材料科学与工艺,2005,13(5):540-543.WANG Xiaojie,LANG Guozheng,LI Fuan,etal.Study on the property of T-1000 carbon fiber/epoxy resin composite[J].Materials Science and Technology,2005,13(5):540-543.
[4]贺莉,尹术帮,杨杰,等.芳纶Ⅲ纤维湿法缠绕工艺研究[J].玻璃钢/复合材料,2014(8):77-82.HE Li,YIN Shubang,YANG Jie,et al.Study on wet process formula for aramidⅢfibers[J].Fiber Reinforced Plastics/Composites,2014(8):77-82.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-0999.2014.08.015
[5]NIU H,QI S,HAN E,et al.Fabrication of highperformance copolyimide fibers from 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride,p-phenylenediamine and 2-(4-aminophenyl)-6-amino-4(3H)-quinazolinone[J].Materials Letters,2012,89(10):63-65.DOI:10.1016/j.matlet.2012.08.088
[6]CHANG J,GE Q,ZHANG M,et al.Effect of preimidization on the structures and properties of polyimide fibers[J].Rsc Advances,2015,5(85):69555-69566.DOI:10.1039/c5ra10943d
[7]朱晓光,陈鄂生,张美云.聚酰亚胺纤维及其纸基功能材料研究进展[J].中国造纸,2016,35(10):59-65.ZHU Xiaoguang,CHEN Esheng,ZHANG Meiyun.The research progress of polyimide fiber and its paper base material[J].China Pulp&Paper,2016,35(10):59-65.DOI:10.11980/j.issn.0254-508X.2016.10.013
[8]常晶菁,牛鸿庆,武德珍.聚酰亚胺纤维的研究进展[J].高分子通报,2017(3):19-27.CHANG Jingjing,NIU Hongqing,WU Dezhen.Research progress of polyimide fibers[J].Chinese Polymer Bulletin,2017(3):19-27.DOI:10.14028/j.cnki.1003-3726.2017.03.003
[9]王洋,刘洪新,陈维强,等.高模量碳纤维复合材料薄壁管件成型工艺优化研究[J].宇航材料工艺,2017,47(2):56-59.WANG Yang,LIU Hongxin,CHEN Weiqiang,et al.Optimization of forming process of high modulus carbon fiber reinforced composite thin-wall cylindrical tube[J].Aerospace Materials&Technology,2017,47(2):56-59.DOI:10.12044/j.issn.1007-2330.2017.02.013
[10]何晓东,史耀耀,赵鹏兵.复合材料布带缠绕成型压力控制技术[J].航空学报,2014,35(3):868-877.HE Xiaodong,SHI Yaoyao,ZHAO Pengbing.Control technology of composite tape winding pressure[J].Acta Aeronautica ET Astronautica Sinica,2014,35(3):868-877.DOI:10.7527/S1000-6893.2013.0417
[11]王斌,丘哲明,刘爱华,等.高性能PBO纤维复合材料成型工艺参数研究[J].航空学报,2004,25(2):192-196.WANG Bin,QIU Zheming,LIU Aihua,et al.Study of manufacture processing parameter of highperformance PBO fiber composite[J].Acta Aeronauticaet ET Astronautica Sinica,2004,25(2):192-196.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-6893.2004.02.023
[12]陈汝训.复合材料天然气气瓶设计的几个问题[J].宇航材料工艺,2001,31(5):55-57.CHEN Ruxun.Some problems with natural gas composite cylinder design[J].Aerospace Materials&Technology,2001,31(5):55-57.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2330.2001.05.013
[13]陈汝训.纤维缠绕壳体的应力平衡系数和圆筒缠绕角[J].固体火箭技术,2009,32(6):677-679.CHEN Ruxun.Stress equilibrium factor and the cylinder wound angle of the filament-wound case[J].Journal of Solid Rocket Technology,2009,32(6):677-679.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-2793.2009.06.019
[14]王飞,周建平,涂俊,等.纤维缠绕复合材料气瓶声发射检测技术研究[J].航天制造技术,2014(3):59-63.WANG Fei,ZHOU Jianping,TU Jun,et al.Acoustic emission testing of filament-wound composite gas cylinders[J].Aerospace Manufacturing Technology,2014(3):59-63.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-4837.2014.11.004
[15]刘哲军,葛丽,王俊峰,等.复合材料气瓶声发射检测初步研究[J].宇航材料工艺,2011,41(2):120-123.LIU Zhejun,GE Li,WANG Junfeng.Acoustic emission testing of composite pressure vessels[J].Aerospace Materials&Technology,2011,41(2):120-123.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2330.2011.02.031
[16]王百亚,张康助,雷海锋,等.F-12纤维/RE14复合材料压力容器成型工艺研究[J].宇航材料工艺,2003,33(4):39-42.WANG Baiya,ZHAN Kangzhu,LEI Haifeng,et al.Study of manufacturing process for F-12 fiber/RE 14composite pressure vessels[J].Aerospace Materials&Technology,2003,33(4):39-42.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2330.2003.04.009
[17]李玉峰,李玲丽,潘宗友.一种卫星用钛内衬-碳纤维缠绕复合材料气瓶特性研究[J].宇航学报,2014,35(11):1318-1325.LI Yufeng,LI Lingli,PAN Zongyou.Characteristic study on titanium-liner/carbon-fiber overwrapped vessels on the satellite[J].Journal of Astronautics,2014,35(11):1318-1325.DOI:10.3873/j.issn.1000-1328.2014.11.014