屎肠球菌SF68对断奶仔猪腹泻率、肠道发育及组织形态的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加屎肠球菌SF68对断奶仔猪腹泻率、肠道发育及组织形态的影响。选用90头21日龄体重[(6.58±0.07) kg]相近的"杜洛克×长白×大约克"三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分配至5组,每组3个重复,每个重复6头猪(公母各占1/2)。对照组(CON组)仔猪饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素组(ANT组)仔猪饲喂基础饲粮+0.02%硫酸抗敌素+0.007 5%金霉素,抗生素+低剂量屎肠球菌组(ALEF组)仔猪饲喂基础饲粮+0.01%屎肠球菌SF68+0.02%的硫酸抗敌素+0.007 5%的金霉素,低剂量屎肠球菌组(LEF组)仔猪饲喂基础饲粮+0.01%屎肠球菌SF68,高剂量屎肠球菌组(HEF组)仔猪饲喂基础饲粮+0.05%屎肠球菌SF68,试验期21 d。结果显示:1)与CON组相比,ALEF组仔猪腹泻率显著降低(P<0.05)。2)与CON组相比,LEF组和HEF组十二指肠相对重显著增加(P<0.05),LEF组回肠相对重显著增加(P<0.05)。3)与CON组相比,ALEF组十二指肠、空肠和回肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值显著升高(P<0.05),HEF组空肠绒毛高度和回肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值显著升高(P<0.05),LEF组十二指肠绒毛高度显著升高(P<0.05)。与ANT组相比,LEF组十二指肠绒毛高度和隐窝深度极显著增加(P<0.01)。4) CON组和ANT组纹状缘厚度低于其他各组,小肠微绒毛出现脱落,且CON组呈倒伏状。相比于其他各组,ALEF组、LEF组纹状缘更为整齐,微绒毛间隙更为致密。综合试验结果得出,屎肠球菌SF68可通过改善肠道发育、增强肠道功能来减少断奶仔猪腹泻,建议断奶仔猪饲粮中屎肠球菌SF68的添加量为0.01%,并且可与硫酸抗敌素和金霉素混合使用。
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Enterococcus faecium SF68 on diarrhea rate,intestinal development and morphology of weaned piglets.Ninety 21-day-old"Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire"crossbred weaned piglets with similar body weight [(6.58 ± 0.07) kg] were randomly assigned to 5 groups with 3 replicates per group and 6 piglets per replicate(half male and half female).Piglets in the control group(CON group) were fed a basal diet,piglets in the antibiotic group(ANT group) were fed the basal diet+0.007 5% chlortetracycline+0.02% colistin sulfate,piglets in the antibiotic+low dose Enterococcus faecalis group(ALEF group) were fed the basal diet+0.007 5% chlortetracycline+0.02% colistin sulfate+0.01%Enterococcus faecium SF68,piglets in the low dose Enterococcus faecalis group(LEF group) were fed the basal diet+0.01% Enterococcus faecium SF68,and piglets in the high dose Enterococcus faecalis group(HEF group) were fed the basal diet+0.05% Enterococcus faecium SF68.The experiment lasted for 21 days.The results showed that the diarrhea rate in ALEF group was significantly lower than that of CON group(P<0.05).2) Compared with the CON group,the relative weight of duodenum in LEF and HEF groups was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the relative weight of ileum in LEF group was significantly increased(P<0.05).3)Compared with the CON group,the ratio of villus height to crypt depth of duodenum,jejunum and ileum in ALEF group was significantly increased(P<0.05),the villus height of jejunum and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth of ileum in HEF group were significantly increased(P<0.05),while the villus height of duodenum in LEF group was significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with the ANT group,the duodenal villus height and crypt depth in the LEF group were significantly increased(P<0.01).4) The microvillus exfoliated in CON and ANT groups,and the striated border thickness in CON and ANT groups was thinner than that of other groups,and it showed a lodging status in CON group.The space of microvillus were closer and the striated borders were tidier in ALEF and LEF groups than those in other groups.Based on the results above,Enterococcus faecium SF68 can reduce diarrhea of weaned piglets by improving intestinal development and enhancing intestinal function.It is recommended that the adding amount of Enterococcus faecium SF68 in the diet of weaned piglets is 0.01%,and it can be mixed with sulfate antibiotics and chlortetracycline.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Enterococcus faecium SF68 on diarrhea rate,intestinal development and morphology of weaned piglets.Ninety 21-day-old"Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire"crossbred weaned piglets with similar body weight [(6.58 ± 0.07) kg] were randomly assigned to 5 groups with 3 replicates per group and 6 piglets per replicate(half male and half female).Piglets in the control group(CON group) were fed a basal diet,piglets in the antibiotic group(ANT group) were fed the basal diet+0.007 5% chlortetracycline+0.02% colistin sulfate,piglets in the antibiotic+low dose Enterococcus faecalis group(ALEF group) were fed the basal diet+0.007 5% chlortetracycline+0.02% colistin sulfate+0.01%Enterococcus faecium SF68,piglets in the low dose Enterococcus faecalis group(LEF group) were fed the basal diet+0.01% Enterococcus faecium SF68,and piglets in the high dose Enterococcus faecalis group(HEF group) were fed the basal diet+0.05% Enterococcus faecium SF68.The experiment lasted for 21 days.The results showed that the diarrhea rate in ALEF group was significantly lower than that of CON group(P<0.05).2) Compared with the CON group,the relative weight of duodenum in LEF and HEF groups was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the relative weight of ileum in LEF group was significantly increased(P<0.05).3)Compared with the CON group,the ratio of villus height to crypt depth of duodenum,jejunum and ileum in ALEF group was significantly increased(P<0.05),the villus height of jejunum and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth of ileum in HEF group were significantly increased(P<0.05),while the villus height of duodenum in LEF group was significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with the ANT group,the duodenal villus height and crypt depth in the LEF group were significantly increased(P<0.01).4) The microvillus exfoliated in CON and ANT groups,and the striated border thickness in CON and ANT groups was thinner than that of other groups,and it showed a lodging status in CON group.The space of microvillus were closer and the striated borders were tidier in ALEF and LEF groups than those in other groups.Based on the results above,Enterococcus faecium SF68 can reduce diarrhea of weaned piglets by improving intestinal development and enhancing intestinal function.It is recommended that the adding amount of Enterococcus faecium SF68 in the diet of weaned piglets is 0.01%,and it can be mixed with sulfate antibiotics and chlortetracycline.
引文
[1]刘正旭.竹酢粉对断奶仔猪生产性能、免疫机能及肠道微生物区系的影响[D].硕士学位论文.扬州:扬州大学,2016.
[2]葛龙,李波.屎肠球菌在饲用微生态制剂中的研究与应用[J].饲料与畜牧,2013(6):57-59.
[3]SAMLI H E,SENKOYLU N,KOC F,et al.Effects of Enterococcus faecium and dried whey on broiler performance,g ut histomorphology and intestinal microbiota[J].Archives of Animal Nutrition,2007,61(1):42-49.
[4]冯宝宝,方伟,封飞飞,等.屎肠球菌SF68对断奶仔猪生长性能、血常规和血清生化指标及抗氧化性能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(3):1125-1135.
[5]MITCHAOTHAI J,YUANGKLANG C,VASUPENK,et al.Effect of dietary calcium and lecithin on growth performance and small intestinal morphology of young wild pigs[J].Livestock Science,2010,134(1/2/3):106-108.
[6]VONDRUSKOVA H,SLAMOVA R,TRCKOVA M,et al.Alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in prevention of diarrhoea in weaned piglets:a review[J].VeterinárníMedicína,2010,55(5):199-224.
[7]ZEYNER A,BOLDT E.Effects of a probiotic Enterococcus faecium strain supplemented from birth to weaning on diarrhoea patterns and performance of piglets[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2006,90(1/2):25-31.
[8]UNDERDAHL N R.The effect of feeding Streptococcus faecium upon Escherichia coli induced diarrhea in gnotobiotic pigs[J].Progress in Food&Nutrition Science,1983,7(3/4):5-12.
[9]HUANG C H,QIAO S Y,LI D F,et al.Effects of Lactobacilli on the performance,diarrhea incidence,VFA concentration and gastrointestinal microbial flora of weaning pigs[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2004,17(3):401-409.
[10]MALLO J J,RIOPEREZ J,HONRUBIA P.The addition of Enterococcus faecium to diet improves piglet’s intestinal microbiota and performance[J].Livestock Science,2010,133(1/2/3):176-178.
[11]D’SOUZA A L,RAJKUMAR C,COOKE J,et al.Probiotics in prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhoea:meta-analysis[J].Bmj Chinese Edition,2003,324(7350):1361.
[12]GIANG H H,VIET T Q,OGLE B,et al.Growth performance,digestibility,gut environment and health status in weaned piglets fed a diet supplemented with potentially probiotic complexes of lactic acid bacteria[J].Livestock Science,2010,129(1/2/3):95-103.
[13]BROOM L J,MILLER H M,KERR K G,et al.Effects of zinc oxide and Enterococcus faecium SF68 dietary supplementation on the performance,intestinal microbiota and immune status of weaned piglets[J].Research in Veterinary Science,2006,80(1):45-54.
[14]HOUSHMAND M,AZHAR K,ZULKIFLI I,et al.Effects of non-antibiotic feed additives on performance,immunity and intestinal morphology of broilers fed different levels of protein[J].South African Journal of Animal Science,2012,42(1):22-32.
[15]王永超.肠膜蛋白粉和发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对断奶仔猪作用效果的研究[D].硕士学位论文.郑州:河南科技大学,2015.
[16]PLUSKE J R,WILLIAMS I H,AHERNE F X.Maintenance of villous height and crypt depth in piglets by providing continuous nutrition after weaning[J].Animal Science,1996,62(1):131-144.
[17]邓军,李云锋,杨倩.枯草芽孢杆菌和猪源乳酸杆菌混合饲喂对仔猪肠绒毛发育的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2013,44(02):295-301.
[18]YANG H,XIONG X,WANG X,et al.Effects of weaning on intestinal upper villus epithelial cells of piglets[J].PLoS One,2016,11(3):e0150216.
[19]SEGAWA S,FUJIYA M,KONISHI H,et al.Probioticderived polyphosphate enhances the epithelial barrier function and maintains intestinal homeostasis through integrin-p38 MAPK pathway[J].PLoS One,2011,6(8):e23278.
[20]VIEIRA S L,OYARZABAL O A,FREITAS D M,et al.Performance of broilers fed diets supplemented with sanguinarine-like alkaloids and organic acids[J].The Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2008,17(1):128-133.
[2]葛龙,李波.屎肠球菌在饲用微生态制剂中的研究与应用[J].饲料与畜牧,2013(6):57-59.
[3]SAMLI H E,SENKOYLU N,KOC F,et al.Effects of Enterococcus faecium and dried whey on broiler performance,g ut histomorphology and intestinal microbiota[J].Archives of Animal Nutrition,2007,61(1):42-49.
[4]冯宝宝,方伟,封飞飞,等.屎肠球菌SF68对断奶仔猪生长性能、血常规和血清生化指标及抗氧化性能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(3):1125-1135.
[5]MITCHAOTHAI J,YUANGKLANG C,VASUPENK,et al.Effect of dietary calcium and lecithin on growth performance and small intestinal morphology of young wild pigs[J].Livestock Science,2010,134(1/2/3):106-108.
[6]VONDRUSKOVA H,SLAMOVA R,TRCKOVA M,et al.Alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in prevention of diarrhoea in weaned piglets:a review[J].VeterinárníMedicína,2010,55(5):199-224.
[7]ZEYNER A,BOLDT E.Effects of a probiotic Enterococcus faecium strain supplemented from birth to weaning on diarrhoea patterns and performance of piglets[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2006,90(1/2):25-31.
[8]UNDERDAHL N R.The effect of feeding Streptococcus faecium upon Escherichia coli induced diarrhea in gnotobiotic pigs[J].Progress in Food&Nutrition Science,1983,7(3/4):5-12.
[9]HUANG C H,QIAO S Y,LI D F,et al.Effects of Lactobacilli on the performance,diarrhea incidence,VFA concentration and gastrointestinal microbial flora of weaning pigs[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2004,17(3):401-409.
[10]MALLO J J,RIOPEREZ J,HONRUBIA P.The addition of Enterococcus faecium to diet improves piglet’s intestinal microbiota and performance[J].Livestock Science,2010,133(1/2/3):176-178.
[11]D’SOUZA A L,RAJKUMAR C,COOKE J,et al.Probiotics in prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhoea:meta-analysis[J].Bmj Chinese Edition,2003,324(7350):1361.
[12]GIANG H H,VIET T Q,OGLE B,et al.Growth performance,digestibility,gut environment and health status in weaned piglets fed a diet supplemented with potentially probiotic complexes of lactic acid bacteria[J].Livestock Science,2010,129(1/2/3):95-103.
[13]BROOM L J,MILLER H M,KERR K G,et al.Effects of zinc oxide and Enterococcus faecium SF68 dietary supplementation on the performance,intestinal microbiota and immune status of weaned piglets[J].Research in Veterinary Science,2006,80(1):45-54.
[14]HOUSHMAND M,AZHAR K,ZULKIFLI I,et al.Effects of non-antibiotic feed additives on performance,immunity and intestinal morphology of broilers fed different levels of protein[J].South African Journal of Animal Science,2012,42(1):22-32.
[15]王永超.肠膜蛋白粉和发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对断奶仔猪作用效果的研究[D].硕士学位论文.郑州:河南科技大学,2015.
[16]PLUSKE J R,WILLIAMS I H,AHERNE F X.Maintenance of villous height and crypt depth in piglets by providing continuous nutrition after weaning[J].Animal Science,1996,62(1):131-144.
[17]邓军,李云锋,杨倩.枯草芽孢杆菌和猪源乳酸杆菌混合饲喂对仔猪肠绒毛发育的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2013,44(02):295-301.
[18]YANG H,XIONG X,WANG X,et al.Effects of weaning on intestinal upper villus epithelial cells of piglets[J].PLoS One,2016,11(3):e0150216.
[19]SEGAWA S,FUJIYA M,KONISHI H,et al.Probioticderived polyphosphate enhances the epithelial barrier function and maintains intestinal homeostasis through integrin-p38 MAPK pathway[J].PLoS One,2011,6(8):e23278.
[20]VIEIRA S L,OYARZABAL O A,FREITAS D M,et al.Performance of broilers fed diets supplemented with sanguinarine-like alkaloids and organic acids[J].The Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2008,17(1):128-133.