节能型换热设备与流程的一体化创新
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摘要
针对重点换热设备在流程工业中扮演着重要的角色,指出了其在流程工业中表现出的2个方面的作用,并阐述了设备与流程的一体化节能创新的实质,明确了设备与工艺流程的关系。着重介绍了2种高压高效节能换热器即炼油领域缠绕管式换热器和印刷电路板式换热器的基本结构。基于缠绕管式换热器,介绍了节能型加氢裂化/加氢改质工艺中设备与流程的一体化创新;基于印刷电路板式换热器,介绍了天然气液化工厂混合冷剂冷却工艺的改进。列举了Hammerfest液化工厂混合冷剂海水换热器的失效案例,强调了安全性与能效性协同的重要性。简介了3种结构形式海水混合冷剂换热器比例样机的试验研究结果,介绍了我国研制混合冷剂海水换热器过程中,力求寻找一种安全和能效的平衡。最后指出,仅考虑换热设备的安全性或者能效性都是不够的,要从换热设备和流程工艺之间的相互关系和相互作用出发,在系统的层面上考虑基于能效和本质安全和谐统一的完整性,实现换热设备和流程的一体化节能创新。
As the key heat exchanger plays an important role in the process industry,this paper points out its role in two aspects that it plays in the process industry,and explains the essence of integrated energy-saving innovation of equipment and process,and clarifies the relationship between equipment and process. This paper focuses on introduction of the basic structure of two types of high-pressure and high-efficiency energy-saving heat exchangers,namely the spiral wound heat exchanger in the oil refining field and the heat exchanger for printed circuit board in gas processing. Based on the spiral wound heat exchanger,the integrated innovation of equipment and processes for the energy-saving hydrocracking/hydroupgrading process was introduced,and based on the printed circuit board heat exchanger,the improvement of cooling process of mixed refrigerant in natural gas liquefaction plant was introduced. Examples of failures of the seawater-mixed refrigerant heat exchanger in the Hammerfest liquefaction plant were given,and the importance of synergy between safety and energy efficiency was emphasized. The experimental results of three prototypes of seawater-mixed refrigerant heat exchangers were introduced,and the development of seawater-mixed refrigerant heat exchangers in China was introduced to seek a balance between safety and energy efficiency. Finally,it is pointed out that it is not enough to only consider the safety or energy efficiency of the heat exchange equipment. It is necessary to consider the interrelationships and interactions between the heat exchange equipment and the process technology.At the level of the system,we should consider the integrity based on the harmony between energy efficiency and intrinsic safety in order to achieve the integrated energy-saving innovation of equipment and process.
As the key heat exchanger plays an important role in the process industry,this paper points out its role in two aspects that it plays in the process industry,and explains the essence of integrated energy-saving innovation of equipment and process,and clarifies the relationship between equipment and process. This paper focuses on introduction of the basic structure of two types of high-pressure and high-efficiency energy-saving heat exchangers,namely the spiral wound heat exchanger in the oil refining field and the heat exchanger for printed circuit board in gas processing. Based on the spiral wound heat exchanger,the integrated innovation of equipment and processes for the energy-saving hydrocracking/hydroupgrading process was introduced,and based on the printed circuit board heat exchanger,the improvement of cooling process of mixed refrigerant in natural gas liquefaction plant was introduced. Examples of failures of the seawater-mixed refrigerant heat exchanger in the Hammerfest liquefaction plant were given,and the importance of synergy between safety and energy efficiency was emphasized. The experimental results of three prototypes of seawater-mixed refrigerant heat exchangers were introduced,and the development of seawater-mixed refrigerant heat exchangers in China was introduced to seek a balance between safety and energy efficiency. Finally,it is pointed out that it is not enough to only consider the safety or energy efficiency of the heat exchange equipment. It is necessary to consider the interrelationships and interactions between the heat exchange equipment and the process technology.At the level of the system,we should consider the integrity based on the harmony between energy efficiency and intrinsic safety in order to achieve the integrated energy-saving innovation of equipment and process.
引文
[1]陈永东,陈学东.我国大型换热器的技术进展[J].机械工程学报,2013,49(10):134-143.
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[14]Xiuqing Li,Tim Smith,Renaud Le Pierres,et al. Heat exchangers for the next generation of nuclear reactors[C]//Proceedings of ICAPP 6. Reno,USA,2006.
[15]李雪,陈永东,于改革,等.印刷电路板式换热器Zigzag通道流动与传热数值模拟[J].流体机械,2017,45(11):72-78.
[16]李雪,陈永东,于改革,等.印刷电路板式换热器传热与流动规律及准则式研究[J].压力容器,2017,34(12):21-26.
[17]于改革,陈永东,李雪,等.印刷电路板式换热器传热与流动研究进展[J].流体机械,2017,45(12):73-79.
[18]Chen Y D,Chen X D,Jiang HF,et al.Design technology of large-scale SWHE in refinery industry[J]. Procedia Engineering,2015,130:286-297.
[19]陈永东,周兵,程沛. LNG工厂换热技术的研究进展[J].天然气工业,2012,32(10):80-85.
[20]于改革,陈永东,吴晓红.海水混合冷剂换热器热力设计研究[J].压力容器,2017,34(3):24-29.
[21]Pettersen J,Fredheim AO,Ormbostad H.Experience with water cooled mixed refrigerant condensation[C]//LNG-16 Poster1-3,2009.
[22]Sivert Vist,Morten Svenning,Hilde Furuholt Valle,etal.Start-upexperiencesfromHammerfestLNG,a frontier project in the north of Europe[C]//LNG-16 Poster4-4,2009.
[23]Olaf Andersen.Titanium Tube Failures in Helifin?Heat Exchangers[R].2009.
[2]陈永东,于改革,吴晓红.新型扩散焊紧凑式换热器[J].压力容器,2016,33(5):46-55.
[3]陈永东,张贤安.煤化工大型缠绕管式换热器的设计与制造[J].压力容器,2015,32(1):36-44.
[4]何文丰.缠绕管式换热器在加氢裂化装置的首次的应用[J].石油化工设备技术,2008,29(3):14-17.
[5]陈崇刚.连续重整缠绕管式换热器的研制及工业应用[J].压力容器,2011,28(5):41-47.
[6]张贤安.高效缠绕管式换热器的节能分析与工业应用[J].压力容器,2008,25(5):54-57.
[7]李立权,陈崇刚. Sheer加氢裂化技术—第一代Sheer加氢裂化技术开发[J].炼油技术与工程,2013,43(2):1-5.
[8]陈永东,黄金国,吴晓红,等.加氢裂化装置新型换热器管板的有限元分析[J].压力容器,2010,27(7):9-15.
[9]陈永东,吴晓红.低焊接残余应力的2.25Cr-1Mo钢对接接头焊接结构:中国,ZL200910116632.3[P].2012-02-29.
[10]张贤安,王健良,胡兴苗,等.一种换热器:中国,CN102589324[P].2012-07-18.
[11]Heatric homepage:http://www.heatric.com/industry_application.html[EB/OL].
[12]Tony Bowdery.LNG applications of diffusion bonded heatexchangers[C]//6thTopicalConferenceon Natural Gas Utilization. AICHE,Orlando,USA,2006.
[13]Xiuqing Li,Tim Smith,David Kininmont,et al. Alloy 617forthehightemperaturediffusion-bonded compact heat exchangers[C]//Proceedings of ICAPP 8. Anaheim,USA,2008.
[14]Xiuqing Li,Tim Smith,Renaud Le Pierres,et al. Heat exchangers for the next generation of nuclear reactors[C]//Proceedings of ICAPP 6. Reno,USA,2006.
[15]李雪,陈永东,于改革,等.印刷电路板式换热器Zigzag通道流动与传热数值模拟[J].流体机械,2017,45(11):72-78.
[16]李雪,陈永东,于改革,等.印刷电路板式换热器传热与流动规律及准则式研究[J].压力容器,2017,34(12):21-26.
[17]于改革,陈永东,李雪,等.印刷电路板式换热器传热与流动研究进展[J].流体机械,2017,45(12):73-79.
[18]Chen Y D,Chen X D,Jiang HF,et al.Design technology of large-scale SWHE in refinery industry[J]. Procedia Engineering,2015,130:286-297.
[19]陈永东,周兵,程沛. LNG工厂换热技术的研究进展[J].天然气工业,2012,32(10):80-85.
[20]于改革,陈永东,吴晓红.海水混合冷剂换热器热力设计研究[J].压力容器,2017,34(3):24-29.
[21]Pettersen J,Fredheim AO,Ormbostad H.Experience with water cooled mixed refrigerant condensation[C]//LNG-16 Poster1-3,2009.
[22]Sivert Vist,Morten Svenning,Hilde Furuholt Valle,etal.Start-upexperiencesfromHammerfestLNG,a frontier project in the north of Europe[C]//LNG-16 Poster4-4,2009.
[23]Olaf Andersen.Titanium Tube Failures in Helifin?Heat Exchangers[R].2009.