太行山南麓山区不同植被恢复类型土壤理化和细根结构特征
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摘要
在干旱半干旱地区,由于水分匮乏、土壤贫瘠等因素,将形成一定的裸地斑块,而这些斑块极易造成水土流失、滑坡等灾害,而具有不同植被覆盖的林地则能有效的保持水土。为完善干旱半干旱地区不同植被恢复类型下土壤理化和细根特征,选择太行山南麓山区具有代表性的裸露地、草地、荆条地、侧柏地、栓皮地和刺槐地等植被恢复类型,比较了各植被恢复类型下的土壤养分、粒径及细根状况等差异。研究表明:1)相对于裸露地,有植被覆盖的植被恢复类型拥有良好的土壤及细根状况。2)在不同植被类型中,刺槐林的有效氮转化速率较高;侧柏林有较高的细根参数;草地能够提高土壤中可吸收的磷组分。3)林地类型和土层均对土壤中含水率、黏粒、细根生物量和比根长产生极显著影响(P<0.001)。4)各植被类型的对于土壤斑块的利用能力不同;不同植被类型中土壤及细根状况变化量具有一定的相似性,研究为生态恢复中植被类型的合理布局提供了新思路。
Soil erosion,landslides,and other disasters are usually caused by bare patches formed by a lack of water and barren soil in arid and semi-arid areas. Furthermore,forest habitat types with different vegetation cover are fundamental for conserving soil nutrients and moisture. Therefore,soil characteristics of different vegetation types in forest habitat restoration in arid and semi-arid areas should be determined. In the present study,we selected bare land,grassland,and Vitex negundo,Platycladus orientalis,and Robinia pseudoacacia lands to analyze the soil physical and chemical properties,and fine root characteristics in the different restored forest vegetation types. The results were as follows: 1) the soil and fine root condition in the restored vegetation types were better than that of the bare land; 2) the R. pseudoacacia land had a high effective nitrogen conversion rate,P. orientalis land had outstanding fine root parameters,and grassland showed improved absorbable phosphorus fractions in the different restored vegetation types; 3) both land types and soil layer had significant effects on the soil moisture content,clay,fine root biomass,and specific root length( P<0.001); 4) the utilization ability of soil patches differed in each restored vegetation type. The changes of soil and fine root characteristics may be similar in the different vegetation types. This study provides an insight into the proper distribution of vegetation types in the process of ecological restoration.
Soil erosion,landslides,and other disasters are usually caused by bare patches formed by a lack of water and barren soil in arid and semi-arid areas. Furthermore,forest habitat types with different vegetation cover are fundamental for conserving soil nutrients and moisture. Therefore,soil characteristics of different vegetation types in forest habitat restoration in arid and semi-arid areas should be determined. In the present study,we selected bare land,grassland,and Vitex negundo,Platycladus orientalis,and Robinia pseudoacacia lands to analyze the soil physical and chemical properties,and fine root characteristics in the different restored forest vegetation types. The results were as follows: 1) the soil and fine root condition in the restored vegetation types were better than that of the bare land; 2) the R. pseudoacacia land had a high effective nitrogen conversion rate,P. orientalis land had outstanding fine root parameters,and grassland showed improved absorbable phosphorus fractions in the different restored vegetation types; 3) both land types and soil layer had significant effects on the soil moisture content,clay,fine root biomass,and specific root length( P<0.001); 4) the utilization ability of soil patches differed in each restored vegetation type. The changes of soil and fine root characteristics may be similar in the different vegetation types. This study provides an insight into the proper distribution of vegetation types in the process of ecological restoration.
引文
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[9]邓强.黄土高原4种植被区典型群落细根生物量和年生产量及其与环境因子关系研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2015.
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[19]Ugawa S,Miura S,Iwamoto K,Kaneko S,Fukuda K.Vertical patterns of fine root biomass,morphology and nitrogen concentration in a subalpine fir-wave forest.Plant and Soil,2010,335(1/2):469-478.
[20]Makita N,Hirano Y,Mizoguchi T,Kominami Y,Dannoura M,Ishii H,Finér L,Kanazawa Y.Very fine roots respond to soil depth:biomass allocation,morphology,and physiology in a broad-leaved temperate forest.Ecological Research,2011,26(1):95-104.
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[24]夏江宝,张淑勇,王荣荣,赵艳云,孙景宽,刘京涛,刘庆.贝壳堤岛3种植被类型的土壤颗粒分形及水分生态特征.生态学报,2013,33(21):7013-7022.
[25]王力,王全九,石滨嘉夫,宫崎毅.安达市碱性草地土壤颗粒的分维特征.中国水土保持科学,2008,6(6):63-67.
[26]刘飞渡,韩蕾.亚热带红壤丘陵区不同人工林型对土壤理化性质、微生物类群和酶活性的影响.生态环境学报,2015,24(9):1441-1446.
[27]黄东风,翁伯琦,罗涛.豆科植物固氮能力的主要测定方法比较.江西农业大学学报,2003,25(S1):17-20.
[28]沈世华,荆玉祥.中国生物固氮研究现状和展望.科学通报,2003,48(6):535-540.
[29]刘国凡,邓廷秀.刺槐结瘤固氮生态特性的研究.生态学报,1991,11(3):280-285.
[30]吴克侠,耿丽平,赵全利,李小磊,陆秀君,刘全凤.微生物菌剂与耕作方式对冬小麦土壤化学性状的影响.中国农学通报,2015,31(15):193-201.
[31]Zhao H,Li X Z,Zhang Z M,Zhao Y,Yang J T,Zhu Y W.Species diversity and drivers of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in a semiarid mountain in China.Peer-Reviewed&Open Access,2017,5:e4155.
[32]Hendrick R L,Pregitzer K S.The demography of fine roots in a northern hardwood forest.Ecology,1992,73(3):1094-1104.
[33]王孟本,陈建文,史建伟,荀俊杰,李俊英.柠条人工幼林细根生长和死亡的季节变化.生态学报,2010,30(19):5121-5130.
[34]裴丙,朱龙飞,梁红艳,张军,杨喜田,孔玉华.太行山低山丘陵区不同人工林型对土壤性质及酶活性的影响.干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(10):190-195.
[35]韦兰英,上官周平.黄土高原不同演替阶段草地植被细根垂直分布特征与土壤环境的关系.生态学报,2006,26(11):3740-3748.
[36]邓强,李婷,袁志友,焦峰.黄土高原4种植被类型的细根生物量和年生产量.应用生态学报,2014,25(11):3091-3098.
[37]史建伟,王政权,于水强,全先奎.落叶松和水曲柳人工林细根生长、死亡和周转.植物生态学报,2007,31(2):333-342.
[38]Ceccon C,Panzacchi P,Scandellari F,Prandi L,Ventura M,Russo B,Millard P,Tagliavini M.Spatial and temporal effects of soil temperature and moisture and the relation to fine root density on root and soil respiration in a mature apple orchard.Plant and Soil,2011,342(1/2):195-206.
[39]王庆成,程云环.土壤养分空间异质性与植物根系的觅食反应应用生态学报,2004,15(6):1063-1068.
[40]Gordon W S,Jackson R B.Nutrient concentrations in fine roots.Ecology,2000,81(1):275-280.
[41]Burton A J,Pregitzer K S,Hendrick R L.Relationships between fine root dynamics and nitrogen availability in Michigan northern hardwood forests.Oecologia,2000,125(3):389-399.
[2]Fernández J B G,Mora M R G,Novo F G.Vegetation dynamics of Mediterranean shrublands in former cultural landscape at Grazalema Mountains,South Spain.Plant Ecology,2004,172(1):83-94.
[3]Shachak M,Sachs M,Moshe I.Ecosystem Management of Desertified Shrublands in Israel.Ecosystems,1998,1(5):475-483.
[4]Gewin V L,Kennedy A C,Veseth R,Miller B C.Soil quality changes in eastern Washington with Conservation Reserve Program(CRP)take-out.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,1999,54(1):432-438.
[5]赵勇.太行山低山丘陵区退化生态系统植被恢复过程生态特征分析与评价[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2007.
[6]王建良,赵成章,张伟涛,姚文秀,李群.秦王川湿地盐角草和盐地碱蓬种群的空间格局及其关联性.生态学杂志,2017,36(9):2494-2500.
[7]韩玲,赵成章,冯威,徐婷,郑慧玲,段贝贝.张掖湿地芨芨草叶脉密度和叶脉直径的权衡关系对3种生境的响应.植物生态学报,2017,41(8):872-881.
[8]徐婷,赵成章,段贝贝,韩玲,郑慧玲,冯威.兰州北山刺槐不同等级叶脉密度与叶大小关系的坡向差异性.生态学杂志,2016,35(1):41-47.
[9]邓强.黄土高原4种植被区典型群落细根生物量和年生产量及其与环境因子关系研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2015.
[10]韩凤朋,郑纪勇,张兴昌.黄土退耕坡地植物根系分布特征及其对土壤养分的影响.农业工程学报,2009,25(2):50-55.
[11]吕渡,杨亚辉,赵文慧,雷斯越,张晓萍.不同恢复类型植被细根分布及与土壤理化性质耦合关系.生态学报,2018,38(11).doi:10.5846/stxb201709021585.
[12]孙守家,孟平,张劲松,贾长荣,任迎丰.太行山南麓山区栓皮栎-扁担杆生态系统水分利用策略.生态学报,2014,34(21):6317-6325.
[13]段媛媛,宋丽娟,牛素旗,黄婷,杨改河,郝文芳.不同林龄刺槐叶功能性状差异及其与土壤养分的关系.应用生态学报,2017,28(1):28-36.
[14]史军辉,刘茂秀,王新英,马学喜.不同林龄胡杨活立木枯枝生物量和化学计量特征.生态学报,2017,37(3):887-895.
[15]Rieu M,Sposito G.Fractal fragmentation,soil porosity,and soil water properties:II.Applications.Soil Science Society of America Journal,1991,55(5):1239-1244.
[16]赵河,张志铭,赵勇,祝忆伟,杨文卿,杨喜田.模拟氮沉降对荆条灌木“肥岛”土壤养分的影响.生态学报,2017,37(18):6014-6020.
[17]Kochsiek A,Tan S,Russo S E.Fine root dynamics in relation to nutrients in oligotrophic Bornean rain forest soils.Plant Ecology,2013,214(6):869-882.
[18]Pinno B D,Wilson S D.Fine root response to soil resource heterogeneity differs between grassland and forest.Plant Ecology,2013,214(6):821-829.
[19]Ugawa S,Miura S,Iwamoto K,Kaneko S,Fukuda K.Vertical patterns of fine root biomass,morphology and nitrogen concentration in a subalpine fir-wave forest.Plant and Soil,2010,335(1/2):469-478.
[20]Makita N,Hirano Y,Mizoguchi T,Kominami Y,Dannoura M,Ishii H,Finér L,Kanazawa Y.Very fine roots respond to soil depth:biomass allocation,morphology,and physiology in a broad-leaved temperate forest.Ecological Research,2011,26(1):95-104.
[21]程瑞梅,王瑞丽,肖文发,封晓辉,刘泽彬,葛晓改,王晓荣,张炜银.三峡库区马尾松根系生物量的空间分布.生态学报,2012,32(3):823-832.
[22]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析(第三版).北京:中国农业出版社,2000:30-97.
[23]高广磊,丁国栋,赵媛媛,包岩峰,于明含,刘昀东,周晓蕊.四种粒径分级制度对土壤体积分形维数测定的影响.应用基础与工程科学学报,2014,(6):1060-1068.
[24]夏江宝,张淑勇,王荣荣,赵艳云,孙景宽,刘京涛,刘庆.贝壳堤岛3种植被类型的土壤颗粒分形及水分生态特征.生态学报,2013,33(21):7013-7022.
[25]王力,王全九,石滨嘉夫,宫崎毅.安达市碱性草地土壤颗粒的分维特征.中国水土保持科学,2008,6(6):63-67.
[26]刘飞渡,韩蕾.亚热带红壤丘陵区不同人工林型对土壤理化性质、微生物类群和酶活性的影响.生态环境学报,2015,24(9):1441-1446.
[27]黄东风,翁伯琦,罗涛.豆科植物固氮能力的主要测定方法比较.江西农业大学学报,2003,25(S1):17-20.
[28]沈世华,荆玉祥.中国生物固氮研究现状和展望.科学通报,2003,48(6):535-540.
[29]刘国凡,邓廷秀.刺槐结瘤固氮生态特性的研究.生态学报,1991,11(3):280-285.
[30]吴克侠,耿丽平,赵全利,李小磊,陆秀君,刘全凤.微生物菌剂与耕作方式对冬小麦土壤化学性状的影响.中国农学通报,2015,31(15):193-201.
[31]Zhao H,Li X Z,Zhang Z M,Zhao Y,Yang J T,Zhu Y W.Species diversity and drivers of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in a semiarid mountain in China.Peer-Reviewed&Open Access,2017,5:e4155.
[32]Hendrick R L,Pregitzer K S.The demography of fine roots in a northern hardwood forest.Ecology,1992,73(3):1094-1104.
[33]王孟本,陈建文,史建伟,荀俊杰,李俊英.柠条人工幼林细根生长和死亡的季节变化.生态学报,2010,30(19):5121-5130.
[34]裴丙,朱龙飞,梁红艳,张军,杨喜田,孔玉华.太行山低山丘陵区不同人工林型对土壤性质及酶活性的影响.干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(10):190-195.
[35]韦兰英,上官周平.黄土高原不同演替阶段草地植被细根垂直分布特征与土壤环境的关系.生态学报,2006,26(11):3740-3748.
[36]邓强,李婷,袁志友,焦峰.黄土高原4种植被类型的细根生物量和年生产量.应用生态学报,2014,25(11):3091-3098.
[37]史建伟,王政权,于水强,全先奎.落叶松和水曲柳人工林细根生长、死亡和周转.植物生态学报,2007,31(2):333-342.
[38]Ceccon C,Panzacchi P,Scandellari F,Prandi L,Ventura M,Russo B,Millard P,Tagliavini M.Spatial and temporal effects of soil temperature and moisture and the relation to fine root density on root and soil respiration in a mature apple orchard.Plant and Soil,2011,342(1/2):195-206.
[39]王庆成,程云环.土壤养分空间异质性与植物根系的觅食反应应用生态学报,2004,15(6):1063-1068.
[40]Gordon W S,Jackson R B.Nutrient concentrations in fine roots.Ecology,2000,81(1):275-280.
[41]Burton A J,Pregitzer K S,Hendrick R L.Relationships between fine root dynamics and nitrogen availability in Michigan northern hardwood forests.Oecologia,2000,125(3):389-399.