基于黏度计读值预测的高温高压流变性预测方法
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摘要
钻井液高温高压流变参数预测分析是深井超深井钻井液性能调整、水力参数计算的基础,建立了一种基于黏度计读值预测的钻井液高温高压流变性分析方法。首先,开展了高温高压流变实验,基于实测数据分析了旋转黏度计读值随温度、压力的变化规律。然后,引入比例因子将各转速测量读值归一化,运用数值方法分别分析了恒压变温、恒温变压情况下比例因子与温度、压力的变化关系,先建立了高温高压下比例因子预测模型,随后建立了通用的高温高压黏度计读值预测模型,同时给出了高温高压流变模型优选与流变参数计算方法。通过多组实验数据计算对比,运用该方法计算所得黏度计读值与实测值吻合很好。进而运用该方法分析了一组实测钻井液在井筒内的流变参数变化情况,与传统方法相比,该方法不再局限于常规流变参数(塑性黏度、表观黏度等)预测,其可以扩展到所有流变模型的高温高压流变参数预测中。
Prediction and analysis of high temperature high pressure(HTHP) mud rheological property together form the basis on which drilling fluid property control and hydraulic parameter calculation for deep and ultra-deep wells are performed. This paper introduces a method of analyzing HTHP drilling fluid rheological property using viscometer readings. In developing the new method,the pattern of the rotational viscometer readings changing with temperature and pressure is analyzed using data from laboratory HTHP experiments. The readings at different rotational speeds are then normalized using factors of proportionality. Using numerical method,the relationship among the factor of proportionality, temperature and pressure at constant pressure changing temperature and constant temperature changing pressure is analyzed. A model for predicting HTHP factor of proportionality and a general model for predicting HTHP viscometer readings are established based on the analyses. Methods of selecting HTHP rheological model and calculating rheological parameters are also developed. The calculated rheological parameters and the measured ones fit very well, as shown by comparing two sets of parameters. Using the method, a set of rheological data of a drilling fluid taken from a wellbore is analyzed.Compared with conventional methods, this new method can be use to predict not only normal rheological properties(plastic viscosity,apparent viscosity etc.), but also HTHP parameters of all rheological models.
Prediction and analysis of high temperature high pressure(HTHP) mud rheological property together form the basis on which drilling fluid property control and hydraulic parameter calculation for deep and ultra-deep wells are performed. This paper introduces a method of analyzing HTHP drilling fluid rheological property using viscometer readings. In developing the new method,the pattern of the rotational viscometer readings changing with temperature and pressure is analyzed using data from laboratory HTHP experiments. The readings at different rotational speeds are then normalized using factors of proportionality. Using numerical method,the relationship among the factor of proportionality, temperature and pressure at constant pressure changing temperature and constant temperature changing pressure is analyzed. A model for predicting HTHP factor of proportionality and a general model for predicting HTHP viscometer readings are established based on the analyses. Methods of selecting HTHP rheological model and calculating rheological parameters are also developed. The calculated rheological parameters and the measured ones fit very well, as shown by comparing two sets of parameters. Using the method, a set of rheological data of a drilling fluid taken from a wellbore is analyzed.Compared with conventional methods, this new method can be use to predict not only normal rheological properties(plastic viscosity,apparent viscosity etc.), but also HTHP parameters of all rheological models.
引文
[1]牛新明,张进双,周号博.“三超”油气井井控技术难点及对策[J].石油钻探技术,2017,45(4):1-7.NIU Xinming,ZHANG Jinshuang,ZHOU Haobo.Technological challenges and countermeasures in well control of ultra-deep,ultra-high and ultra-high pressure oil and gas well[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2017,45(4):1-7.
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[4]MCMORDIE JR W C,Bennett R B.The effect of temperature and pressure on the viscosity of oil-base muds[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1975,27(7):884-886.
[5]POLITTE M D.Invert oil mud rheology as a function of temperature and pressure[R].Paper 13458 was presented at the SPE/IADC drilling Conference,New Orleans,Louislana,6-8 March,1985.
[6]ALDERMAN N J,GAVIGNET A,GUILLOT D,et al.High-temperature,high-pressure rheology of waterbased muds[R].Paper SPE 18035 was presented at the63rd Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition of the Society of Petroleum Engineers,Houston,TX.,2-5October,1988.
[7]ELWARD-BERRY J,DARBY J B.Rheologically stable,nontoxic,high-temperature water-base drilling fluid[R].Paper SPE 24589 was presented at the 67th Annular Technical Conference and Exhibition of the Society of Petroleum Engineers,Washington,DC.,4-7 October,1992.
[8]鄢捷年,高温高压下矿物油泥浆和常规油包水乳化泥浆的流变性能[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,1989,13(5):18-29.YAN Jienian.The rheological properties of mineral oil and diesel oil muds at high temperatures and high pressure(HTHP)[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum:Edition of Nature Science,1989,13(5):18-29.
[9]鄢捷年,预测油包水乳化泥浆表观黏度的数学模型[J],石油大学学报:自然科学版,1990,14(1):9-15.YAN Jienian.A model for predicting the apparent viscosity of invert emulsion muds[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum:Edition of Nature Science,1990,14(1):9-15.
[10]赵胜英,鄢捷年,舒勇,等.油基钻井液高温高压流变参数预测模型[J].石油学报,2009,30(4):603-606.ZHAO Shengying,YAN Jienian,SHU Yong,et al.Prediction model for rheological parameters of oil-based drilling fluids at high temperature and high pressure[J].Acta Petrolei Sinca,2009,30(4):603-606.
[11]赵怀珍,薛玉志,李公让,等.抗高温水基钻井液超高温高压流变性研究[J].石油钻探技术,2009,37(1):5-9.ZHAO Huaizhen,XUE Yuzhi,LI Gongrang,et al.Rheological properties of high-temperature water based drilling fluids at high temperature and high pressure[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2009,37(1):5-9.
[12]蒋官澄,吴学诗,鄢捷年,等.深井水基钻井液高温高压流变特性的研究[J].钻井液与完井液,1994,11(5):18-23.JIANG Guancheng,WU Xueshi,YAN Jienian,et al.Study on the rheology property of water based drilling at high temperature and high pressure[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,1994,11(5):18-23.
[13]周福建,刘雨晴,杨贤友,等.水包油钻井液高温高压流变性研究[J].石油学报,1999,20(3):77-81.ZHOU Fujian,LIU Yuqing,YANG Xianyou,et al.Astudy on rheological properties of oil-in water emulsion at high temperature and high pressure[J].Acta Petrolei Sinca,1999,20(3):77-81.
[14]王富华,王瑞和,刘江华,等.高密度水基钻井液高温高压流变性研究[J].石油学报,2010,31(2):306-310.WANG Fuhua,WANG Ruihe,LIU Jianghua,et al.Rheology of high-density water-based drilling fluid at the high temperature and high pressure[J].Acta Petrolei Sinca,2010,31(2):306-310.
[15]周号博,樊洪海,翟应虎,等.四参数模式流变参数准确计算方法及其应用[J].石油学报,2012,33(1):128-132.ZHOU Haobo,FAN Honghai,ZHAI Yinghu,et al.Rheological parameter calculation with a four-parameter model and its application evaluation[J].Acta Petrolei Sinca,2012,33(1):128-132.
[16]RAYMOND L R.Temperature distribution in a circulating drilling fluid[J].J Pet Tech.,1969,21(3):333-341.
[17]HARRISO O,OSISANYASO.Evaluation of equivalent circulating density of drilling fluids under high0pressure/high-temperature conditions[R].Paper SPE 97018 was presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,Dallas,Texas,2005 SPE97018.
[2]SRINI-VASAN S,GATLIN C.The effect of temperature on the f low properties of clay-water drilling muds[J].Journal of Petroleum technology,1958,10(12):59-60.
[3]ANNIS M E.High-Temperature flow properties of waterbase drilling fluids[R].Paper SPE 1689 was presented at SPE Third Conference on Drilling and Rock Mechanics,Austin,Tex.,25-26 June,1967.
[4]MCMORDIE JR W C,Bennett R B.The effect of temperature and pressure on the viscosity of oil-base muds[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1975,27(7):884-886.
[5]POLITTE M D.Invert oil mud rheology as a function of temperature and pressure[R].Paper 13458 was presented at the SPE/IADC drilling Conference,New Orleans,Louislana,6-8 March,1985.
[6]ALDERMAN N J,GAVIGNET A,GUILLOT D,et al.High-temperature,high-pressure rheology of waterbased muds[R].Paper SPE 18035 was presented at the63rd Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition of the Society of Petroleum Engineers,Houston,TX.,2-5October,1988.
[7]ELWARD-BERRY J,DARBY J B.Rheologically stable,nontoxic,high-temperature water-base drilling fluid[R].Paper SPE 24589 was presented at the 67th Annular Technical Conference and Exhibition of the Society of Petroleum Engineers,Washington,DC.,4-7 October,1992.
[8]鄢捷年,高温高压下矿物油泥浆和常规油包水乳化泥浆的流变性能[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,1989,13(5):18-29.YAN Jienian.The rheological properties of mineral oil and diesel oil muds at high temperatures and high pressure(HTHP)[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum:Edition of Nature Science,1989,13(5):18-29.
[9]鄢捷年,预测油包水乳化泥浆表观黏度的数学模型[J],石油大学学报:自然科学版,1990,14(1):9-15.YAN Jienian.A model for predicting the apparent viscosity of invert emulsion muds[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum:Edition of Nature Science,1990,14(1):9-15.
[10]赵胜英,鄢捷年,舒勇,等.油基钻井液高温高压流变参数预测模型[J].石油学报,2009,30(4):603-606.ZHAO Shengying,YAN Jienian,SHU Yong,et al.Prediction model for rheological parameters of oil-based drilling fluids at high temperature and high pressure[J].Acta Petrolei Sinca,2009,30(4):603-606.
[11]赵怀珍,薛玉志,李公让,等.抗高温水基钻井液超高温高压流变性研究[J].石油钻探技术,2009,37(1):5-9.ZHAO Huaizhen,XUE Yuzhi,LI Gongrang,et al.Rheological properties of high-temperature water based drilling fluids at high temperature and high pressure[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2009,37(1):5-9.
[12]蒋官澄,吴学诗,鄢捷年,等.深井水基钻井液高温高压流变特性的研究[J].钻井液与完井液,1994,11(5):18-23.JIANG Guancheng,WU Xueshi,YAN Jienian,et al.Study on the rheology property of water based drilling at high temperature and high pressure[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,1994,11(5):18-23.
[13]周福建,刘雨晴,杨贤友,等.水包油钻井液高温高压流变性研究[J].石油学报,1999,20(3):77-81.ZHOU Fujian,LIU Yuqing,YANG Xianyou,et al.Astudy on rheological properties of oil-in water emulsion at high temperature and high pressure[J].Acta Petrolei Sinca,1999,20(3):77-81.
[14]王富华,王瑞和,刘江华,等.高密度水基钻井液高温高压流变性研究[J].石油学报,2010,31(2):306-310.WANG Fuhua,WANG Ruihe,LIU Jianghua,et al.Rheology of high-density water-based drilling fluid at the high temperature and high pressure[J].Acta Petrolei Sinca,2010,31(2):306-310.
[15]周号博,樊洪海,翟应虎,等.四参数模式流变参数准确计算方法及其应用[J].石油学报,2012,33(1):128-132.ZHOU Haobo,FAN Honghai,ZHAI Yinghu,et al.Rheological parameter calculation with a four-parameter model and its application evaluation[J].Acta Petrolei Sinca,2012,33(1):128-132.
[16]RAYMOND L R.Temperature distribution in a circulating drilling fluid[J].J Pet Tech.,1969,21(3):333-341.
[17]HARRISO O,OSISANYASO.Evaluation of equivalent circulating density of drilling fluids under high0pressure/high-temperature conditions[R].Paper SPE 97018 was presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,Dallas,Texas,2005 SPE97018.