星敏感器恒星成像模型迭代估计方法
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摘要
针对现有描述星点能量分布的高斯模型的局限性,基于恒星辐射特性和星敏感器的成像特性,提出了改进的偏正态分布恒星成像模型,并确定其关键参数向量.根据星敏感器对恒星成像为平稳随机过程的特点,设计了Kalman滤波器迭代估计星点像斑特征,提取四个星点像斑特征量,建立状态空间,得到特征量在最小二乘意义下的最优估计值,以此作为参考基准,利用查表法实现星点成像模型参数寻优求解.地面观星实验结果表明,基于Kalman滤波可以快速有效地对实测星点像斑特征量进行估计,相对于高斯模型,改进的偏高斯模型对星点像斑能量分布的仿真精度更高.
In view of limitations of the Gaussian model for describing star energy distribution,based on the radiation characteristic of stars and the imaging properties of star tracker,an improved skewed normal distribution model of star imaging was proposed and its key parameter vector was determined.The Kalman filtering was designed to estimate the characteristics of star spot.Then,based on the characteristic that the stellar imaging process of star sensor is a stationary random process,the state space composed of the characteristic of star spot was established and the optimal estimation value of the characteristics in the least square sense was obtained.Finally,the parameter optimization of star point imaging model was achieved by using look-up table method.The result of the ground star observation shows that the Kalman filter can estimate the characteristic quantity quickly and effectively.Compared with the Gaussian model,the improved skewed normal distribution model has higher simulation accuracy for the energy distribution of the star spot.
In view of limitations of the Gaussian model for describing star energy distribution,based on the radiation characteristic of stars and the imaging properties of star tracker,an improved skewed normal distribution model of star imaging was proposed and its key parameter vector was determined.The Kalman filtering was designed to estimate the characteristics of star spot.Then,based on the characteristic that the stellar imaging process of star sensor is a stationary random process,the state space composed of the characteristic of star spot was established and the optimal estimation value of the characteristics in the least square sense was obtained.Finally,the parameter optimization of star point imaging model was achieved by using look-up table method.The result of the ground star observation shows that the Kalman filter can estimate the characteristic quantity quickly and effectively.Compared with the Gaussian model,the improved skewed normal distribution model has higher simulation accuracy for the energy distribution of the star spot.
引文
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[12] QIN Yong-yuan,ZHANG Hong-rong,WANG Shu-hua.Theory of Kalman filter and integrated navigation[M].Xi′an:Northwestern Polytechnical University,1989.秦永元,张洪绒,汪叔华.卡尔曼滤波与组合导航原理[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,1989.
[2] HANCOCKB,STIRBL R,CUNNINGHAM T,et al.CMOS active pixel sensor specific performance effects on star tracker/imager position accuracy[C].SPIE,2001,4284:43-53.
[3] WANG Hai-yong,ZHOU Wen-rui,LIN Hao-yu,et al.Parameter estimation of gaussian gray diffusin model of static image spot[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2012,32(3):267-272.王海涌,周文睿,林浩宇,等.静态像点高斯灰度扩散模型参数估计方法[J].光学学报,2012,32(3):267-272.
[4] ZHANG Xin-yu,HAO Yun-cai.Analysis of the star image energy distribution mathematical model and its effect on the accuracy for a star tracker[J].Aerospace Control and Application,2013,39(3):14-18.张新宇,郝云彩.星敏感器星点能量分布数学模型及其对精度的影响分析[J].空间控制技术与应用,2013,39(3):14-18.
[5] WANG Fan,CHANG Jun,HAO Yun-cai,et al.Mathematical model research of star image energy distribution of star tracker[J].Laser&Optoelectronics Progress,2015,52(5):104-109.王凡,常军,郝云彩,等.高精度星敏感器星像能量分布模型研究[J].激光与光电子学进展,2015,52(5):104-109.
[6] LI Jing,YANG Bao-xi,HU Zhong-hua,et al.Development and performance testing of optical system for star sensor[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2013,33(5):209-215.李璟,杨宝喜,胡中华,等.星敏感器光学系统的研制与性能测试[J].光学学报,2013,33(5):209-215.
[7] ZHI Shuai,ZHANG Liu,LI Xin-lu.Realization of simulated star map with noise[J].Chinese Optics,2014,7(4):582-587.支帅,张刘,李欣璐.带噪声模拟仿真星图的实现[J].中国光学,2014,7(4):582-587.
[8] LIEBE C C.Accuracy performance of star trackers-A Tutorial[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace Electronic Systems,2002,38(2):587-599.
[9] YAO Da-lei,WEN De-sheng.Study on star identification of star image for star sensor[J].Journal of Changchun University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition),2008,31(1):71-84.姚大雷,汶德胜.适用于星敏感器的星体识别研究[J].长春理工大学学报(自然科学版),2008,31(1):71-84.
[10] LI Xue-kui,HAO Zhi-hang,LI Jie,et al.The research on the method of the star′s position determination of the star sensor[J].Chinese Journal of Electron Devices,2004,27(4):571-574.李学夔,郝志航,李杰,等.星敏感器的星点定位方法研究[J].电子器件,2004,27(4):571-574.
[11] SCHMIDT U.Intelligent error correction method applied on an active pixel sensor based star tracker[C].SPIE,2005,5964:59640J.
[12] QIN Yong-yuan,ZHANG Hong-rong,WANG Shu-hua.Theory of Kalman filter and integrated navigation[M].Xi′an:Northwestern Polytechnical University,1989.秦永元,张洪绒,汪叔华.卡尔曼滤波与组合导航原理[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,1989.