含常规高压直流输电的电力系统恢复路径优化
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摘要
考虑高压直流对电力系统恢复路径优化的影响,文中提出一种含高压直流输电的恢复路径优化方法。首先,从启动、运行两阶段明确直流对系统强度的要求,研究恢复路径对直流支援能力的影响,进而得出直流的升功率特性。然后,提出"非树型恢复路径"的概念,建立恢复路径的优化模型,将直流传输功率纳入目标函数和约束条件,采用多种群遗传算法求得最优恢复方案。算法中,提出对树型和非树型路径均适用的改进拓扑排序算法,以生成满足连通性约束的可行路径恢复序列;并设计保证染色体可行性不变的随机片段交叉、变异算子和路径修正操作,以提高计算效率。最后,以IEEE 39节点系统和我国某省局部电网为例,验证所提优化方法的可行性和有效性。
Considering the influences of HVDC on path optimization of power system restoration, a restoration path optimization method including HVDC transmission was proposed. Firstly, the system strength requirements of HVDC start-up and operation were clarified. The influence of restoration path on HVDC support capability was studied, and the power-lifting characteristics of HVDC were obtained. Then, a concept of "non-tree recovery path" was proposed and an optimization model of restoration path was established. In this model, HVDC transmission power was added to objective function and constraints. Multi-population genetic algorithm was used to solve this problem. In this algorithm, an improved topological sorting algorithm suitable for searching both tree and non-tree restoration paths was proposed. It could randomly generate feasible path recovery sequence meeting connectivity constraint. In this genetic algorithm, random fragment crossover, mutation operator and path modification operation were designed to improve computation efficiency, and keep feasibility of chromosomes unchanged. Finally, feasibility and validity of the proposed optimization method were verified with IEEE 39 bus system and an actual regional power grid in China as examples.
Considering the influences of HVDC on path optimization of power system restoration, a restoration path optimization method including HVDC transmission was proposed. Firstly, the system strength requirements of HVDC start-up and operation were clarified. The influence of restoration path on HVDC support capability was studied, and the power-lifting characteristics of HVDC were obtained. Then, a concept of "non-tree recovery path" was proposed and an optimization model of restoration path was established. In this model, HVDC transmission power was added to objective function and constraints. Multi-population genetic algorithm was used to solve this problem. In this algorithm, an improved topological sorting algorithm suitable for searching both tree and non-tree restoration paths was proposed. It could randomly generate feasible path recovery sequence meeting connectivity constraint. In this genetic algorithm, random fragment crossover, mutation operator and path modification operation were designed to improve computation efficiency, and keep feasibility of chromosomes unchanged. Finally, feasibility and validity of the proposed optimization method were verified with IEEE 39 bus system and an actual regional power grid in China as examples.
引文
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[12]和敬涵,李长城,张沛,等.基于改进标签传播算法的电力系统并行恢复分区方法[J].电网技术,2018,42(6):1776-1782.He Jinghan,Li Changcheng,Zhang Pei,et al.A partitioning method for power system parallel restoration based on modified label propagation algorithm[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(6):1776-1782(in Chinese).
[13]孙润稼,刘玉田.基于深度学习和蒙特卡洛树搜索的机组恢复在线决策[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(14):40-47.Sun Runjia,Liu Yutian.Online decision-making for generator start-up based on deep learning and Monte Carlo tree search[J].Automation of Electrical Power Systems,2018,42(14):40-47(in Chinese).
[14]李少岩,顾雪平,梁海平.给定恢复目标的扩展黑启动方案路径优选[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(16):59-64.Li Shaoyan,Gu Xueping,Liang Haiping.Energizing path optimization of extended black-start schemes with given recovery targets[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(16):59-64(in Chinese).
[15]冯丽,金黎明,张同尊,等.考虑恢复路径充电时间的机组启动次序决策方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(18):4904-4910.Feng Li,Jin Liming,Zhang Tongzun,et al.A new method to determine non-blackstart units restoration sequence with consideration of charging time of restoration paths[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(18):4904-4910(in Chinese).
[16]谢彦祥,刘天琪,苏学能.Hadoop架构下基于分布式粒子群算法的骨架网络重构方法[J].电网技术,2018,42(3):886-893.Xie Yanxiang,Liu Tianqi,Su Xueneng.A novel skeleton network reconfiguration method based on distributed pso algorithm and hadoop architecture[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(3):886-893(in Chinese).
[17]Wang C,Vittal V,Kolluri S,et al.PTDF-based automatic restoration path selection[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2010,25(3):1686-1695.
[18]瞿寒冰,尹茂林.直流输电系统接入后的恢复控制研究[J].山东电力技术,2015,42(6):1-5.Qu Hanbing,Yin Maolin.Research on restoration control with the DCtransmission system integration[J].Shandong Electric Power,2015,42(6):1-5(in Chinese).
[19]Li Y,Xu W,Li Q,et al.Research on technical requirements of line-commutated converter-based high-voltage direct current participating in receiving end AC system's black start[J].IETGeneration,Transmission&Distribution,2016,10(9):2071-2078.
[20]陈红.±660kV银东直流输电系统恢复研究[D].济南:山东大学,2012.
[21]周剑,李建设,苏寅生.电网黑启动情况下高压直流输电系统启动条件分析[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(3):92-96.Zhou Jian,Li Jianshe,Su Yinsheng.Analysis on start-up conditions of HVDC system in black-start[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(3):92-96(in Chinese).
[22]刘昌盛,谢云云,周前,等.高压直流输电参与的电网恢复路径优化方法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(9):2579-2588.Liu Changsheng,Xie Yunyun,Zhou Qian,et al.Optimization of restoration path for blackout grid with the aid of high-voltage direct current transmission[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(9):2579-2588(in Chinese).
[23]顾雪平,杨超,梁海平,等.异步联网受端交流系统恢复中支持LCC-HVDC启动的局部网络快速重构[J].中国电机工程学报,2019,39(4):1060-1070.Gu Xueping,Yang Chao,Liang Haiping,et al.Rapid reconfiguration of receiving-end AC local networks supporting LCC-HVDC startup for asynchronous networking power systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2019,39(4):1060-1070(in Chinese).
[24]Adibi M M,Borkoski J N,Kafka R J,et al.Frequency response of prime movers during restoration[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1999,14(2):751-756.
[25]徐政.联于弱交流系统的直流输电特性研究之一──直流输电的输送能力[J].电网技术,1997,21(1):12-16.Xu Zheng.Characteristics of HVDC connected to weak AC systems part1:HVDC transmission capability[J].Power System Technology,1997,21(1):12-16(in Chinese).
[26]张伯明,陈寿孙,严正.高等电力网络分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007:24-42.
[27]索之闻,李晖,于钊,等.高压直流输电系统功率速升特性分析与提升能力计算方法研究[J].电网技术,2018,42(12):3833-3841.Suo Zhiwen,Li Hui,Yu Zhao,et al.Research on characteristics and calculation method of HVDC transmission after DC power fast ramp[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(12):3833-3841(in Chinese).
[28]刘崇如.交直流混合输电系统运行特性分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2017.
[29]顾雪平,刘文轩,王佳裕,等.一种机组恢复决策的多时段协调优化方法[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(21):114-124.Gu Xueping,Liu Wenxuan,Wang Jiayu,et al.An optimization approach based on multiple time-step coordination for decision making of unit restoration[J].Transactions of China Electro Technical Society,2016,31(21):114-124(in Chinese).
[30]陈碧云,韦杏秋,陈绍南,等.基于多种群遗传算法的电力系统多目标优化[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2015,27(7):24-29.Chen Biyun,Wei Xingqiu,Chen Shaonan,et al.Power system multi-objective optimization based on multi-population genetic algorithm[J].Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA,2015,27(7):24-29(in Chinese).
[31]窦建平,李俊,苏春.基于可行工序序列遗传算法的工序排序优化[J].计算机集成制造系统:1-17.http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.5946.TP.20180809.1542.028.html.Dou Jianping,Li Jun,Su Chun.A feasible operation sequence oriented genetic algorithm for optimization of operation sequencing[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems:1-17(in Chinese).http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.5946.TP.20180809.1542.028.html.
[32]Srinivas M,Patnaik L M.Adaptive probabilities of crossover and mutation in genetic algorithms[J].IEEE Transactions on Systems,Man,and Cybernetics,1994,24(4):656-667.
[2]韩忠晖,顾雪平,刘艳.考虑机组启动时限的大停电后初期恢复路径优化[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(4):21-26.Han Zhonghui,Gu Xueping,Liu Yan.Optimization of restoration paths considering unit start-up time requirements at early stage of power system restoration[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2009,29(4):21-26(in Chinese).
[3]叶茂,刘艳,顾雪平,等.基于条件风险方法的风电黑启动价值评估及其应用[J].电网技术,2018,42(11):3796-3805.Ye Mao,Liu Yan,Gu Xueping,et al.Black-start value evaluation of wind power using a conditional risk method and its application[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(11):3796-3805(in Chinese).
[4]刘强,石立宝,倪以信,等.电力系统恢复控制的网络重构智能优化策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(13):8-15.Liu Qiang,Shi Libao,Ni Yixin,et al.Intelligent optimization strategy of the power grid reconfiguration during power system restoration[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2009,29(13):8-15(in Chinese).
[5]周云海,闵勇.恢复控制中的系统重构优化算法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(4):67-70.Zhou Yunhai,Min Yong.Optimal algorithm for system reconstruction[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2003,23(4):67-70(in Chinese).
[6]Sun W,Liu C C,Zhang L.Optimal generator start-up strategy for bulk power system restoration[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2011,26(3):1357-1366.
[7]顾雪平,李少岩,周光奇,等.计及特级负荷恢复的网架重构分时段全局优化方法[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(7):138-149.Gu Xueping,Li Shaoyan,Zhou Guangqi,et al.Global optimization by multi-time-stage coordination for network reconfiguration considering vital load restoration[J].Transactions of China Electro Technical Society,2017,32(7):138-149(in Chinese).
[8]宋坤隆,谢云云,殷明慧,等.应用网络流理论的停电系统恢复路径混合整数线性优化模型[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(3):25-32.Song Kunlong,Xie Yunyun,Yin Minghui,et al.Mixed integer linear optimization model for path restoration of blackout system based on network flow theory[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(3):25-32(in Chinese).
[9]朱冬雪,顾雪平,钟慧荣.电力系统大停电后机组恢复的多目标优化方法[J].电网技术,2013,37(3):814-820.Zhu Dongxue,Gu Xueping,Zhong Huirong.A multi-objective optimization method for post-blackout unit restoration[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(3):814-820(in Chinese).
[10]朱海南,刘玉田.考虑线路投入顺序的网架重构机组恢复多目标优化[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(16):53-59.Zhu Hainan,Liu Yutian.Multi-objective optimization of unit restoration during network reconstruction considering line restoration sequence[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(16):53-59(in Chinese).
[11]宋坤隆,谢云云,殷明慧,等.电力系统网架重构优化中非连通方案的线路编码修正方法[J].电网技术,2017,41(7):2300-2307.Song Kunlong,Xie Yunyun,Yin Minghui,et al.Coding rectification method of transmission lines in network reconfiguration optimization of power system[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(7):2300-2307(in Chinese).
[12]和敬涵,李长城,张沛,等.基于改进标签传播算法的电力系统并行恢复分区方法[J].电网技术,2018,42(6):1776-1782.He Jinghan,Li Changcheng,Zhang Pei,et al.A partitioning method for power system parallel restoration based on modified label propagation algorithm[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(6):1776-1782(in Chinese).
[13]孙润稼,刘玉田.基于深度学习和蒙特卡洛树搜索的机组恢复在线决策[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(14):40-47.Sun Runjia,Liu Yutian.Online decision-making for generator start-up based on deep learning and Monte Carlo tree search[J].Automation of Electrical Power Systems,2018,42(14):40-47(in Chinese).
[14]李少岩,顾雪平,梁海平.给定恢复目标的扩展黑启动方案路径优选[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(16):59-64.Li Shaoyan,Gu Xueping,Liang Haiping.Energizing path optimization of extended black-start schemes with given recovery targets[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(16):59-64(in Chinese).
[15]冯丽,金黎明,张同尊,等.考虑恢复路径充电时间的机组启动次序决策方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(18):4904-4910.Feng Li,Jin Liming,Zhang Tongzun,et al.A new method to determine non-blackstart units restoration sequence with consideration of charging time of restoration paths[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(18):4904-4910(in Chinese).
[16]谢彦祥,刘天琪,苏学能.Hadoop架构下基于分布式粒子群算法的骨架网络重构方法[J].电网技术,2018,42(3):886-893.Xie Yanxiang,Liu Tianqi,Su Xueneng.A novel skeleton network reconfiguration method based on distributed pso algorithm and hadoop architecture[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(3):886-893(in Chinese).
[17]Wang C,Vittal V,Kolluri S,et al.PTDF-based automatic restoration path selection[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2010,25(3):1686-1695.
[18]瞿寒冰,尹茂林.直流输电系统接入后的恢复控制研究[J].山东电力技术,2015,42(6):1-5.Qu Hanbing,Yin Maolin.Research on restoration control with the DCtransmission system integration[J].Shandong Electric Power,2015,42(6):1-5(in Chinese).
[19]Li Y,Xu W,Li Q,et al.Research on technical requirements of line-commutated converter-based high-voltage direct current participating in receiving end AC system's black start[J].IETGeneration,Transmission&Distribution,2016,10(9):2071-2078.
[20]陈红.±660kV银东直流输电系统恢复研究[D].济南:山东大学,2012.
[21]周剑,李建设,苏寅生.电网黑启动情况下高压直流输电系统启动条件分析[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(3):92-96.Zhou Jian,Li Jianshe,Su Yinsheng.Analysis on start-up conditions of HVDC system in black-start[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(3):92-96(in Chinese).
[22]刘昌盛,谢云云,周前,等.高压直流输电参与的电网恢复路径优化方法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(9):2579-2588.Liu Changsheng,Xie Yunyun,Zhou Qian,et al.Optimization of restoration path for blackout grid with the aid of high-voltage direct current transmission[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(9):2579-2588(in Chinese).
[23]顾雪平,杨超,梁海平,等.异步联网受端交流系统恢复中支持LCC-HVDC启动的局部网络快速重构[J].中国电机工程学报,2019,39(4):1060-1070.Gu Xueping,Yang Chao,Liang Haiping,et al.Rapid reconfiguration of receiving-end AC local networks supporting LCC-HVDC startup for asynchronous networking power systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2019,39(4):1060-1070(in Chinese).
[24]Adibi M M,Borkoski J N,Kafka R J,et al.Frequency response of prime movers during restoration[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1999,14(2):751-756.
[25]徐政.联于弱交流系统的直流输电特性研究之一──直流输电的输送能力[J].电网技术,1997,21(1):12-16.Xu Zheng.Characteristics of HVDC connected to weak AC systems part1:HVDC transmission capability[J].Power System Technology,1997,21(1):12-16(in Chinese).
[26]张伯明,陈寿孙,严正.高等电力网络分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007:24-42.
[27]索之闻,李晖,于钊,等.高压直流输电系统功率速升特性分析与提升能力计算方法研究[J].电网技术,2018,42(12):3833-3841.Suo Zhiwen,Li Hui,Yu Zhao,et al.Research on characteristics and calculation method of HVDC transmission after DC power fast ramp[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(12):3833-3841(in Chinese).
[28]刘崇如.交直流混合输电系统运行特性分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2017.
[29]顾雪平,刘文轩,王佳裕,等.一种机组恢复决策的多时段协调优化方法[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(21):114-124.Gu Xueping,Liu Wenxuan,Wang Jiayu,et al.An optimization approach based on multiple time-step coordination for decision making of unit restoration[J].Transactions of China Electro Technical Society,2016,31(21):114-124(in Chinese).
[30]陈碧云,韦杏秋,陈绍南,等.基于多种群遗传算法的电力系统多目标优化[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2015,27(7):24-29.Chen Biyun,Wei Xingqiu,Chen Shaonan,et al.Power system multi-objective optimization based on multi-population genetic algorithm[J].Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA,2015,27(7):24-29(in Chinese).
[31]窦建平,李俊,苏春.基于可行工序序列遗传算法的工序排序优化[J].计算机集成制造系统:1-17.http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.5946.TP.20180809.1542.028.html.Dou Jianping,Li Jun,Su Chun.A feasible operation sequence oriented genetic algorithm for optimization of operation sequencing[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems:1-17(in Chinese).http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.5946.TP.20180809.1542.028.html.
[32]Srinivas M,Patnaik L M.Adaptive probabilities of crossover and mutation in genetic algorithms[J].IEEE Transactions on Systems,Man,and Cybernetics,1994,24(4):656-667.